| 释义 |
pilo-|ˈpaɪləʊ|
combining form of L. pilus hair, as in piloˈcystic a.: see quot.; ˈpiloerection, the erection or bristling of hair or fur; ˈpiloerector, an agent that causes piloerection; pilo-ˈfatty a., in pilo-fatty cyst = pilocystic tumour; piloˈmotor a., applied to those nerves which produce movement of the hairs; more widely, involved in or pertaining to the movement of hair by bodily processes; also as n., a pilomotor nerve or muscle; piloˈnidal a. [L. nīd-us nest]: see quot.; pilo-seˈbaceous a., applied to sebaceous glands that open into hair-follicles.
1893Syd. Soc. Lex., *Pilocystic tumour, a dermoid cyst, so called because of its often containing hairs.
1938J. F. Fulton Physiol. Nervous Syst. xiii. 248 The most important mechanisms of heat production and preservation are shivering, mobilization of carbohydrate reserve, vasoconstriction, *piloerection, increase in heart rate, and elevation of metabolic activity. 1958Jrnl. Investigative Dermatol. XXX. 107/2 Injection of..epinephrine regularly produced ‘goose-flesh’ and piloerection. 1974Carlson & Hsieh in N. B. Slonim Environmental Physiol. iv. 67/2 Fur-bearing animals can greatly increase the insulation of their outer coat by piloerection. 1977Rumbaugh & Gill in D. M. Rumbaugh Language Learning by Chimpanzee ix. 175 Lana's response was to hoot with apparent agitation; she also displayed piloerection and a furrowed brow.
1946A. Kuntz Autonomic Nervous Syst. (ed. 3) xv. 327 Intracutaneous administration of acetylcholine..elicits strong fleeting *pilo-erector activity. 1965Jrnl. Investigative Dermatol. LXIV. 86/1 The vasoconstrictor and pilo⁓erector effect in man of noradrenaline was compared with those of..dopamine.
1847–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. 142/2 Teeth are frequently found in *pilo⁓fatty cysts.
1891Langley & Sherrington in Jrnl. Physiol. XII. 278 It will be convenient to have a short name for the nerve- fibres, stimulation of which causes contraction of the erectores pilorum. We shall call them ‘*pilo-motor’ fibres on the analogy of ‘vaso-motor’ fibres. 1892Ibid. XIII. 701 This class of fibres consists of the eye-fibres of the sympathetic. Langley has shewn this for cat and rabbit, and they often in monkey extend a segment higher than do the pilo⁓motors for the scalp. 1893Athenæum 18 Feb. 223/2 Observations upon Pilomotor Nerves. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 86 There are the waves of goose-skin passing over the body due to stimulation of the pilo-motor nerves. 1909Ibid. XXXVIII. 174 The paralysis of the pilo-motor mechanism is one of the..results of nerve section. 1927Ibid. LXIV. 98 Shallow incisions..through the layers which contain the insertions of the pilomotor muscles into the hair roots. 1932Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. CII. 30 The pilomotors reacted..to single shocks. 1948A. Brodal Neurol. Anat. xi. 394 The hypothalamus is probably concerned in integrating the activity of the pilomotors with other autonomic functions.
1880R. M. Hodges in Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. CIII. 486/1 For the development of this rather singular lesion, to which..I venture to give the name of *pilo-nidal (pilus, a hair, nidus, a nest) sinus, the following elements are necessary:—(1.) The presence of a congenital coccygeal dimple. (2.) Abundant pilous development...(3.) Insufficient attention to cleanliness. 1893Syd. Soc. Lex., Pilonidal sinus, a sinus occasionally found in the human subject as an abnormality, opening near the tip of the coccyx, and containing hair. 1956Lancet 15 Dec. 1244 An interdigital sinus behaves like a fistula-in-ano or a pilonidal sinus elsewhere... These pilonidal sinuses appear to be acquired and may be caused by loose hairs, foreign bodies, or inspissated secretions being drawn into small abrasions or acne pits in the skin. 1957S. L. Robbins Textbk. Path. xxx. 1186/2 Anatomically, these lesions consist sometimes of sinus tracts, pilonidal sinus, communicating with the surface through minute (probe diameter) pores; at other times well developed epidermal-lined cysts, pilonidal cyst, that may or may not communicate with the surface. 1964D. E. Smith in L. V. Ackerman Surg. Path. xxvi. 1063 In their simplest form pilonidal sinuses or cysts are tracts lined by epidermis that extend beneath the skin toward the dura.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 880 The orifices of the *pilo-sebaceous glands. |