| 释义 |
▪ I. righteous, a., adv., and n.|ˈraɪtjəs, ˈraɪtʃəs|
Forms: 1 reht-, 1–4 riht-, 3–5 riȝt- (etc., as right a.); also 1–6 -wis, 3–6 -wise (5 Sc. -vise), -wys(e, 5 -wijs), 4–5 -wiss, -wyss (5 -wisse, Sc. -uis), 5–6 -wes (5 -wesse), 5–6 -wos (5 -wose), 5–6 -uous(e, 6 Sc. -uus), 6 -ous (Sc. -us).
[OE. rihtwís, ryhtwís, f. riht, ryht right n.1 + wís wise a. (or right a. + wís, wíse way, manner, wise n.): cf. ON. réttvíss (Da. retvis, Sw. rättvis), perh. from OE., and OHG. rehtwîsig.
The orig. spelling rightwise remained in use till the 16th cent. (in some late examples perhaps confused with right wise); the obscured endings, -wos(e, -uous appear in the 15th, and righteous in the first half of the 16th.]
1. a. Of persons: Just, upright, virtuous; guiltless, sinless; conforming to the standard of the divine or the moral law; acting rightly or justly.
αc825Vesp. Psalter x. 8 Forðon rehtwis [is] dryhten. c888K. ælfred Boeth. xxvii. §2 Se Wisdom ᵹedeð his lufiendas..ᵹeþyldiᵹe & rihtwise. Ibid. xxxix. §13 He is cyning & dryhten..& rihtwis dema. 971Blickl. Hom. 95 Uton beon eaþmode & mildheorte..& beon rihtwise on urum mode wiþ oþre men. c1100O.E. Chron. (MS. D) an. 1067, Ful oft se unᵹeleaffulla wer bið ᵹehalᵹad..þurh þæt rihtwise wif. a1175Cott. Hom. 231 He haueð ᵹerimed rihtwisan mannan infer to his rice. c1200Ormin 2880 Josæp wass rihhtwis, & tatt iss tunnderrstanndenn Forr þatt hiss trowwþe wass full god. c1250Gen. & Ex. 516 Lamech [was born] of matusalé, And of lamech riȝt-wise noé. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 675 Þe ryȝt-wys man schal se hys face. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 905 Thisbe, And ryght-wis god to euery lover sende..moore prosperite Than ever hadde Piramus. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xi. 46, I hafe synned, betrayand riȝtwyse blude. a1425Seven Sag. (P.) 2754 Syre, ryghtwys emperour, Thou dost thy selven lytyl honour. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 205 None rightwiser then he Is in the worlde, nor of more noblenes. 1577St. Aug. Medit. A v b, But Christ is iust In hym haue trust And hys iustice Makes thee rightwise.
βc1440Partonope 5806 He ys a ryghtwos man and full sage. 1486Hen. VII at York in Surtees Misc. (1890) 54 Most reverend, rightwose regent of this rigalitie. 1523[Coverdale] Old God (1534) K iij b, Unto the euerlastynge ryghtuous, moost good..god. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. v. 308 A Prince maist godlie and rychtuous.
γ1526Tindale Matt. xxiii. 35 From the bloud of righteous Abell, vnto the bloud of zacharias. 1561J. Daus tr. Bullinger on Apoc. (1573) 69 b, There is nothyng better,..righteouser, or holyer, than he. 1607Shakes. Timon iv. ii. 4 Let me be recorded by the righteous Gods, I am as poore as you. 1671Milton P.R. i. 425 What but thy malice mov'd thee to misdeem Of righteous Job? 1736Butler Anal. i. iii, A righteous government..which necessarily implies a righteous governor. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian x, ‘To what do you allude, righteous father?’ inquired the astonished Marchesa. 1864Pusey Lect. Daniel (1876) 523 A righteous intercessor for man. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 92 He who is righteous in the treatment of his slaves..will sow in them the seed of virtue.
absol.c825Vesp. Psalter cxxiv. 3 Ne forleteð dryhten ᵹerd synfulra ofer hlet rehtwisra. c1000ælfric Hom. II. 322 And rihtwisra siðfæt is swilce scinende leoht. c1400Cursor M. 25246 (Cott. Galba), In þis point also we pray For all rightwiss on domesday. a1530Myrr. our Ladye 159 Of men, and of aungels, of ryght wyse and of synners.
b. absol. (in sing. or pl.) with the.
c825Vesp. Psalter v. 13 Ðu bledsas ðone rehtwisan. c888K. ælfred Boeth. iii. §4 Ᵹesihst þu nu þæt þa rihtwisan sint laðe & forþrycte. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 350 Ᵹif se rihtwisa ᵹecyrð fram his rihtwisnysse. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 67 Ure louerd..shodeð þe rihtwise an his riht⁓halue and wurðeð hem. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1043 Salt ðu noȝt ðe riȝt-wise weren, Or for hem ðe toðere með beren? a1300Cursor M. 23343 Þe right-wis blith sal be Quen he sal wrak on sinful se. 1382Wyclif Isa. i. 26 Aftir these thingus thou shalt ben clepid the cite of the riȝtwis. 1535Coverdale Matt. ix. 13, I am not come to call the righteous, but y⊇ synners to repentaunce. 1611Bible Ps. lxxii. 7 In his dayes shall the righteous flourish. 1641Hinde J. Bruen xxxiv. 108 The life of the righteous findes never any worse end than the death of the righteous. 1738Wesley Ps. iv. ii, Madly against the Righteous fight And follow after Lies. 1781Cowper Truth 506 Th' atonement a Redeemer's love has wrought Is not for you—the righteous need it not. 1827Pollok Course T. x, The righteous saved, the wicked damned, And God's eternal government approved. c1850Neale Hymns East. Ch. (1866) 107 When Thou..The righteous from the sinners shalt divide.
†c. As n. A righteous person. Obs.
c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. x. 41 And se þe under-fehþ riht-wisne on riht-wises naman he onfehþ riht-wises mede. a1300Cursor M. 12915 Als bedel gais be-for iustis, Als come þou be-for þat rightwis. 1382Wyclif Isa. li. 5 Nyȝ is my riȝtwis, gon out is my saueour. 1435Misyn Fire of Love 62 Truly god more displesis a ryghtwys prowd þen a synnar meyk. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 697 Hee..whom thou beheldst The onely righteous in a World perverse.
2. Of actions, etc.: Characterized by justice or uprightness; morally right or justifiable.
α971Blickl. Hom. 73 Se Godes man sceal beon fulfremed on rihtwisum weorcum. a1300Cursor M. 10744 Quilk man þat his wand suld blome Suld maria haf wit rightwis dome. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxiii. (George) 440 Quhethire þat it mare richtwis be til honoure god..þane appolline. 1444Rolls of Parlt. V. 112/1 To delay the rightwys and true Suytes of suche Defendantz or Plaintiffs. 1523[Coverdale] Old God (1534) K ij b, The Pope, whiche is your god.., what soeuer he doethe is ryghtwyse. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. Rom. 25 Callyng man to rightwyse life he therin sheweth his bounteous mercy & goodnes.
β1470–85Malory Arthur x. xiv. 436 By mysauenture kynge Marke smote Amant thorugh the body, And yet was Amaunt in the ryghtuous quarel. a1533Frith Answ. More (1548) C vj b, Zuinglius..was slayne..in defendinge hys citye.., which cause was moost rightuous. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. i. 71 Strukne with a richtuous and true terrour.
γa1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI, 96 Edmond erle of Marche..made hys title and righteous clayme. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. xi. 9 What booteth then the good and righteous deed, If goodnesse find no grace? 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxiv. 214 Instructing men in the way of righteous living. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 804 Faithful hath been your Warfare, and of God Accepted, fearless in his righteous Cause. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. iv. (1840) 94 Nor would it have been righteous in Noah to have done so. 1789Cowper Ann. Mem. 44 The symbol of a righteous reign Sat fast on George's brows again. 1808Southey Lett. (1856) II. 86, I devoted a week to the corrections, weeding them with righteous relentlessness. 1853Kingsley Hypatia xxvi, Her righteous wrath was too deep for upbraidings.
3. U.S. slang. Fine, excellent; of good quality. Freq. in collocations (see quots.), esp. righteous moss [see moss n.1 5 e], hair of good texture or characteristic of a white person.
Freq. in Black English in the U.S.
1942Z. N. Hurston in Amer. Mercury July. 84 It [sc. his hair] looked just like that righteous moss, and had so many waves you got seasick from looking. 1944C. Calloway Hepsters Dict., Righteous, splendid, okay. Ex., ‘That was a righteous queen I dug you with last black.’ 1944D. Burley in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 212 Righteous, pleasing to the senses, glorious, pretty, beautiful, mighty. 1945L. Shelly Jive Talk Dict. 31/2 Righteous riff, interesting conversation. 1946Mezzrow & Wolfe Really Blues (1957) 377 Righteous bush, marihuana. 1963T. Pynchon V. x. 281 ‘She's up there’ Matilda said, with a smile for everybody, even musicians with a headful of righteous moss, who were making money and drove sports cars. 1967[see lame n.2 2]. 1968–70Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) III–IV. 103 Righteous egg, n. a good guy. 1970C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 97 Righteous Moss, white folks' hair. 1976Daily Mirror 2 Apr. 20/2 Righteous, can mean same as dread; also good or excellent.
†4.
a. Chiefly Sc. Rightful, lawful, legitimate.
1375Barbour Bruce ii. 159 He come to mak homage Till him as till his rychtwis king. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 28 Thai..dar nocht..say othir wayis, bot that he was rychtwis pape. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 20 He is your ryght-wyse lorde. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. III. 141 Robert.., Quhilk in that tyme alledgit for to be The richteous air. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. ii. 131 His eftircumeris.., quha war rychteous Kingis of Scottis.
†b. Sc. Rightfully belonging to one. Obs.
1474[see righteously adv. 4].
†5. Right, genuine; correct, exact. Obs. rare.
1543Extr. Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 187, vj barrallis of salmond, full reid and sueit, of the rychtus kynd of this toun. 1605Verstegan Dec. Intell. 52 The truth-trying Logyk.., The righteous Geometrie. 1614W. Barclay Nepenthes A iv b, Avarice and greedines of gaine haue moued the Marchants to apparell some European plants with Indian coats, and to enstall them in shops as righteous and legittime Tabacco.
†6. As adv. Righteously; rightfully. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 28232 Þe lagh is þeron laid, Þat biddes al þat rightwys liue Til oþer alle þaire gilt for-giue. c1420Anturs of Arth. xxv, For him that ryȝtewis rest, and rose on the rode. c1470Henry Wallace vii. 374 And ye ar her..Als rychtwis born..As euir was I.
†7. Comb., as righteous-maker, righteous-making; also righteous-doomous, right-judging. Obs.
a1400in Sel. Wks. Wyclif (1871) III. 208 For soþly to þe riȝtwisdomous man it falliþ [etc.]. 1535Coverdale Jer. xxiii. 6 This is the name that they shall call him: euen the Lorde oure rightuous maker. ― Baruch ii. 17 For the deed..ascribe vnto the Lorde nether prayse ner rightuous-makynge. 1553Short Catech. 40 Fayth..doth..perceyue our righteousmakyng to be geuen vs of God freely. 1560Becon Christian Kt. Wks. II. 149 In my self I am a sinner, but in Christ, my righteous maker, I am righteous.
▪ II. † ˈrighteous, v. Obs.
Forms: 1 (ᵹe)reht-, rihtwísian, 4 rightwis(h)e, -wyse, 6 ryghtous.
[f. rihtwís righteous a.]
trans. To set right; to justify; to do justice to; to make righteous.
c825Vesp. Ps. xviii. 10 Domas godes [sind] soðe, ᵹereht⁓wisade in him seolfum. Ibid. lxxxi. 3 Heanne & ðearfan ᵹerehtwisiað. c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke xvi. 15 Ᵹe synt þe eow sylfe beforan mannum ᵹerihtwisiaþ. a1300E.E. Psalter xviii. 10 Domes of lauerd soth er ai, And right⁓wished in þar-selfe er þai. Ibid. lxxxi. 3 Meke and poure rightwises swa. a1340Hampole Psalter lxi. 6 He calles me, he rightwises me and glorifies me. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love i. viii. (Skeat) I. 35, I shal sustayne my ladyes wrathe which I have deserved, so longe as my Margarite hath rightwysed my cause. 1543Bale Romish Fox 62 b, Canne we meryte grace with synne? or deserue to be ryght⁓oused by folye?
Hence ˈrighteousing vbl. n. rare.
a1340Hampole Psalter cxviii. 5 God gif rightid be my wayes: forto kepe þi rightwisyngis. 1865Bushnell Vicar. Sacr. iii. vii. (1868) 432 They had their righteoussing in God. |