| 释义 |
prosthetic, a. and n. pl.|prɒsˈθɛtɪk|
[ad. mod.L. *prosthetic-us, ad. Gr. προσθετικός of the nature of addition, giving additional power, f. πρόσθετος added, vbl. adj. of προστιθέναι: see prec. and -ic. Cf. F. prosthétique.]
A. adj.
1. Gram. Pertaining to, or of the nature of prosthesis; prefixed, as a letter or syllable.
1837G. Phillips Syriac Gram. 60 Some verbs are found to have Olaph prosthetic. 1852Proc. Philol. Soc. V. 145 A prosthetic s in the Norwegian skrucke, to shrink. 1859Max Müller Sc. Lang. (1873) II. 291 Prosthetic vowels are very common in Greek before certain double consonants. 1875P. Le P. Renouf Egypt. Gram. 63 The prosthetic use of a is not confined to words beginning with two consonants.
2. Surg. Pertaining to or of the nature of prosthesis: see prec. 2.
1902Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 July 180/1 The history of operative and prosthetic dentistry. 1966Lancet 31 Dec. 1447/1 Prosthetic valve replacement avoids this complication, but a mechanical valve cannot grow with the patient. 1977C. Sagan Dragons of Eden viii. 205 Perhaps some day it will be possible to add a variety of cognitive and intellectual prosthetic devices to the brain—a kind of eyeglasses for the mind.
3. Biochem. Applied to a non-protein group forming part of or combined with a protein, e.g. in an enzyme. [This sense is due to A. Kossel (1892), who used G. prosthetisch (Arch. f. Anat. u. Physiol. (Physiol. Abt.) (1893) 157).]
1898J. A. Mandel tr. Hammarsten's Text-bk. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 2) ii. 48 The nucleoproteids..may be considered as combinations of a proteid nucleus with a side chain, which Kossel calls the prostetic [changed to prosthetic in ed. 4 (1904)] group. 1932Science 10 June 615/2 It is of fundamental importance to decide whether the activity of insulin is a function of the whole molecule or of a prosthetic group, non-proteid in composition, which is attached to the protein complex. 1939Nature 25 Nov. 886/2 It is now known also that vitamin B1, including its pyrophosphate derivative, is identical with the prosthetic group of the enzyme carboxylase. 1954K. J. Laidler Introd. Chem. Enzymes v. 94 The cytochromes are there⁓fore complete enzymes in themselves, their prosthetic groups being successively reduced and oxidized during the course of a biological oxidation. 1964G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. iii. 42 The total structure of a protein molecule often includes, in addition to its peptide chains a component of different chemical constitution, known as a prosthetic group. The haem component of haemoglobin is an example of a group of this kind. 1973R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. vii. 238/1 Prosthetic groups are usually permanently attached to the enzyme, having been built into the enzyme when it was synthesized.
B. n. pl. The branch of surgery concerned with the replacement of defective or absent parts of the body by artificial substitutes.
1894in G. M. Gould Illustr. Dict. Med. & Biol. 1911G. H. Wilson Man. Dental Prosthetics Pref., This book has been written in response to the oft-repeated request by teachers and members of the dental profession for a concise modern text-book on Dental Prosthetics. 1963New Scientist 28 Nov. 525 Here is only one more instance of a remarkable flowering of techniques..ranging from prosthetics to chromosomal manipulations, which have tremendous potential for good, but also allow a mockery of nature.
Hence prosˈthetically adv., Gram. in the way of prosthesis; as a prefix.
1875P. Le P. Renouf Egypt. Gram. 63, n is also sometimes used prosthetically.
▸ = prosthesis n. 2b; (also) an artificial body part or feature worn as theatrical make-up or for special effects.
1933Internat. Jrnl. Orthodontia & Dentistry for Children 19 532 Premature loss of children's teeth frequently leads to a need for bridges or prosthetics. 1964Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 107743/1 A prosthetic of some type may be necessary to bridge the gap or to reinforce the repair. 1979West Lancs. Evening Gaz. 4 May 22 (advt.) The duties are concerned with the manufacture of artificial eyes and other ocular prosthetics. 2002Fangoria Mar. 19/3 [He] is playing Khayman, who's a mummy, so he has four prosthetics over his whole head, chest and arms. |