| 释义 |
piteous, a.|ˈpɪtiːəs|
Forms: see below.
[ME. pytos, pitous, a. OF. (12th c.) pitos, (13th c.) piteus, AF. pitous = Pr. pidos, pitos, Cat. piados, Sp. piadoso, OIt. piadoso (It. pietoso):—L. type *pietōs-us (med.L. in Du Cange), f. pietāt-em piety (cf. -itous). The regular phonetic form in mod. Eng. from Fr. would be pitous (from L. pietōsus); the β forms in -uous, -evous, -ewous, and γ forms in -ious, -yous, -eous appear to be Eng. developments, the former influenced by words historically in -uous, -ivous, or OE. adjs. in -wis; the latter app. conformed to the n. pité, pitie, pity. Cf. bounteous, dainteous, plenteous; also beauteous, courteous, righteous.]
A. Illustration of Forms.
(α) 3–4 pitos, pytos, 3–5 pitous, -e, 4 pitus, -e, (pytis, putus), 4–5 pytous, -e, pittows.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10087 He deide in a pitous cas. Ibid. 11395 Þat was a pitos dede. 13..Cursor M. 24014 (Cott.) Ful pitus it was þat plaint. c1350Will. Palerne 1180 He herd þe pytous pleint. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 116 With suche pitouse wordes. c1470Henry Wallace ii. 161 The playne compleynt, the pittows wementyng! 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 358/2 He was moche pytous.
(β) 3–5 pituos, 4 pituus, -uose, -uis, -uys, -wys, -evows, 4–5 pituous, -e, piteuous, -e, 5 pite-, pytevous, piti-, pityuous, pitteuous, pytewous, -e, pytewys, 5–6 pytuous, 5–6 (8) pituous, 6 pytuouse, -uose.
It is not clear whether the difference between -euous, -evous, -ewous, is merely graphical, nor whether u, v are here the vowel or the consonant.
a1300Cursor M. 24014 (Edin.) Ful pituus it was þat plaint. c1350Pitevows [see B. 2]. c1380Pituouse [see B. 1]. c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 106 For his pityuous doynges. c1420Chron. Vilod. st. 278 So mercyfull and so pytewys. 1422Pitteuous, piteuouse [see B. 1]. c1440York Myst. xlvi. 188 With pitevous playnte. 1442T. Beckington Corr. (Rolls) II. 189 Of your moost merciful and pituous grace. 1471Ripley Comp. Alch. Pref. i. in Ashm. Theat. Chem. Brit. (1652) 121 O pytewouse puryfyer of Soules. 1530Proper Dyaloge in Rede me, etc. (Arb.) 144 Their pituous supplicacyon. 1530Palsgr. 320/2 Pytuouse, one that hath pytie. 1538Starkey England ii. i. 176 Such pouerty exercysyth wel the pytuose myndys. 1738tr. Guazzo's Art Conversation 47 He began to groan and weep in a pituous manner.
(γ) 4–6 piteus, 4 pytius, 4– piteous, (5 pytyows, 5–6 pyteous, -e, piteose, 5–7 pitious, 6 pitiouse, pyti-, pitte-, pittious; pittieux). (Some early examples of piteus are perh. disyllabic and belong to α)
13..Cursor M. 24014 (Gött.) Ful piteus it was hir plaint. 1340Ayenb. 144 Þe oþer makeþ þe herte zuete and milde and piteus. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) x. 38 It es a piteous thing to behald. c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 222 Now..shewe your pyteous face. c1440Promp. Parv. 402/1 Pytyows, or ful of pyte (H. pytevous, P. pitiuous). c1489Caxton Blanchardyn iv. 19 Þe pyteouse tydynges. a1500in Rel. Ant. II. 125 In this piteose myscheffe. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxx. (Percy Soc.) 147 Without that she be to me piteous. 1552Huloet, Pitious and pitifull. 1556Aurelio & Isab. (1608) P j, You have beane a litell pittieux. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. vii. 20 Her pitteous hart. 1596Ibid. vii. vi. 6 O pittious worke of Mutability.
(δ) (Chiefly Sc.) 4 petwis, -owiss, 5 petwys, petouse, -ows, -evous, -uis, petus, -ious, -uoss, 5–6 petous, -eous, -e, 6 petouss, -eouss, -ewous, -ewus, -uous.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints i. (Petrus) 90 One crist callyt with petowiss stewyne. [1375Barbour Bruce iii. 553 Petwisly. c1420Chron. Vilod. ccclxxxiv, Petwysly.] c1420Lydg. Assembly of Gods 1144 With a peteous look. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 89 To be petous of poure men. c1450Holland Howlat 41, I herd ane petuoss appele. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 473, I am sa peteouse to the pur. a1520― Poems lxiv. 13 Quhois petewous [v.r. -ewus] deithe dois to my hart sic pane. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) xviii. 30 Makand ane petouss mone.
B. Signification.
†1. Full of piety; pious, godly, devout. Obs.
c1305[implied in piteously 1]. c1380Antecrist in Todd 3 Treat. Wyclif 120 Þe pituouse martir ȝyveþ his body. 1382Wyclif 2 Pet. ii. 9 The Lord knew for to delyuere pitouse [1388 piteuouse, Vulg. pios] men of temptacioun. c1393Chaucer Gentilesse 9 Truwe of his worde, sobur pitous and fre. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 138 That suche a Spekere by ryghtfull and Pitteuous. Ibid. 220 He shal be piteuouse, chaste, and lytill desyre company of women. 1570Levins Manip. 226/24 Pitiouse, pius, misericors.
2. Full of pity; affected with or feeling pity; compassionate, merciful, tender: = pitiful 2. arch.
c1350Will. Palerne 5488 So pitevows to þe pore hem prestili to help. 1390Gower Conf. III. 190 It sit a king to be pitous Toward his poeple and gracious. 1483Caxton G. de la Tour D iij b, A fre hert and pyteous upon other mens peynes. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. V 62 The kyng like a piteous prince..graunted to them their askyng. 1624Milton Ps. cxxxvi. 77 He hath with a piteous eye Beheld us in our misery. c1750Shenstone Elegies iii. 43 Piteous of woes, and hopeless to relieve.
3. Exciting, appealing for, or deserving pity; moving to compassion; affecting, lamentable, deplorable, mournful; = pitiful 3.
c1290[implied in piteously 3]. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4180 A deoluol cry & a pitos wepinge. 13..Cursor M. 14097 (Gött.) A pituse plaint to crist scho talde. 1390Gower Conf. I. 45, I.. caste up many a pitous lok Unto the hevene. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon ix. 225 The piteouse histori of the four sones of Aymon. 1508Dunbar Flyting w. Kennedy 163 To luk vpoun thy gryslie peteous port. 1535Coverdale 2 Macc. vi. 9 A piteous thinge was it to se. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. xx. 24 b, Too make report of these piteous newes vnto the assieged. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. 41 The pitious estate wherein we had left that place. 1782Cowper Gilpin 126 Down ran the wine into the road, Most piteous to be seen. 1871R. Ellis Catullus lxiv. 400 Lightly the son forgat his parents' piteous ashes. 1887Bowen Virg. æneid iii. 39 A piteous groan from within sounds.
b. as adv. = piteously 3.
c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 470 Ful petuose pale and no-thynge red. 1775S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. xlvii. (1783) II. 1 Compose thy griefs,..stop those tears; Cry not so piteous.
†4. Paltry, mean: = pitiful 4. Obs. rare.
1667Milton P.L. x. 1034 That thy Seed shall bruise The Serpents head; piteous amends, unless Be meant [etc.]. |