| 释义 |
▪ I. restraint, n.|rɪˈstreɪnt|
Also 5–6 restraynt(e, 6 -strainte; 5 restreint(e, -streynt(e.
[a. OF. restrainte fem. (also restraint masc.), verbal n. f. restraindre to restrain.]
1. a. The action of restraining or checking a thing, operation, etc.; an instance of this, a stoppage. without restraint, freely, copiously.
c1400Commandm. Love x. in Stow's Chaucer (1561) 452 b, There let your pitie spred without restreinte. 1470–85Malory Arthur x. lxxxvi. 567 Thenne syr Tristram..made a restraynte of his anger. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. cxc. 193 In conclucyon a restreynt of warre was graunted. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 31 b, Somtyme happeneth a restraynt in the small guttes. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 190 b, The roote and the water thereof..is good against the..restraint of womens Purgations. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 240 The restraint of the money, not to be payed but vpon a testimony brought vnder our hands, was a good caution. 1671Gumble Life Monk 12 The great reason of God's restraint of his Blessing upon many of these worthy Endeavours. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest ii, Her tears flowed silently and fast. That she might indulge them without restraint, she went [etc.]. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. ii. 279 A bill for the restraint of the Press was brought into the House of Commons. 1878Abney Photogr. (1881) 68, 1 to 2 drops of this solution suffices to give sufficient restraint.
†b. A means of retaining, or controlling. Obs.—1
1695Kennett Par. Antiq. Gloss., Sera, a Lock or restraint of water on a river.
c. Something which restrains or holds in check; esp. head restraint, an attachment to the seat of a motor vehicle to prevent the head from jerking back suddenly.
1968Wall St. Jrnl. 5 Aug. 28/4 American Motors Corp. said it will make head restraints standard equipment on all 1969-model cars. 1972Times 28 Nov. 5/6 (Advt.), Both front seats recline, have sockets for optional head restraints. 1973Times 3 July 1/5 Technically, a head rest was purely for comfort, whereas a safety device for protecting the head was termed a head restraint. 1976Amer. Speech 1973 XLVIII. 207 There, if he should become violent, he is placed in restraints ‘straps’ in his room. 1980Times 29 Feb. 3 (Advt.), The seats are covered in crushed velour with head restraints at the rear as well as the front.
2. a. A means of restraining or checking persons from a course of action, or of keeping them under control; any force or influence which has a restraining effect; an instance of restraining or of being restrained.
1421–2Hoccleve Dialog 207 A bettar restreynte know I none fro vice. 1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 259 There was no restraint could hold them. 1625Bacon Ess., Marriage & Single Life, So sensible of euery restraint, as they will goe neare, to thinke their Girdles, and Garters, to be Bonds and Shackles. 1672Temple Ess., Gov. Wks. 1720 I. 97 All Government is a Restraint upon Liberty. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. 144 Where the laws of our country have laid them under necessary restraints. 1784Cowper Task vi. 49 He could now endure,..And feel a parent's presence no restraint. 1844Thirlwall Greece lxvi. VIII. 427 The insolence of Charops now began to break through every restraint. 1890Spectator 11 Jan., Subjected to the strong restraints of officers in a Queen's ship at sea.
b. Without article. Restraining action or influence, as applied to persons.
moral restraint: see moral a. 10 c.
1567Trial Treas. (1850) 24 So sharpe is this snaffell called restrainte That it maketh me sweate. 1611Bible Lev. xxiii. 36 It is a solemne assembly [marg. day of restraint]. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 87 Now Through all restraint broke loose he wings his way. Ibid. ix. 1184 Restraint she will not brook. 1729Butler Serm. Wks. 1874 II. 34 Neither is restraint by any means peculiar to one course of life. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 151 ⁋9 To the happiness of our first years nothing more seems necessary than freedom from restraint. 1820Shelley Œd. Tyr. i. 74 Moral restraint I see has no effect. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 179 Still less restraint was imposed by the government.
c. The state or condition of being restrained; esp. abridgement of liberty, confinement.
a1547Surrey in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 14 Thus I alone..In prison pyne, with bondage and restrainte. 1595Shakes. John iv. ii. 52 Th' infranchisement of Arthur, whose restraint Doth moue the murmuring lips of discontent [etc.]. 1663Butler Hudibras i. iii. 1017 'Tis not Restraint or Liberty That makes Men prisoners or free. 1676Dryden Aurengz. iii. i, Though Int'rest his Restraint has justify'd Can Life and to a Brother be deny'd? 1701De Foe Trueborn Eng. Misc. v. 21 Restraint from Ill, is Freedom to the Wise. 1766Fordyce Serm. Yng. Wm. (1767) II. xii. 191 Perpetual restraint is perpetual wretchedness. 1846Trench Mirac. Introd. (1862) 17 Continually we behold in the world around us lower laws held in restraint by higher. 1857Ruskin Two Paths v. 244 You will find..that it is his Restraint which is honourable to man, not his Liberty.
d. spec. (in above senses) with reference to the treatment of refractory prisoners or insane persons.
1829in Proc. Lincoln Asylum (1847) 22 The Governors have particularly directed their views to the subject of Coercion and Restraints. 1840Ibid. 37 Restraint rapidly weakens and depresses the vital powers of the unhappy victim. 1847Ibid. 28 note, Patients are frequently brought to this Asylum under distressing restraints.
attrib.1846State Lincoln Asylum 39 Restraint Rooms, Seclusion Rooms, Padded Rooms [etc.]. 1897‘E. L. Prescott’ Scarlet & Steel xxxviii, Restraint jacket. Made of No. 3 sail canvas, doubled and quilted with Dutch twine in squares of about four inches.
3.
†a. A prohibition. Obs.
1463Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 187 Any restraynt or ordenaunce made to the contrary nat wythstandyng. 1482Rolls of Parlt. VI. 222/2 A restreint was made that certein thyngs of Silkewerk..shuld not be brought into this Reame redy wrought. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 238 b, The seuenth commaundement..& the last of the x, in maner also doubleth the restraynt of thefte. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. i. 55 To force the sopeboilers (after they had procured a generall restrainte) to growe to composition with them.
b. An embargo. Usually restraint of princes.
1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxlviii. 317 This same yere was a restraynt of the wullys of Caleys made by the Soudyours. 1622Malynes Anc. Law-Merch. i. xxv. 150 Arrest, Restraints and Detainements of Kings and Princes. 1752Beawes Lex Mercat. Rediv. 244 Of Embargoes, or Restraint of Princes. 1769Molloy's De Jure Marit. (ed. 9) II. ii. vii. §7. 50 A Policy against Restraint of Princes, will not extend to Practices against the Laws of Countries. 1848Arnould Marine Insur. II. iii. i. 788 When the further prosecution of the voyage is rendered hopeless..by blockade,..and the voyage is accordingly wholly abandoned, that is a loss, by restraint of princes, within the policy.
c. restraint of trade.
1890Statutes at Large U.S.A. XXVI. 209 Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States..is hereby declared to be illegal. 1913Halsbury's Laws of Engl. XXVII. 532 Under the head of restraint of trade by statute come all those cases in which certain trades have been absolutely forbidden by Parliament. 1933Sutton & Shannon on Contracts xi. 164 A contract in restraint of trade is not contrary to public policy. 1941Economist 5 Apr. 437/2 The greater danger lies in the growing influence of what the common law knows (and used to condemn) as ‘agreements in restraint of trade’. 1973N.Y. Law Jrnl. 31 Aug. 1/5 The two-count indictment charged conspiracy in restraint of trade in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
4. Constraint; reserve.
1601Shakes. All's Well v. iii. 213 She knew her distance, and did angle for mee, Madding my eagernesse with her restraint. 1791Gouv. Morris in Sparks Life & Writ. (1832) I. 357, I find that there is much restraint and etiquette here. 1798Ferriar Illustr. Sterne, etc. ii. 41 He ventured to break through his restraint. 1819Shelley Cenci i. i. 60 One thing, I pray you, recollect henceforth, And so we shall converse with less restraint. 1877‘Rita’ Vivienne i. ii, We are reconciled again, but there is a restraint between us now.
†5. Restriction or limitation. Obs.
1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iii. xi. §6 The positive laws which Moses gave, they were given for the greatest part with restraint to the land of Jewry. 1597Ibid. v. lxxi. §1 This restraint of Easter to a certaine number of dayes. 1656Earl of Monmouth tr. Boccalini's Pol. Touchstone (1674) 281 The Patent of his admission..; with a restraint..that [etc.]. 1746Wesley Princ. Methodist 33 Before those words which you suppose to imply such a Restraint—were those spoken without any Restraint or Limitation at all.
▪ II. † reˈstraint, pa. pple. Obs. rare.
[a. F. restreint, † restraint, pa. pple. of restreindre to restrain.]
Restrained, restricted.
1444Rolls of Parlt. V. 115/2 That be this Act the punischement..in no wise be restreint. 1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) i. i, Y⊇ puyssaunce of god is not restraynt nor bounde. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 112 The nexte day this pyt or well wyll be as full as it was, yf it be not restreynt. 1555Eden Decades vii. (Arb.) 127 The libertie of free passage was restraynt. |