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Platonic, a. and n.|pləˈtɒnɪk|
[ad. L. Platōnicus, a. Gr. Πλατωνικός, f. Πλάτων Plato: see -ic. Cf. F. Platonique (16th c. in Godef.).]
A. adj.
1. a. Of or pertaining to Plato, a famous philosopher of ancient Greece (b.c. c 429–c 347), or his doctrines; conceived or composed after the manner of Plato.
1533Elyot (title) Of that Knowledge, whiche maketh a wise Man. A disputation Platonike. 1638Wilkins New World i. (1684) 173 'Twas an Old Platonick Principle, that there is in some part of the World such a place where Men might be Plentifully Nourished, by the Air they Breath. 1697Evelyn Numism. vii. 235 More like a Platonic Notion. 1833J. H. Newman Arians i. iii. (1876) 39 That comprehensive philosophy, which was reduced to system about the beginning of the third century, and then went by the name of the New Platonic, or Eclectic. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 240 The Ion, like the other earlier Platonic Dialogues. 1884tr. Lotze's Logic 435 The Platonic expression Idea is usually rendered Universal conception.
b. Of a person: Holding or maintaining the doctrines of Plato; that is a follower of Plato.
a1654Selden Table-T. (Arb.) 53 The first Christians many of them were Platonick Philosophers. 1831I. Taylor Pref. Ess. to Edwards' Freed. Will iii. 50 Commencing with the Platonic fathers, and ending with the last writers on both sides of the Calvinistic controversy.
c. Appositive, as Platonic-Christian adj., both Platonic and Christian, of or pertaining to Christianity influenced by or fused with Platonism.
1933A. N. Whitehead Adventures of Ideas iii. 40 In the hands of theologians..the Platonic-Christian tradition leant heavily towards its mystical religious side. 1948L. Spitzer Linguistics & Lit. Hist. 55 To Dante, all dialects appeared as inferior..realizations of a Platonic-Christian ideal pattern of language. 1960Encounter Feb. 49/1 This is at the root of the Platonic-Christian (or religious) tradition.
2. a. Applied to love or affection for one of the opposite sex, of a purely spiritual character, and free from sensual desire. Also of affection for one of the same sex. Hence in various allusive applications. (Now usu. with lower-case initial.)[Amor platonicus was used synonymously with amor socraticus by Ficinus (the Florentine Marsilio Ficino, 1433–99), president of Cosmo de' Medici's Accademia Platonica, to denote the kind of interest in young men with which Socrates was credited: cf. the last few pages of Plato's Symposium. As thus originally used, it had no reference to women. (Prof. I. Bywater.)] 1631B. Jonson New Inne iii. ii. sig. E5v, Most Socratick Lady! Or, if you will Ironick! gi' you ioy O' you Platonick loue here. 1636Davenant (title) The Platonic Lovers. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) vi. 203 The Court affords little news at present, but that ther is a love, call'd Platonick love, which much swayes there of late. It is a love..[that] consists in contemplation and idæas of the mind, not in any carnall fruition. 1651Stanley (title) A Platonick Discourse Upon Love. Written in Italian by John Picus Mirandula. 1678Norris Coll. Misc. (1699) 355 Platonic Love is the Love of Beauty abstracted from all sensual Applications, and desire of Corporal Contact. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. lxxviii. 438, I am convinced, and always was, that Platonic love is Platonic nonsense. c1805Jane Austen Lady Susan (1954) x. 258 We are advancing now towards some kind of confidence, and in short are likely to be engaged in a kind of platonic friendship. 1857Lewes Biograph. Hist. Philos. 195 Love is the longing of the Soul for Beauty; the inextinguishable desire which like feels for like, which the divinity within us feels for the divinity revealed to us in Beauty. This is the celebrated Platonic Love, which, from having originally meant a communion of two souls, and that in a rigidly dialectical sense, has been degraded to the expression of maudlin sentiment between the sexes. 1862Gen. P. Thompson in Bradford Advertiser 8 Mar. 6/1 As well might be said that Tories of the olden time only fought for..a Platonic love for rotten boroughs. 1905‘A. Cambridge’ (title) A platonic friendship. Ibid. v. 67 What is known as a platonic friendship is generally nothing of the kind. 1919G. B. Shaw Heartbreak House ii. 87 Hector... What do you get by it? Are you her lover? Randall. You must not misunderstand me. In a higher sense— Hector. Psha! Platonic sense! She makes you her servant; and when pay-day comes round, she bilks you: that is what you mean. 1924‘W. Fabian’ Sailors' Wives vii. 94 ‘You're taking a lot of notice of that dangerous young person, old bean,’ remarked Dorr lightly. ‘Platonic, purely. Couldn't well be anything else for a man with my prospects.’ 1925C. Connolly Let. 14 May in Romantic Friendship (1975) 78, I think I care more for Maurice than anyone else here—and the fact that such affection can be nothing but platonic enhances it, if anything. 1928A. Huxley Point Counter Point xiii. 232 He had such a pure, childlike and platonic way of going to bed with women, that neither they nor he ever considered that the process really counted as going to bed. 1957J. Braine Room at Top vii. 64 ‘Teddy wouldn't understand. Our relationship is strictly platonic.’ ‘Yes, I understand,’ Teddy said, putting his arm round June's waist. ‘I'm trying to take June on a platonic weekend. Of course, it'll be too bad if she has a platonic baby.’ 1975A. Price Our Man in Camelot v. 76 ‘Sharing a bedroom with a strange man in the line of duty. Kind of special relationship.’ ‘Special platonic relationship.’
b. Feeling or professing platonic love.
1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 163 The Mother-in-Law of Forestus, a fruitfull woman, would not match her daughters to Platonique men. 1709Steele Tatler No. 32 ⁋3 This Order of Platonick Ladies are to be dealt with in a peculiar Manner from all the rest of the Sex. 1872Morley Voltaire 43 She had ridiculed the pedantical women and platonic gallants of the Hôtel Rambouillet as the Jansenists of love.
3. a. Platonic bodies (Geom.): a name for the five regular solids (tetrahedron, cube, octahedron, dodecahedron, icosahedron). Now also called Platonic solids.
[1571: see platonical 3] .a1696Scarburgh Euclid (1705) 282 The five Platonick Bodies, so much fam'd, Pythagoras first found, Plato explain'd; Euclide on them Immortal Glory gain'd. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Platonick Bodies. See Regular Bodies. 1745E. Stone Euclid's Elements (ed. 2) II. p. xxiv, The thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth Books entertain us with curious and useful Speculations, relating to the five regular or platonick Bodies, in Regard to which, as Proclus tells us, Euclid compiled the whole Body of the Elements, the Platonicks having had them in wonderful Esteem. 1873J. Booth Treat. Some New Geom. Methods I. p. xi, That the principle of Duality should not have been discovered by the great geometers of Ancient Greece is the more remarkable, as the five regular solids, the Platonic bodies as they were called, were with them a favourite subject of speculation. 1917H. E. Dudeney Amusements in Math. 70/2 The icosahedron is another of the five regular, or Platonic, bodies having all their sides, angles, and planes similar and equal. 1952Cundy & Rollett Math. Models iii. 70 The so-called Platonic solids..form the first and simplest group of polyhedra. 1952G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. xvii. 439 If the regular solids are restricted to five, those five bodies (later called the Platonic bodies) must each have some definite meaning. 1971M. J. Wenninger Polyhedron Models i. 19 The dodecahedron is in some ways the most attractive of the five Platonic solids.
b. Platonic year: a cycle imagined by some ancient astronomers, in which the heavenly bodies were supposed to go through all their possible movements and return to their original relative positions (after which, according to some, all events would recur in the same order as before); sometimes identified with the period of revolution of the equinoxes (about 25800 years: see precession).
1639Fuller Holy War v. xxviii. 278 Except the Platonick yeare, turning the wheel of all actions round about, bring the spoke of his Holy warre back again. 1658Phillips, Platonick Year, i. the space of 36000 years. 1684T. Burnet The. Earth ii. 149 Call'd the Platonick year, as if Plato had been the first author of that opinion; but that's a great mistake. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Platonic year, or the great year, is..the space wherein the stars and constellations return to their former places, in respect of the equinoxes. The Platonic year, according to Tycho Brahe, is 25816; according to Ricciolus 25920; according to Cassini 24800 years. 1867–77G. F. Chambers Astron. Voc. Defin. 919. 1922 W. B. Yeats Seven Poems 23 Are not those who travel in the whirling dust also in the Platonic Year?
B. n. [Cf. F. Platonique (1486 in Godef. Compl.).]
†1. A follower of Plato: a Platonist. Obs.
1605Timme Quersit. i. ii. 6 The Platonicks called the same the soule of the worlde. 1609Bible (Douay) Comm. II. 1001 Platonikes or Academikes conceived more of God, and pure spirites, but thought both corporal and spiritual creatures were coeternal with God. 1707in Hearne Collect. 13 June (O.H.S.) II. 20 The Primitive Fathers were Platonicks in their comments upon the Scriptures. 1758E. Carter tr. Epictetus Introd., The Platonics.. do yet, with the Stoics, constantly maintain fate.
2. A platonic lover (see A. 2 b). ? Obs.
a1658Cleveland Gen. Poems, etc. (1677) 157 Sure at this Grate those Chrisom Lovers, call'd Platonicks, had their first Training. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull i. viii, Very pretty, indeed! A wife must never go abroad with a Platonic to see a play or a ball! 1757E. Griffith Lett. Henry & Frances (1767) II. 291 Till they dwindle into that stage of life, when, and when only, lovers become Platonics indeed.
3. (Usually pl.) Platonic love; the acts or doings of a platonic lover.
1800M. Edgeworth Belinda xvii, Are they out o' the horn-book of platonics yet? 1836F. Mahony Rel. Father Prout (1859) 76 That was attributed to a sort of Platonic he felt for the fascinating Donna Maria da Gloria. 1923R. Macaulay Told by Idiot i. 11 To Vicky a young man was a young man, and no platonics about it. 1937‘M. Innes’ Hamlet, Revenge! ii. vi. 173 It is one of those affairs that are laced with long-term platonics. |