| 释义 |
premunition|priːmjuːˈnɪʃən|
[ad. late L. præmūnītiōn-em, n. of action f. præmūnīre to fortify or protect in front, f. præ, pre- A. 4 c + mūnīre to fortify, defend. In med.L. præ-, pre- ‘before’ was referred to time, and the verb confounded with præmonēre to warn beforehand, so that with the form of præmunīre it had the sense of præmonēre; whence the n. præmunire, and sense 2 here (the earlier use in English).]
1. The action of fortifying or guarding beforehand; a previous securing of immunity against attack or danger; a forearming. Now rare.
1607Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. i. iv. 177 We premise these two prouisoes and premunitions for our selues. 1622S. Ward Life of Faith in Death (1627) 49 Let mee tell thee præuision is the best preuention, and præmonition the best præmunition. 1874H. N. Hudson Wordsw. i. (1884) 7 (Funk) That issue was to be forestalled by timely premunition.
2. Used, by confusion, in the sense of premonition. (The earlier use). Obs. exc. as in quot. 1875, referring to præmunientes: cf. next.
[1389Rolls of Parlt. III. 267/1 Soit tiel conviction ou atteindre envers luy par Brief de Premunition.] 1456Cov. Leet Bk. (E.E.T.S.) 296 That all the churche-wardens..be redy to accompt ȝerely aftur premunicion made vnto theym. 1546Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 62 Upoun the premunitioun of xxtj dayis to compeir befoir thaim. 1629Lynde Via Tuta 49 Letters of aduertisement or premunition were written..and were sent by the Orthodox Bishops and Pastors to other parts and sound Members of the Catholique Church. 1693R. Fleming Disc. Earthquakes 103 An experimental Knowledge of the Truth of Divine Premunitions, when it's too late..will be very sad. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. xv. II. 195 The whole body of beneficed clergy..was organised by Edward I as a portion of his parliament, by the clause of premunition inserted in the writ of summons addressed to the bishops.
3. Med. [ad. F. prémunition (E. Sergent et al. 1924, in Bull. de la Soc. de Path. exotique XVII. 38).] (The production of) a resistance to disease due to the presence of the causative agent in the host in a harmless or tolerated state.
[1924Tropical Dis. Bull. XXI. 492 For absolute immunity the distinguishing term proposed is ‘immunity’..and for relative immunity, ‘premunition’ brought about by a process of ‘premunition’, with corresponding verb. (Unfortunately English words corresponding with ‘premunition’ and ‘premunir’ do not at present exist.)] 1934T. W. M. Cameron Internal Parasites of Domestic Animals iv. 218 In..premunition, removal of the latent infection may permit of re-infection. 1951G. Lapage Parasitic Animals vii. 205 Some experts believe that the greater resistance of the negro race to human malarial parasites..is really premunition. 1971P. C. C. Garnham Progress in Parasitol. vi. 101 Host and parasite eventually settle down together in the state of premunition. 1975Tropical Animal Health & Production VII. 125 (heading) The premunition of adult cattle against Babesiosis. |