| 释义 |
▪ I. ˈretroflex, a.
[ad. mod. or med.L. retroflex-us, pa. pple. of retroflectĕre.]
1. Bot. (See quots.)
1776J. Lee Introd. Bot. Explan. Terms 381 Retroflexi, retroflex, bending backward and forward towards the Trunk. 1793Martyn Lang. Bot. (1796), Retroflexus, retroflex... Bending this way and that, in different directions, usually in a distorted manner.
2. Phonetics. Pronounced with the tongue curled back; cacuminal.
1915[see cacuminal a.]. 1932D. Jones Outl. Eng. Phonetics (ed. 3) xxv. 199 Retroflex sounds (also called ‘cerebral’, ‘cacuminal’ or ‘inverted’ sounds) are those in the formation of which the tip of the tongue is curled upwards towards the hard palate. 1942Amer. Speech: Reprints & Monogr. No. 4. 41 This sound is generally clearly retroflex in the Great Smokies, as in most American speech. It is heard in such words as the following: Birch, bird, birth, Burchfield, burn. 1964B. Honikman in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 78 The frequent retroflex consonants in the languages of India and Pakistan are produced with the tongue curled back. 1973J. C. Wells Jamaican Pronunc. in London 128 Dentals, alveolars, retroflex sounds, and palato-alveolars. 1977Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. 1974 LXI/LXII 36 Again, the retroflex mid-central vowel comes from different speakers.
▪ II. ˈretroflex, v.
[Back-formation from retroflexed a.]
trans. and intr. To turn or fold back. So ˈretroflexing ppl. a.
1898H. C. Porter tr. Strasburger's Text-bk. Bot. 396 The male branches give rise..to spherical stalked antheridia, which open at the apices by means of retroflexing valves. 1934Webster, Retroflex, v.i., to turn or bend backward. 1954S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 12) xxiii. 405 A large corneal section is made as for cataract.., the cornea retroflexed by traction on the suture, and a triangular piece of iris more deliberately excised. |