| 释义 |
retroˈduction
a. (See quots. 1656, 1786.)
b. In Philos., a type of logical reasoning that develops from some commonly accepted proposition until reasons are found that may alter the acceptance or understanding of the original proposition (see quot. a 1914).
1656Blount Glossogr., Retroduction, a bringing, leading or drawing back. 1786J. Pinkerton Anc. Scotish Poems I. p. xxxiii, The poor man [sc. Walter Goodall] was writing a retroduction to Fordun. a1914C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1931) I. 28 There are in science three fundamentally different kinds of reasoning, Deduction.., Induction..and Retroduction (Aristotle's ἀπαγωγή, but misunderstood because of corrupt text, and as misunderstood usually translated abduction). Ibid. 29 Retroduction is the provisional adoption of a hypothesis, because every possible consequence of it is capable of experimental verification, so that the persevering application of the same method may be expected to reveal its disagreement with facts. 1939Mind XLVIII. 378 In discussing ‘the leap of the mind from data to hypothesis’ he makes no reference to C. S. Peirce's Retroduction. 1958N. R. Hanson Patterns of Discovery 217 Retroductions do not always lead to syntheses like those of Newton, Clerk Maxwell, Einstein and Dirac. They sometimes show the first chink in the old armour. 1965P. Caws Philos. of Sci. xxxii. 243 This is the essential ingredient in what Peirce called retroduction, the intuitive jump from observed facts to hypotheses about them. 1976C. Selltiz et al. Res. Methods Social Relations (ed. 3) ii. 32 In the process of determining explanations for observed events, social scientists often reason from conclusions to reasons for conclusions. We call this inference process retroduction, in contrast with deduction and induction. In retroduction, we try to think of plausible reasons why some event could have occurred in an attempt to construct an explanation of why the event did occur.
Also retroˈductive a., pertaining to or characterized by retroduction; retroˈductively adv.
a1914C. S. Peirce Coll. Papers (1932) II. 491 Induction..is manifestly adequate, with the aid of retroduction and of deductions from retroductive suggestions, to discovering any regularity. 1958N. R. Hanson Patterns of Discovery iv. 86 H cannot be retroductively inferred until its content is present in 2. 1974P. Achinstein in F. Suppe Struct. Sci. Theories 357 Retroductive or explanatory reasoning..is reasoning falling under the logic of discovery, whereas deductive reasoning from established theories is reasoning falling under the logic of justification. 1976C. Selltiz et al. Res. Methods Social Relations (ed. 3) ii. 32 An example of retroductive reasoning appears in a study of the decline in trust in the national government during the last decade. |