| 释义 |
plasmon|ˈplæzmɒn|
[f. plasma + -on1 (in sense 1 an arbitrary ending).]
†1. Also Plasmon. A proprietary name of a soluble proteinaceous extract of milk; used attrib. to designate various foodstuffs made with this, as Plasmon biscuit, plasmon chocolate, plasmon cocoa. Obs.
1900Daily Express 31 July 2/6 Plasmon is nothing more or less than milk dried after removing the cream and sugar. Ibid., The writer has found Plasmon chocolate a most useful preparation in cycling. 1901Daily Tel. 18 Mar. 11/6 (Advt.), Why Plasmon cocoa is a nourishing food. Ibid., Plasmon is the albumen of pure fresh milk in the form of a dry, soluble, granulated white powder. 1906Trade Marks Jrnl. 4 Apr. 477 Plasmon... Substances used as food or as ingredients in food. International Plasmon, Limited,..London,..food manufacturers. 1912G. W. E. Russell Afterthoughts xvi. 157 Miss Larkins sups on strong coffee and a cigarette, and Meakin on hot milk with a plasmon biscuit. 1915Galsworthy Freelands xxxvii. 335 Open your mouth and let me pop in one of these delicious little plasmon biscuits. They're perfect after travelling. 1921R. Whymper Cocoa & Chocolate (ed. 2) xxiv. 359 Plasmon cocoa..a powder containing added matter in the form of dried milk solids (approximately sixty parts milk solids to forty parts cocoa powder). Ibid. 360 Plasmon, which was regarded as a soluble form of milk proteid, is rendered to some extent insoluble when added to cocoa. 1922[see hoosh n.]. 1935E. A. Knox Reminisc. Octogenarian x. 194 One of our side stole out during the debate, and fetched some ‘Plasmon’ biscuits. 1946O. Sitwell Scarlet Tree iii. iii. 48 He had..altogether lost touch with his teeth, being confined by his doctor to a total diet of Plasmon biscuits, a health food.
2. Genetics. Also -one. [a. G. plasmon (F. von Wettstein 1927, in Nachr. von der Ges. der Wissensch. zu Göttingen (Math.-Physik. Klasse) 259).] The totality of cytoplasmic, or of extra-nuclear, genetic factors.
1932Proc. 6th Internat. Congr. Genetics II. 281 The abnormal development of chlorophyll (pale color) may be caused by a non-Mendelian nuclear or cytoplasmic factor or by a certain state of the genome or plasmon. 1954,1965[see plastome]. 1970T. Dobzhansky Genetics Evolutionary Process x. 345 The plasmon of E[pilobium] luteum has retained its properties despite having carried an E. hirsutum genome for several generations. 1973K. Mather Genetical Structure of Populations ii. 6 Together with the nuclear genotype, the plasmon can play its part in the process of adaptation especially..in the building up of barriers to crossing. 1976Bell & Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. 401 Plastome and plasmone mutations have been insufficiently studied..but their importance for evolution should not be underestimated.
3. Astr. and Physics. = plasmoid.
1955W. Bostick Anat. of Plasmons (U.S. Atomic Energy Comm., Rep. UCRL-4530) 2 Plasmons (plasma-magnetic entities) are toroidal packages of plasma wrapped up in their own magnetic fields. 1963Soviet Astron.—AJ VI. 471/2 If the ‘plasmons’ ejected by the ‘active’ nuclei of radio galaxies experience no deceleration, the age of sources similar to Centaurus A and Fornax A will not exceed 108 years. 1971R. C. Haymes Introd. Space Sci. xv. 447 The jet [of the galaxy M87] appears to be composed of a group of irregular concentrations of plasma, called ‘plasmons’ by some. 1974Nature 23 Aug. 629/2 Christiansen has shown that a plasmon can travel a distance D = M/(π × 1·67 × 10-24 ns r2) before dispersing. Here M is the mass of the plasmon, r its radius and ns the number density of the gas surrounding the component.
4. Physics. The quantum or quasiparticle associated with a collective oscillation of charge density.
1956D. Pines in Rev. Mod. Physics XXVIII. 184/1 The valence electrons in the solid..are capable of carrying out collective oscillations at a high frequency... The valence electron collective oscillations resemble closely the electronic plasma oscillations observed in gaseous discharges. We introduce the name ‘plasmons’ to describe the quantum of elementary excitation associated with this high-frequency collective motion. 1966C. Kittel Introd. Solid State Physics (ed. 3) viii. 233 It is possible to excite a plasmon by passing an electron through a thin metallic film..or by reflecting an electron from the film. The reflected or transmitted electron will show an energy loss equal to integral multiples of the plasmon energy. 1972F. Wooten Optical Properties of Solids ix. 220 The bulk plasmons we have considered so far are purely longitudinal. They cannot couple to transverse electromagnetic waves. However, at the surface of a solid an oscillation of surface charge density fluctuations is possible. These surface plasmons exist in a number of modes. 1976J. Kleczek Universe ii. 71 A plasmon is a quantum of plasma waves, just as photons are quanta of electro-magnetic radiation. |