| 释义 |
Polaroid|ˈpəʊlərɔɪd|
Also polaroid.
[Proprietary name.]
A. n.
1. a. A material which in the form of thin sheets produces a high degree of plane polarization in light passing through it.
1936Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 26 May 760/1 Sheet Polarizer Company, Inc., Union City, N.J... Polaroid for composite material comprising suspensions of crystalline particles in a light-transmitting medium adapted to be used in connection with optical devices such as microscope eye-pieces, glare eliminators,..gem testers, and the like. Claims use since Nov. 19, 1935. 1936Nature 22 Aug. 312/2 Another [firm] manufactures ophthalmic instruments employing Polaroid. 1937Ann. Reg. 1936 ii. 65 Land (Nature, Aug. 22) developed a new device for producing plane polarised light. Available commercially under the name Polaroid it consisted of a layer of ultramicroscopic needle-shaped crystals of herapathite..oriented with their axes parallel on a cellulose film. 1940Trade Marks Jrnl. 5 June 562/2 Polaroid... Materials specially prepared for use in the polarization of light. Polaroid Corporation.., Dover, State of Delaware, United States of America; manufacturers. 1942Chem. Abstr. XXXVI. 2183 By use of film polarizers, e.g., polaroid, the expense is small. 1946F. Schneider Qualitative Organic Microanalysis iv. 119 The sections of Polaroid are cut so that their planes of polarization include an angle of approximately 5° when the segments are mounted in place with a slight overlap. 1949H. C. Weston Sight, Light & Efficiency iv. 133 If they are placed between two thin plates of polaroid, or between crossed Nicol prisms, so that the light passing through them is polarised, the presence of strain is shown by the formation of a coloured pattern due to double refraction by the strained glass. 1956Nature 3 Mar. 434/1 A cylindrical unit..is formed by cementing a calcite crystal between two pieces of ‘Polaroid’. 1976Nature 19 Aug. 709/2 All stimuli were plane polarised by a 60-cm diameter rotatable disk of polaroid positioned between the screen and the eye.
b. A piece of ‘Polaroid’.
1955Physical Rev. XCIX. 1694/1 The action on polarized light of the rotating λ/2 plate followed by a polaroid is to produce an interruption of the light at four times the rotation frequency. 1967H. von Klüber in J. N. Xanthakis Solar Physics ix. 261 For nearly all analysers used in the detection of such inverse Zeeman effects—such as polaroids, double-splitting crystals, quarter- or half-wave plates, etc.—the result..is just the same as in the emission case. 1976Nature 11 Mar. 155/1 The relative intensities of the red and green components could then be varied by rotating a Polaroid interposed in the common beam.
2. pl. Sunglasses containing ‘Polaroid’.
[1942Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 20 Oct. 463/1 Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge, Mass... Polaroid..for viewing devices—namely, filters, lenses, eyeglasses, and goggles. Claims use..on eyeglasses since July, 1936; and on goggles since December, 1937.] 1959C. MacInnes Absolute Beginners 163 The water sparkling so that I had on my Polaroids. 1959New Statesman 19 Sept. 354/2 The light..beat back from the limestone with a spectral, otherworldly intensity that polaroids only served to accentuate. 1967H. Hunter Case for Punishment i. 17 Cummings..was sporting a pair of heavy, black-rimmed spectacles. Inspector Shade had acquired a pair of green-tinted Polaroids. 1972Country Life 23 Mar. 697/3 That afternoon my wife, wearing Polaroids, stationed herself opposite their lie and watched to see their reactions.
3. a. A kind of camera which develops the negative and produces a positive print within a short time of the exposure's being made.
1961A. Gordon Cipher (1962) iv. 58 How about a nice picture, sir?.. I use a Polaroid... I'll have a print for you in a minute. 1966H. B. Taylor Triumvirate xxxi. 168, I took a couple of pictures with my Polaroid, chatted a little. 1968[see Long Tom 5]. 1977N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 June 25/4 From the first Kodak, when it took weeks before a developed roll of film was returned to the amateur photographer, to the Polaroid, which ejects the image in a few seconds.
b. A photograph produced by such a camera.
1972D. Marlowe Do You remember England? iv. 57 All I got out of it were two Polaroids of her. 1975New Yorker 19 May 12/3 (Advt.), Large toned prints of an abstract character. Manipulated color Polaroids of bizarre activities. 1977Rolling Stone 13 Jan. 22/2 Grace snapped a couple of Polaroids for the wedding album.
B. attrib.
1. Applied to the polarizing material (see A. 1) and articles in which it is employed.
1936Nature 22 Aug. 312/2 It is by some such means described by Land that the Polaroid Corporation of Boston, U.S.A., has succeeded in manufacturing the ‘Polaroid’ sheets of polarizing material now on the market. Ibid., One firm supplies Polaroid analysers and polarizers for the microscope. Ibid. 313/2 The details of reflecting objects can be seen more clearly through Polaroid films. 1951Electronic Engin. XXIII. 10/2 The images.., plane polarized in mutually perpendicular directions by polaroid film, are superposed by a semi-reflecting mirror and are viewed through polaroid spectacles. 1954Ann. Reg. 1953 365 Stereoscopic films viewed through polaroid spectacles were no novelty. 1958Woman 9 Aug. 14/2 Polaroid sun-shield. 1961E. N. Cameron Ore Microsc. ii. 20 The polarizer is a polaroid plate or a calcite prism. 1962L. S. Sasieni Optical Dispensing xiii. 326 And Polaroid lenses are used as plano protective lenses (sun⁓glasses), or as sighted lenses to prescription. 1965Wireless World July 340/2 Many of the digital instruments..incorporate polaroid filters to reduce reflected light.
2. Applied to a type of camera and photographs taken with it (see A. 3).
1963L. Deighton Horse under Water xxxv. 136 Two armed policemen..photographed me with a Polaroid camera and filed the photo. 1965H. C. Shands in J. H. Masserman Sci. & Psychoanalysis VIII. 135 The final ‘discovery’ in science is more like a cooperative collage than it is like a two-second Polaroid snapshot. 1973C. Sagan Cosmic Connection (1975) xv. 109 Page 100 shows a Polaroid photo of the video-monitor image of Phobos. 1976Early Music IV. 451/1 Polaroid cameras produce a result very fast, but only the most sophisticated models provide a negative so that duplicate prints and enlargements are usually unobtainable. 1976A. Grey Bulgarian Exclusive iv. 30 Two polaroid colour photographs of a dark-haired man. |