| 释义 |
▪ I. artery, n.|ˈɑːtərɪ|
Forms: α. 4–6 arterie, 6– artery; also β. 6 arter(e, 6–7 arture, artier, 7 arteir, -ir, -ire.
[ad. L. artēria, a. Gr. ἀρτηρία, prob. f. αἴρ-ειν to raise, lift up (cf. aorta), but referred by some of the ancients to ἀήρ ‘air,’ in accordance with their idea of arterial functions: see below. The parallel forms β. from F. artère were common in 16–17th c.]
†1. The trachea or windpipe. (Called in L. arteria aspera, from the rough surface presented by its cartilaginous rings.) Obs.
1547Boorde Brev. Health ccxxvi. 77 The longes, the midryffe, the arter trache, the Epigloote. 1594T. B. La Primaud. Fr. Acad. ii. 93 That pipe which is called the rough artery or wind-pipe. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 522 The artery of his voice is pressed, and so he cannot cry aloud. 1626Bacon Sylva §199 [The Lungs] expelleth the air: which through the Artire, throat and mouth, maketh the voice. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. Introd., In respect of the..rough arterie, serpents are like birds.
2. a. One of the membranous, elastic, pulsating tubes, forming part of the system of vessels by which the blood is conveyed from the heart to all parts of the body.
Among the ancients, the arteries, as they do not contain any blood after death, were popularly regarded as air-ducts, ramifying from the trachea; see prec. sense. Mediæval writers supposed them to contain an ethereal fluid quite distinct from that in the veins, called ‘spiritual blood’ or ‘vital spirits’ (cf. animal spirits), an error which, after Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood, only gradually died out.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. lxi. (1495) 177 A veyne callid Arteria..to bere and brynge kindely heete from the herte to al the membres..The other arterie of the herte is more than the fyrste. 1533Elyot Cast. Helth 12 Spirit vitall procedeth from the harte, and by the arteries or pulses is sente into all the body. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Cyrurg., The vaynes bereth the nourysshyng blode, and the arteres the spyrytual blode..For the veynes brede of the lyuer, and the arteres of the hert. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. i. ii. iii. 16 Arteries are long and hollow, with a double skin to convey the vital spirits. 1706Phillips, Arteries, in which the most thin and hottest part of the Blood, together with the Vital Spirits, pass thro' the Body. [Similarly in Bailey 1742]. c1718Quincy (J.) The coats of the veins seem only to be continuations of the capillary arteries. 1872Baker Nile Tribut. viii. 118 The arteries being divided, the animal would quickly bleed to death.
b. attrib.
1519W. Horman Vulg. 27 b, The arter strynge is the condyte of the lyfe sprite. 1528Paynell Salerne Regim. 2 B i, Veyne bludde ruddye and obscure: and arterie bludde ruddye and clere. 1836Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. I. 228/1 A forceps, not unlike the common artery-forceps.
3. fig.
1590Greene Mourn. Garm. (1616) Pref. 5 To see the vanity of youth, so anatomised, that you may see euery veine, muscle and arterie. 1835Lytton Rienzi v. vi. 264 The awful curse of the papal excommunication..seemed to freeze up all the arteries of life.
4. a. transf. A main channel in a ramifying system of communication.
1850Glisan Jrnl. Army Life (1874) 27 Those great arteries of commerce—the railroads. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea v. §270 These streams are the great arteries of inland commerce. 1924Galsworthy White Monkey iii. vii. 258 But along the main artery at the end the traffic streamed and rattled.
b. A major river in a river-system. U.S.
1805Jefferson in E. O. Rowland Life W. Dunbar (1930) 177 We shall delineate with correctness the great arteries of this great country. 1827J. F. Cooper Prairie xxiv, The mighty arteries of the Missouri and Mississippi.
†5. A ligament. Obs.
1621Quarles Esther (1717) 96 The strongest Arteries that knit and tie The members of a mixed Monarchy. 1658A. Fox tr. Wurtz' Surg. ii. xv. 120 The bones in the Joynt..are covered with Arteries, which are weaker than bones.
▪ II. artery, v.|ˈɑːtərɪ|
[f. prec. n.]
To furnish with, or as if with, arteries.
1856G. H. Boker L. de Guzman iii. i, A kingdom veined and arteried with plots. 1878A. Cameron in N. Amer. Rev. CXXVI. 491 Great rivers that arteried every state. |