| 释义 |
-ard, suffix
a. OF. -ard, -art, a. German -hart, -hard, ‘hardy,’ often forming part of personal names as OHG. Regin-hart Raynard, Ebur-hart Everard; also in MHG. and Dutch a formative of common nouns, generally pejorative, whence adopted in the Rom. langs. Used in Fr. as masculine formative, intensive, augmentative, and often pejorative, cf. bastard, couard, canard, mallard, mouchard, vieillard. It appeared in ME. in words from OFr., as bastard, coward, mallard, wizard, also in names of things, as placard, standard (flag); and became at length a living formative of English derivatives, as in buzzard, drunkard, laggard, sluggard, with sense of ‘one who does to excess, or who does what is discreditable.’ In some words it has taken the place of an earlier -ar, -er of the simple agent, as in bragger, braggar, braggard, stander, standard (tree). In some it is now written -art, as braggart; in cockade, orig. cockard, corrupted to -ade. |