| 释义 |
picro-|ˈpɪkrəʊ|
before a vowel sometimes picr-, combining form of Gr. πικρός bitter, used to form scientific terms, (a) in the sense ‘having a bitter taste or smell’, esp. in the names of magnesium minerals, because magnesium salts have often a bitter taste; (b) in names of derivatives of picric acid, as picramic acid, picramine, picrammonium, picro-acetate of lead, picro-carbonate of ammonia.
Among these are picroˈcarmine, a red staining fluid used in histologic microscopy; picro-carbonate of ammonia. picroˈchromite Min., a chromite of magnesium, MgCr2O4, which in its pure form is known only as an artificial product (see quots. 1939) and which in nature is a brittle black mineral that contains a substantial amount of ferrous iron replacing magnesium. picroeˈrythrin Chem. [erythrin] (see quot. 1866). picroˈglycion Chem. [Gr. γλυκύς sweet], a crystalline substance obtained from the bittersweet; = dulcamarin. picroilmenite |pɪkrəʊˈɪlmənaɪt| Min. [ad. G. pikroïlmenit (P. Groth Tabellarische Übersicht der Mineralien (ed. 4, 1898) ix. 143)], a magnesian variety of ilmenite. ˈpicrolite Min. [Gr. λίθος stone] (see quots.). ˈpicromel [Gr. µέλι honey], a bitter-sweet substance obtained from bile. piˈcromerite Min. [Gr. µερίς, µεριδ- a part], sulphate of magnesium and potassium found in white crystals and crystalline crusts. picroˈnitrate Chem. = picrate. picroˈpharmacolite Min. (named by Stromeyer, 1819), a mineral resembling pharmacolite, but containing magnesium. ˈpicrophyll Min. [Gr. ϕύλλον a leaf], a massive, fibrous, or foliated greenish-grey variety of pyroxene. picroˈphyllite = prec. (Webster 1864). piˈcrosmine Min. [Ger. picrosmin, named by Haidinger, 1824, f. Gr. ὀσµή odour], a greenish-white, dark-green, or greyish fibrous hydrous silicate of magnesium, which emits a bitter and argillaceous odour when moistened. ˈpicrotin Chem. [f. picrotoxin], a bitter crystalline substance existing with picrotoxin in the Cocculus indicus. picroˈtoxic a. Chem. [f. next: see -ic], of, pertaining to, contained in, or derived from picrotoxin. picroˈtoxin Chem. [cf. toxin], formerly picrotoxia, the bitter poisonous principle (C12H14O5) of the seeds of the Cocculus indicus.
1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 406 *Picramic [or] Dinitrophenamic..Acid..Produced by the action of sulphide of ammonium or of ferrous salts on picric acid.
Ibid. 640 *Picramine, or hydrate of *picrammonium, cannot be isolated on account of its ready oxidability.
Ibid. 404 A *picro-acetate of lead..is deposited..when a boiling mixture of potassic picrate and an excess of lead-acetate is left to cool.
1880Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sc. XX. 230 By using osmic acid, followed by *picrocarmine, it is easy to preserve the ectoderm with its clothing of cilia. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 551 The picrocarmine reaction shows that decalcification is taking place.
1920E. S. Simpson in Mineral. Mag. XIX. 100 Dealing with the minerals of the spinel-chromite series.., the four variables, which constitute two pairs, are MgO, FeO, Al2O3, Cr2 O3. Four mineral species are possible, the pure forms of which are (1) MgO.Al2O3 spinel, (2) MgO.Cr2O3 *picrochromite, (3) FeO.Al2O3 hercynite, and (4) FeO.Cr2O3 chromite. [Note] New name required to complete the series and to designate already known minerals. Ibid. 104 At least three previously described minerals, viz. chrompicotite of Dun Mt., New Zealand; magnesiochromite of New Caledonia; and ‘chromite’ of Lake Memphremagog in Quebec, are members of a new species for which the author proposes the name picrochromite. 1939Special Rep. Iron & Steel Inst. No. 26. 202 Picrochromite was prepared in a manner similar to that used for spinel but employing equivalent amounts of magnesia and chromic oxide. Ibid. 204 Picrochromite was green in daylight and reddish⁓grey in artificial light..when viewed in mass. It occurred as aggregates of minute crystals which were practically colourless and presented occasional octahedral faces. 1970Mineral. Abstr. XXI. 314/2 (heading) Determination of the fusion temperature of picrochromite.
1857Miller Elem. Chem. III. 541 *Picro-erythrin..is a colourless substance... It has a very bitter taste. 1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 641 Picroerythrin (C12H16O7), a body produced, together with orsellinic ether, by the action of boiling water on erythrin.
1858Mayne Expos. Lex., *Picroglycion, Picroglycium... Name by Pfaff for a particular substance first obtained by him from the Solanum dulcamara. 1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 642 Picroglycion. Dulcamarin.
1900Mineral. Mag. XII. 389 *Picroilmenite... The same as picrotitanite, a variety of ilmenite rich in magnesium. 1906Ibid. XIV. 166 It is advisable to divide the ferro-magnesian titanates into ilmenites and geikielites, and to regard picroilmenite as the middle member of the series. 1972Mineral. Abstr. XXIII. 338/1 Picroilmenite occurs, associated with diamond, in the kimberlites and in the Carboniferous, Jurassic, and Cretaceous formations [in the Anabar area, western Yakutia]. Its hardness ranges from 450 to 750 kg/mm2; it is anisotropic, optically negative, and has a weak bireflectance.
1816R. Jameson Min. (ed. 2) I. 536 *Picrolite. 1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 642 Picrolite, a fibrous dark-geen variety of serpentine, somewhat resembling asbestos; found in Silesia [etc.]. 1896Chester Dict. Names Min., Picrolite,..a fibrous or columnar var. of serpentine.
1815Henry Elem. Chem. (ed. 7) II. 332 *Picromel. 1819J. G. Children Chem. Anal. 307 Picromel is obtained from bile. 1880J. W. Legg Bile 2 Thenard..obtained a body which he named picromel from its taste.
1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 642 *Picromerite, potassio-magnesic sulphate..crystallised from solutions of saline crusts. 1868Dana Min. 642.
1875von Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. III. 642 Picric acid in the form of *picronitrate of potassa and soda.
1823W. Phillips Min. (ed. 3) 178 The analysis..of *picropharmacolite has been published. 1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 387 Picropharmacolite from Riechelsdorf..is probably pharmacolite having the lime partly replaced by magnesia.
Ibid. 643 *Picrophyll,..from Sala in Sweden... It is perhaps an altered augite. 1868Dana Min. (ed. 5) 406 Pyrallolite..Picrophyll... These are names of pyroxene in different stages of alteration, between true pyroxene and either serpentine or steatite.
1825Haidinger tr. Moh's Min. III. 137 *Picrosmine. 1852C. U. Shepard Min. (ed. 3) 148 Picrosmine..[occurs] at the Greiner in Tyrol.
1893Syd. Soc. Lex., Picrotoxin..can be split up into the two bodies Picrotoxinin and *Picrotin.
1826Henry Elem. Chem. II. 305 *Picrotoxia,..name given to the acrid narcotic principle residing in the cocculus indicus.
1866Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 643 *Picrotoxic acid, the name given by Pelletier and Couerbe to picrotoxin, because it unites with metallic oxides.
1815Henry Elem. Chem. (ed. 7) II. 254 *Picrotoxine. 1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 147/1 Picrotoxin..is intensely bitter. 1878tr. von Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. XVII. 813 The first and most important step in the treatment of picrotoxin-poisoning. |