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单词 avalanche
释义 I. avalanche, n.|ˈævəlɑːnʃ, -lænʃ, ævəˈlɑːnʃ, -ˈlænʃ|
[a. F. avalanche, dial. form of avalance ‘descent,’ f. avaler: see avale. L'avalanche also appears dialectally as la valanche, It. valanca, valanga; also lavanche, lavange, either a purely phonetic transposition, or due to association with It. lava torrent, gully, f. lavare to wash.]
1. A large mass of snow, mixed with earth and ice, loosened from a mountain side, and descending swiftly into the valley below.
[1765Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 86/1 The Clergyman..percieving a noise towards the top of the mountains, looked up, and descried two valancas driving headlong towards the village.1766Smollett Trav. xxxviii. 337 Scarce a year passes in which some mules and their drivers do not perish by the valanches.]1771Pennant Tour Scotland 111, I have seen these spates..lie cross the roads, as the avelenches, or snow-falls, do those of the Alps.1787Monthly Rev. LXXVII. 533 They were also apprehensive of exposing themselves to the Avalanches, which are frequently tumbling from the summit of the mountain.1789Coxe Trav. Switz. xxxviii. II. 3 We crossed some snow, the remains of a last winter's Avalanche.1817Byron Manfred i. ii. 75 Ye avalanches, whom a breath draws down.1870H. Macmillan Bible Teach. ii. 31 The muffled roar of a distant avalanche.
2. transf. and fig.
1850Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xxxviii. 334 Overwhelmed by the avalanche of cruelty and wrong which had fallen upon her.1850Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. v. (1872) 153 Unable longer to endure such an avalanche of forgeries.c1854Stanley Sinai & Pal. (1858) Introd. 41 This mass of ruins..rolled down in avalanches of stones.
3. Comb. and attrib., as avalanche-like, avalanche-theory; avalanche lily, any one of several large erythroniums found near the snow-line in N. America.
1877Rosenthal Muscles & Nerves 122 Pflüger spoke of it as an avalanche-like increase in the excitement within the nerves.1912A. O. Wheeler Selkirk Mts. 74 The avalanche lilies..which follow the edges of the glaciers.1952in Jrnl. Canad. Ling. Assoc. (1956) II. 28 The grass was starred with white anemones and yellow avalanche lilies.1963W. S. Avis et al. Dict. Canad. Eng. (Intermediate) 58/2 Avalanche lily, the dogwood violet of the Rockies.1881Syd. Soc. Lex., He explains this by the avalanche theory, according to which nervous influence gathers force as it descends.
II. avalanche, v.|ˈævəlɑːnʃ, -lænʃ|
[f. avalanche n.]
intr. To descend in or like an avalanche. Also trans., to carry by or as by an avalanche.
1872‘Mark Twain’ Roughing It iv. 16 We avalanched from one end of the stage[-coach] to the other.1897Daily News 31 Mar. 6/5 He was gently avalanched downstairs into the street.1899Somerville & ‘Ross’ Irish R.M. 244, I avalanched down the companion.1923Daily Mail 23 June 7 The boulders on the edge are continually avalanching down.1957Clark & Pyatt Mountaineering in Britain x. 178 They had nearly completed the ascent and reached a cornice when a snow step avalanched.
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