| 释义 |
predicable, a. and n.|ˈprɛdɪkəb(ə)l|
[a. F. prédicable adj. and n. (1582 in Hatz.-Darm.), or ad. L. prædicābilis; in med.L. that may be affirmed, predicable, neut. prædicābile, pl. -bilia, as n. (in Lambert of Auxerre, Petrus Hispanus, and Albertus Magnus, 13th c.), whence B.; f. L. prædicāre to predicate: see -able.]
A. adj. That may be predicated or affirmed; capable of being asserted.
1598Florio, Predicabile, predicable. 1667Waterhouse Fire Lond. 51 Made that predicable of London which Florus writes of Samnium. 1722Wollaston Relig. Nat. v. 73 It will always be predicable of him, that he was the doer of it. c1730A. Baxter Enq. Nat. Soul vii. §18. 320 A thing that hath solidity, figure, &c., as properties belonging to it, or predicable concerning it, must be a solid, figured thing. 1842Abp. Thomson Laws Th. §69 (1860) 11 Predicable classes, or classes of conceptions which can stand as predicates. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. iii. xii, A people of whom great good is predicable. 1884tr. Lotze's Metaph. 142 All relations which can be discovered between the two are predicable of them on exactly the same footing.
B. n. In general sense: That which may be predicated.
1785Reid Intell. Powers v. i. (1803) II. 110 A predicable therefore signifies the same thing as an attribute. 1837Hallam Hist. Lit. I. i. iv. §79. 322 This method appears to be only an artificial disposition..of subjects and predicables, according to certain distinctions. 1906Joseph Introd. Logic iv. 54 A predicable is merely that which can be predicated: viz. that which is universal, not an individual; all kinds, qualities, states, relations, etc., are predicable, and they are universal, because they may be exemplified in and belong to more than one individual subject.
b. spec. in Aristotelian Logic (in pl., tr. Gr. κατηγορικά): The classes or kinds of predicates viewed relatively to their subjects, to one or other of which classes every predicated thing may be referred; second intentions of predicates considered in relation to subjects.
Of these relations Aristotle (Topica i. iv, v) recognized four, viz. genus (γένος), definition (ὅρος), property (ἴδιον), accident (συµβεβηκός). Under genus he made the subdivision of difference (διαϕορά). The list was subsequently modified by Porphyry and by the early Schoolmen, by the omission of definition, and addition of species (εἴδος), giving the ‘Five Predicables’, genus, species, difference, property, accident.
1551T. Wilson Logike 3 b, I begin with the predicables because they shewe how much every word doth comprehend in it selfe. Ibid., They be called predicables because some one thing is spoken of an other. 1656Blount Glossogr. s.v., In Logick there are five Predicables, otherwise called Porphyries five terms. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. vii, The essence of spirituality may be referred to the second predicable. 1864Bowen Logic v. 112 In his analysis of Judgments, Aristotle was led to consider how many kinds of Predicates there are, when viewed relatively to their Subjects; in other words, to determine the Second Intentions of Predicates considered in relation to Subjects. Thus was formed his celebrated doctrine of the Predicables..which was considerably modified, but not improved, by his followers, Porphyry and the Schoolmen. 1906Joseph Introd. Logic iv. 92 The Porphyrian list of predicables substitutes Species for Definition. But that difference implies a change in the point of view. Ibid. 96 It would be well to abandon the Porphyrian list of predicables in favour of the Aristotelian.
c. In the philosophy of Kant: see quot.
1902Baldwin's Dict. Philos. II. 325/2 Kant undertook to set up his own ‘predicables of the pure understanding’, which were to be derivative conceptions under the categories.
Hence ˈpredicableness (1727 in Bailey, vol. II); ˈpredicably adv.
1727–41Chambers Cycl., Predicably, prædicabiliter, is used in the schools in opposition to predicamentally.—Thus, matter is said to be united to form predicably, or per accidens; to exclude the notion of a predicamental accident. |