| 释义 |
▪ I. rise, n.|raɪz|
Forms: 5 ryse, ryese, 6 rys, 6– rise.
[f. the vb. Cf. LG. rîs.]
I.
†1. The act, on the part of a hare, of finally rising to return to its form. Obs.—1
c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) i, And there she shall crosse wayes x. or xii. tymes and then she shal make hir ryses.
†2.
a. A spring or bound upwards; esp. one made with the help of a run at the outset of a long leap. Obs.
1600Kemp Nine Daies Wonder B ij b, At length comming to a broad plash of water and mud, which could not be auoyded I fetcht a rise. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. State iv. iii. 251 A long leap from York to Rome, and therefore he needed to take a good rise. 1681W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 480 He runs far back that means to leap a great way; He takes his rise far.
†b. A start or aid towards rising in a leap; a place from which to rise or soar. Obs.
1639Ld. Digby Lett. conc. Relig. (1651) 85 There might be a man so disposed as (having a good rise, and with a convenient career) to leap at once from England to Rome. 1648Boyle Seraph. Love (1700) 170 Having Piled them up together, have made that heap but a Rise to take our soaring flight from. 1697Creech tr. Manilius i. 6 Rais'd so high, from that convenient rise She took her flight, and quickly reacht the Skies. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Step, The Step, properly, puts a Horse on the Hand, and gives him a Rise to Leap.
3. The coming of the sun (moon, or planets) above the horizon; hence also, the region of sunrise, the east. (Now usually rising.)
1599Shakes., etc. Pass. Pilgr. 194 The morning rise Doth cite each moving sense from idle rest. 1635–56Cowley Davideis iv. 6 Moab..Up with the Sun arose, and..With lifted Hands bow'd towards his shining rise. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 44 Truly many Sun-Idolaters I have seen, all which worship his rise, but none his setting. 1712Blackmore Creation 98 Th' adventurous merchant thus pursues his way Or to the rise, or to the fall of day. 1865Sir J. K. James Tasso xii. xc, To her at rise, to her at sunset hour. 1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche March xxiii, She..Lookt left and right to rise and set of day.
fig.1671Milton P.R. i. 294 So spake our Morning Star then in his rise. 1738Wesley Hymns, ‘The Sun of Righteousness appears’ iv, In vain the Stone, the Watch, the Seal Forbid an early Rise. 1781J. Morison in Scot. Paraphr. xix. 2 To hail thy rise, thou better Sun, the gathering nations come.
4. a. Upward movement; ascent; transference to a higher level. Also fig.
1573–9G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 69 If once to heaven we take our rise. 1640W. Style Antisco's Span. Gallant A 10 b, Like Birds for want of ayre we faint: Lye still and cannot make our rise. 1659Instructions Oratory 11 Which it cannot so easily mount unto at the first, without taking, by the way, this meaner rise. 1788Trifler No. 16. 216 He was on the rise to treat more largely on the folly of parental officiousness. 1808Scott Marm. vi. xv, The steed along the drawbridge flies, Just as it trembled on the rise. 1847Illustr. Lond. News 10 July 27/3 The balloon..now and then took a rise out of the hands of the stalwart men who held it. 1872Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lakes (1879) 173 Beyond Gosforth a steep rise is made.
b. Capacity for or power of rising.
a1716South (Cent.), These were sublimities above the rise of the apostolic spirit. 1848Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IX. ii. 574 There is no rise or spring in them. 1881W. E. Dickson Organ-Build. vi. 73 The reservoir may have a rise or play of about 10 inches or a foot.
c. Cricket. The upward movement of a ball after pitching.
1851J. Pycroft Cricket Field viii. 165 Slow balls can be pitched nearer to the bat, affording a shorter sight of the rise. 1897P. Norman West Kent Cricket Club 40 There was always a good spin on his ball, and he could..give it that ‘abrupt rise’, as it has somewhere been called, which is so fatal to many a good batsman.
d. Theatr. The raising of the curtain at the beginning of a scene. In phr. at rise, whereby the playwright introduces the description of the opening situation.
1905[see curtain-rise s.v. curtain n. 8]. 1933S. Kingsley Men in White ii. i. 77 Three months later... At rise: Mr Houghton, short, stodgy, aggressive..the economist, has just finished reading a report. 1961Bowman & Ball Theatre Lang. 17 At rise, at the moment when the rising curtain first discloses a scene; said often of the relative positions of actors at such a moment. Ibid. 301 Rise,..the going up of a curtain (also as the curtain rise or the rising). 1962[see curtain-fall s.v. curtain n. 8].
e. slang. = erection 4. Usu. in phr. to get a rise.
1949Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 3) 1154/2 Rise, get a, to experience an erection. 1973M. Amis Rachel Papers 55 ‘Have you fucked Sue?.. What was it like?’.. ‘It was okay, except I couldn't get a proper rise.’
5. a. Elevation in fortune or rank.
1632Massinger City Madam v. i, Many..Have written ‘Ladies of Honour’, and some few Have higher titles; and that's the furthest rise You can in England hope for. 1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iii. x. 132 Duke Ricards Letter..He bid me read, my Rise was laid. 1706E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 87 All Admirals, as well as Captains, are oblig'd to begin their Rise there. 1781Justamond tr. Priv. Life Lewis XV, I. 99 We have seen the beginning of this fortunate man's rise. 1841Spalding Italy & It. Isl. II. 243 The rise of the Medici and other wealthy Florentine families, furnished liberal patrons to art. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. xiii. (1878) 255 It was considered a rise in life.
b. An occasion or means of rising (in fortune or rank).
c1680G. Dallas Stiles (1697) 89 The eminent Parts with which the Lord has Endued your Lordship..have been no small Rise to your Noble Family in this Age. 1773Foote Bankrupt i. Wks. 1799 II. 101 Don't you consider, that her ruin, as you call it, will be your rise?
c. Upward course; advance towards a flourishing or prosperous condition, etc.
Not always distinguishable from sense 17 or 19.
1721Berkeley Prev. Ruin Gt. Britain Wks. 1871 III. 211 Our ancestors during their rise and greatness. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. iii, A great many useful and agreable speculations offer themselves in the rise and progress of the thing itself. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 173 This period of rise and of decline. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. liii. 335 The second period in the annals of American parties, which..include the rise and fall of the Whig party.
6. a. Angling. The movement of a fish to the surface of the water to take a fly or bait; an instance of this.
1651T. Barker Art of Angling (1653) 5 If you can attain to angle with one haire, you shall have the more rises. 1860Russell Diary India II. 199, I tried every fly that I could think of; but not a sign of a rise. 1867F. Francis Angling i. (1880) 6 Let him then note where these rises are the thickest, and choose that place.
b. to get, have, or take a rise out of (one), to make a butt of, raise a laugh at, by some form of pretence or dissimulation.
1834Medwin Angler in Wales I. 113 We will have a rise out of Charters at our noctes. 1840Thackeray Catherine vii, Oh but it was a rare rise we got out of them chaps. 1882Blackmore Cristowell xviii, It would be worth a hundred pounds to me, to have a rise taken out of him.
c. to make a rise, to succeed in striking gold by mining. Also of other precious metals and stones.
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right (1899) 24/1 You've got to work till you make a ‘rise’, for my sake. 1940I. L. Idriess Lightning Ridge xv. 99 Andy sank five hundred shafts, toiled for years and years, and never made a rise.
d. slang. A fit of anger.
1877‘Eton Boy’ Day of my Life i. 11, I told him for his good; he needn't get in such a rise about it. 1895H. W. Nevinson Neighbours of Ours i. 21 Mrs. Sullivan was in a fair rise about it, sayin' as 'e'd took us all in.
7. The act of rising from the dead (also rise-again), or from some condition.
1738Wesley Easter Hymn iii, Death in vain forbids His rise; Christ hath opened Paradise. 1839–52Bailey Festus 30 The grave hath no pride, nor the rise-again. 1868Lynch Rivulet clii. iv, Thy word..insure[s] Our rise from shame.
†8. A revolt, rising. Obs.
1768Boswell Corsica (ed. 2) 109 The Genoese, eager to repress the rise of 1734. 1848D. Cox Let. 29 July in F. G. Roe David Cox (1924) ii. 59 It was expect[ed] there would be a rise among the Irish. 1853Dickens Child's Hist. Eng. in Househ. Words 17 Sept. 71/1 He had some wild hope of gaining the Irish people over to his side by favoring a rise among them.
II.
9. a. A piece of rising ground; a hill.
1639Fuller Holy War i. ii. (1840) 3 The Jews..were forbidden to enter into Jerusalem, or so much as to behold it from any rise or advantage of ground. 1654Earl of Monmouth tr. Bentivoglio's Wars Flanders 206 It hath on one side an eminent Rise, which Commands the whole Town. 1700Dryden Baucis & Philemon 17 Two neighb'ring Trees..Stand on a mod'rate Rise. 1708J. Philips Cyder i. 6 If therefore, thou incline To deck this Rise with Fruits of various Tastes. 1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. lvi, On a rise of gentle ground There is a small and simple pyramid. 1856Ruskin Pre-Raphaelitism, etc. (1906) 231 Distant cumuli, heavy with rain, hanging on the rises of the moorland. 1878B. Taylor Deukalion i. v. 40 Yonder, on the rise, Who leans with folded arms against the stone?
b. A long, broad, gently sloping elevation rising from the sea bed, esp. that at the edge of a continental shelf.
1903Geogr. Jrnl. XXII. 193 The elevation is either entirely surrounded by depressions or is a prolongation of the continental border. The rise is an elevation which rises gradually with an angle of only a few minutes of arc, irrespective of whether it is wide or narrow... Rises carry the chief features of suboceanic relief, so that if the ocean floor was changed into dry land they would act as the main watersheds. 1954W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. xviii. 477 A good example of a rise or swell is that in the Pacific Ocean known as the Hawaiian swell or rise. It is a comparatively gentle rise some 600 miles wide and about 1900 miles long. 1974Nature 30 Aug. 694/2 States like Argentina, Australia, Canada..will prefer to go beyond 200 miles to the outer edge of the continental rise if this is larger than 200 miles.
10. a. An upward slope or direction, esp. of strata, coal-beds, veins of ore, etc.
1698G. Thomas Pensilvania 46 Some of their Noses having a rise like the Roman. 1708J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 40 It is always look'd upon to be of good Advantage to the Colliery, to have a rise in the Thill, and of the Coal as we work. 1731W. Halfpenny Perspective 31 Draw Lines..parallel to the line SF, which shews the Perspective Rise of every Member. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 984 This gas being lighter than common air, always ascends to the roof or to the rise of the galleries. 1856G. J. Whyte-Melville Kate Coventry xii, The ground is now..on the rise. 1878Huxley Physiogr. xviii. 313 A very sharp rise leads from the Pacific to the range of the Andes.
attrib.1768Gen. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 63 There are two other fire-engines of a pretty large size, working on the rise⁓part of this colliery. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 964 Where the coal-measures are horizontal, and the faults run at a greater angle than 45° to the line of bearing, they are termed dip and rise faults. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 204 Rise Split, a proportion of the ventilative current sent into a rise district of a mine. Ibid., Rise Workings, underground workings carried on to the rise or high side of the shafts.
b. Mining. An excavation or working on the up side of a shaft. (Cf. rising vbl. n. 12 c.)
1839Penny Cycl. XV. 241/1 Should the ore extend far enough..levels may be driven from the ‘rises’ to render it more accessible. 1861G. Harris in Athenæum 19 Jan. 82 Here were ends Cut through hard marble by the miners' skill, And winzes, stopes and rises. 1884R. Hunt Mining 912 Rise, this is the same meaning as stope, or excavation in the back of a level. ‘I belong (viz. I work) up in the rise.’
11. a. The vertical height of a step, an arch, an inclined surface or object, etc., measured from the base or springing-line to the highest point.
1663Gerbier Counsel & Adv. to Builders 100 The rise, width, and depth of steps, shall not need to be repeated, since they have been described [etc.]. 1739C. Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 74 The prick'd Lines shew what would be the Rise of Stone Arches, and the Disposition of their Joints. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 539 The height, or rise of the arch, is a line drawn at right angles from the middle of the chord..to the intrados. 1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 81/2 The two side arches 156 feet span, and 15½ feet rise. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 89 The rise of the steps will vary according to circumstances.
†b. The pitch of a screw. Obs. rare.
1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xi. ⁋1, I shew'd..the manner of making a Screw..; but assigned it no particular Rise;..Therefore its assigned Rise being two Inches and an half in a Revolution [etc.].
12. a. A flight of steps.
c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 258 The queen being come up to her table wch was a great rise of stepps. 1848B. Webb Cont. Ecclesiol. 45 There is a rise of steps at the east end of the nave. Ibid. 400.
b. = riser 7.
1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 65 The Steps..have no Rises nor Stiles. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §227 It was stopped by the rise of the third step, against which it seemed abutted. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. I. 329/2 The flat surface of a stair is called the tread, and the upright face is termed the rise.
III. 13. An increase in height of the sea, streams, or water, by tides, floods, etc., or of a liquid in a vessel; the amount of this increase.
1626Bacon Sylva §889 Experiment..Touching the Rise of Water, by Meanes of Flame. 1662Dryden To Ld. Chancellor Clarendon 142 The hill..mounts, but so as billows play, Whose rise not hinders but makes short our way. 1743Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 120 We ran in before the Wind for about two Leagues, expecting every Rise and Fall of the Sea to be a Wreck. 1771Jrnl. Cook's Voy. World 119 We observed the whole rise of the tide did not exceed four feet. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVIII. 496 That the rise and fall of the mercury [in a thermometer] may be better seen. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 264 The perpendicular rise and fall of the spring-tides is fifteen feet, and at neap-tides, eight feet. 1847Grote Greece IV. xxv. 14 He is preserved by the sudden rise of a river. 1860Merc. Mar. Mag. VII. 339 South-westerly wind will follow, especially if the barometer rise is sudden.
transf.1713Steele Guard. No. 149 The head-dress receives frequent rises and falls every year. 1868Tennyson Lucretius 10 His mind..fancy-borne perhaps upon the rise And long roll of the Hexameter.
14. Mus. An increase of pitch in a tone or voice. Also in Phonetics. Cf. rise-fall below.
1626Bacon Sylva §105 In the ordinary Rise and Falles of the Voice,..there fall out to be two Beemols..betweene the Vnison and the Diapason. 1867MacFarren Harmony (1892) 73 A complete chord may be suspended when the progression of roots is by the rise of a 4th or fall of a 5th. 1879Grove Dict. Mus. I. 43 The..graces peculiar to old English music..include the Plain-beat or rise. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXI. 465/2 A high rise, which begins high, and consequently can only rise a little higher, expresses simple question, while..a low rise..expresses various degrees of surprise or indignation. 1932[see fall-rise s.v. fall n.1 29]. 1965Language XLI. 210 This scale maintained its neatness only when the nuclear exponent was a simple ‘fall’ or ‘rise’. When the nucleus was ‘fall-rise’, ‘rise-fall’, or ‘fall-plus-rise’, two phenomena were observed.
15. a. An increase in amount.
a1699Temple (J.), The rise or fall that may happen in his constant revenue by a Spanish war. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 664 By the sudden rise of temperature..a considerable waste of product also takes place. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. vii. 591 On the same terms, excepting a small rise in the annual payment. 1871B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §91 This heat is..absorbed by the ice without producing any rise of temperature.
b. An advance in wages or salary.
1836–7Dickens Sk. Boz, Scenes i, The receipt of seven shillings a-week, with the prospect of an early rise to eight. 1915W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage cvii. 564 If they were not worth a rise it was better to sack them at once. 1921[see raise n.1 5 c]. 1957E. H. Shepard Drawn from Memory vii. 131 She..said that her ‘intended’ was going to receive a rise and work on the passenger trains. 1978Verbatim Sept. 12/1 The influence of British usage in America is more and more evident: The New York Times, 1 April 1978, in referring to the increased settlement for transit workers in New York City, called it a ‘6% Rise’.
c. U.S. the rise of (an amount or period of time), more than, above (that quantity); and the rise, and more. Now rare. Cf. rising pres. pple. 3.
1834in J. S. Bassett Southern Plantation Overseer (1925) 66, I muste plante the rise of a hundred aceres in coten. 1839Southern Lit. Messenger V. 379/1 It is the rise of a week since I last shifted. 1845J. J. Hooper Some Adventures Simon Suggs xii. 141 Bill..has been ded the rise of twenty year. 1858in N. E. Eliason Tarheel Talk (1956) 290 At Mr Collins thar has bin de rise of A hundred down with the measles. 1859Bartlett Dict. Amer. (ed. 2) 367 The phrase ‘and the rise’, is used in some parts of the South to mean ‘and more’;..‘I should think there were a thousand and the rise’, i.e. a thousand and more. 1905‘O. Henry’ in Everybody's Mag. Dec. 820/1, I will undertake for to say that I've seen the rise of $50,000 at a time in that tin grub box that my adopted father calls his safe.
16. a. An increase in the value or price of a thing.
1691Locke Money Wks. 1727 II. 87 The Market-price of any thing, and so of Bullion, is to be taken..not from the extraordinary Rise of two or three Market-days in a Year. 1723Swift Agst. Enlarging Power Bps. Wks. 1751 IX. 23 The Bishops have had some Share in the gradual Rise of Lands. 1790Washington Writ. (1892) XII. 1 The progress of public credit is witnessed by a considerable rise of American stock abroad as well as at home. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 17 'Bout work being slack, and rise and fall of bread. 1885Law Times Rep. LII. 648/2 A great rise had taken place in the value of the Sydney property.
b. on the rise, becoming more valuable or dearer.
1808Times 23 Feb., Colonial produce is on the rise. 1884Illustr. Lond. News 13 Dec. 570/3 ‘Sheep,’ for five years, have been steadily ‘on the rise’.
IV.
17. a. An origin or source; a beginning; a start. Freq. in phr. to have or take one's rise.
1630Prynne Anti-Armin. 115 Which by this meanes take their rise and being from the creature. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 60 If you take Nature at the rise, and critically observe her in her rudimental and obscure beginning. 1690Locke Govt. ii. i, He..must..find out another rise of Government, another original of political power. 1738Wesley Ps. xci. iii, Nor Plague of unknown Rise that kills In Darkness. 1763J. Brown Poetry & Mus. v. 77 He..sung the Generation of the World and the Rise of Things. 1847J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Church iii. 25 Intimately acquainted with the rise of all churches. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 33 Ask the rush if it suspects Whence and how the stream which floats it had a rise.
†b. to take one's rise (from), to start, begin with, in narration. Obs.
1647–8Sir C. Cotterell Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 14 Taking his rise from the fortunes of the House of Lorraine. 1697J. Sergeant Solid Philos. 63, I take my Rise from the remotest Principles that can concern that Point, and these are my Thoughts. 1716J. Collier tr. Gregory Nazianz. 60 Let us take our rise a little from the Original of things.
†18.
a. An occasion; a ground or basis. Obs. (Common c 1650–90.)
1641Triumph of K. Chas. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) V. 101 We had two humble petitions to present to both their Majesties, and we had the rise and encouragement to both, from that which his Majesty was pleased to deliver to us. 1669R. Montagu in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 431, I will write a letter which he may show the King, and shall be a rise for him to ask the King to do the business. 1688Boyle Final Causes iv. 111 The Celestial bodys may..give man a rise to admire and praise the greatness and power of the Divine Maker. 1759Sterne Tr. Shandy ii. v, The reason, or rather the rise of this sudden demigration was as follows. 1820Jodrell s.v. Manteau, Mantua in Italy may have given the rise of its etymology.
b. to give rise to, to occasion, to bring about, to cause. (See also give v. 48.)
1705Addison Italy 132 His Reputation..gave Rise to the Republick that calls it self after his Name. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 256 This shallowness and narrowness in many parts of the sea, give also rise to a peculiarity in the tides. 1830R. Knox Béclard's Anat. 304 When this action has been very long and violent, it gives rise to a painful sensibility. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets 417 The strangest misconception to which religious prejudice has ever given rise.
19. The act of coming into existence or notice.
1656Earl of Monmouth tr. Boccalini's Advts. fr. Parnass. i. xvii. (1674) 19 Remedies..whereby stoutly to resist vice in its rise. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 78 Which practical part of Opticks is but yet in the rise. 1737Whiston Josephus, Antiq. ix. x. §2 Upon the rise of a most terrible storm. 1777Sir W. Jones Ess. Poet. Eastern Nat., The rise of a poet in their tribe. 1869J. Martineau Ess. II. 52 It is manifestly concurrent with the rise of new questions.
20. Comb., as rise-and-fall adj.; rise-fall Phonetics, a rise and subsequent fall of pitch compressed into one syllable (cf. fall-rise s.v. fall n.1 29); also attrib.; rise time Electronics, the time required for a pulse to rise from 10% to 90% of its steady value.
1926Gloss. Terms Electr. Engin. (Brit. Engin. Stand. Assoc.) 159 *Rise-and-fall pendant, a pendant the height of which can be regulated by means of a pulley and counter⁓weight or similar device. 1950Engineering 21 July 59/2 Sellers include a ‘rise and fall clause’ in their contracts. 1974tr. Wertheim's Evolution & Revolution i. 64 Oswald Spengler..elaborated the rise-and-fall concept as a world-wide cyclical movement from which no human civilization could escape. 1977Grimsby Even. Tel. 14 May 6/5 (Advt.), 3-phase saw bench with rise and fall table, {pstlg}80.
1964Crystal & Quirk Syst. Prosodic & Paralinguistic Features in Eng. iv. 50 Such nuclei are of the following seven types: fall, rise, level, fall-rise, *rise-fall, fall-plus-rise, and rise-plus-fall. 1966G. N. Leech, Eng. in Advertising v. 49 The..advertisement..contains three examples of the rise-fall tone... A contour line above each example indicates the position of the rise-fall. 1973Archivum Linguisticum IV. 25 In paratone I..the ‘low rise-fall’..is likely to be followed by the ‘wide fall’.
1947Rev. Sci. Instruments XVIII. 643/1 To obtain best possible *rise times for the pulses, care is required in laying out the components. 1952Proc. IRE XL. 962/1 Because of limited bandwidth, the pulse takes a certain length of time to build up its amplitude, i.e., it requires a certain ‘rise time’. 1969J. J. Sparkes Transistor Switching i. 22 The turn-on time is divided into two parts, the delay time..and the rise time. 1975G. J. King Audio Handbk. ii. 41 Extended high-frequency response is..required to ensure that the rise time of the amplifier is not less than that of transient⁓type programme signal components.
▪ II. rise
obs. variant of rice n.1 and n.2
▪ III. rise, v.|raɪz|
Pa. tense rose. Pa. pple. risen.
[Common Teutonic: OE. rísan, = OFris. rīsa (mod.Fris. rize, ryzje), MDu. rīsen (Du. rijzen), OS. rîsan (MLG. rîsen), OHG. rîsan, rîsen (G. reisen, of the sun), ON. and Icel. rísa (Norw. and MSw. risa), Goth. (ur)reisan. No related forms have been traced outside of Teutonic.
In OE., as in OS., the simple rísan is extremely rare, the common form being the compound arísan arise v. In early ME. the use of rise for arise is prominently northern, and may be mainly due to the influence of ON. rísa.
The causative forms related to rise are raise and rear, but rise itself has to a certain extent (esp. in later use) assumed the functions of a transitive verb.]
A. Inflexional forms.
1. a. inf. (and pres.). 1–2 rísan, 3–4 risen (3 -enn, 4 -in, 5 -yn), 4 rijsen, 4–5 rysen (5 -yn); 3– rise, 4 rijse, 4–6 (8 Sc.) ryse (6 rysse, reyse), 6 rize; 3–4 ris, rys, 5 riss, 5–6 ryss, 6 Sc. ryis(s.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) lviii. 1 Fram laðum, þe me..on risan willað. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 103 Ich ne mai wiðuten þin elp risen. c1250Gen. & Ex. 4039 Of ðe sal risen sterre briȝt. a1300Cursor M. 14495 All þe werld mon wit him rijs. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4810 Þai shalle with þam rys ogayn. 1382Wyclif Ps. xciii. 16 Who shal al rijsen to me aȝen the warieris? c1440Promp. Parv. 435/1 Rysyn erly. 1483Cath. Angl. 309/2 To Ryse be fore day. 1550Crowley Epigr. 626 Fewe..do vse to rise earelye. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 59 Thoys that dyd rysse in dyvers places. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 234, I do call on all men mortall To ryis. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iii. 19 None durst rize..him in to lett.
b. 3 sing. pres. ind. 4–5 rist(e, ryst(e.
13..K. Alis. 2158 (Bodl. MS.), Now rist grete tabor betyng. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15597 Þer kynde so ryst on heyghte. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 887 Thisbe, Tysbe ryst vp with-outyn ony bost.
2. pa. tense. (α) 3–5 ras (5 rass), 3–4 (9) raas, 5–9 rase, 9 raze; 4–6 (8) rais, 5–6 raiss (6 raisz), 5 rays, 6 rayis; 5 rayse, 5–9 raise, 8 raaize, 9 raaise; 7, 9 rease, 9 reaise, reaaze.
After 1300 these forms are only Sc. and northern.
c1200Ormin 4341 Crist ras upp off dæþe. a1300E.E. Psalter xix. 9 We raas, and rightid are. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4308 Als he fra dede rase. c1425Wyntoun Cron. i. xvi. 1542 Agayn his fadyr..Þan he [Jupiter] rase. c1470Henry Wallace v. 966 Rays neuir agayne quhat ane at he hyt rycht. 1533Gau Richt Vay 68 Mony bodis of sanctis..raisz wp. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 111 Quhen men rais in our contrairie. c1620A. Hume Brit. Tongue (1865) 18 Ther rease..a hoat disputation betuene him and me. 1718Ramsay Christ's Kirk Gr. iii. iii, To see the young fouk ere they raise. 1785Hutton Bran New Wark (E.D.S.) 367 Up as she raaize. 1816Scott Old Mort. xxvii, To..sit by the chimley when the reek rase. 1881J. Sargisson Joe Scoap 105 When t'sun reaaze an set. 1883R. M. Fergusson Rambl. Sk. Far North 143 The water raise an' raise.
(β) 3–5 ros, 4–6 roos; 4– rose (5 rosse), 4–5 roose (5 pl. rosyn, roosen), 6 roase, rhose, 9 roze, dial. rause, rauze, rawse, ruse, ruz.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 4152 Swilc prophete..Ros non. c1300Beket 1082 He ros him up and bihuld. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 234, I roos whan þei were arest. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. Prol. 112 (Tanner MS.), The son that roose as rede as rose. c1410Sir Cleges 194 He..rosse upe in that stede. c1449Pecock Repr. v. iii. 497 [There] roosen also manye untrewe sectis. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 382 Then roase the streete, namely the youth. a1591H. Smith Wks. (1867) I. 444 Thou..hast rebelled more since thou rosest. 1637Milton Lycidas 30 The Star that rose..bright. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. i. §1 Next morning Euphranor rose early. 1804R. Anderson Cumbld. Ball. (c 1850) 68 Fast flew the hours—now ruse the muin.
(γ) pl. 2, 4–5 risen, 4–5 rysen, 5 resyn, reson, rison; sing. (and pl.) 6 rysse, 6–7 risse; 6 ryse, 6–8 rise, 7 rizze; 7, 9 dial. riss (7 riss', ris'), ris, riz.
1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1135, Aᵹenes him risen sona þa ricemen. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 176 Þei Risen vp Raply. 1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xxiv. 8 Dauid..suffrede hem not, that thei rysen into Saul. a1440Sir Eglam. 284 Hertys reson on eche a syde. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (Camden) 45 Thys yere..rysse a gret tempest. 1590Lodge Rosalynde (Hunterian Cl.) 55 He rise vp and went to him. 1609Tourneur Funeral Poem 2 From thy spirit rizze thy worthy fame. 1611B. Jonson Catiline v. vi, As he riss', the day grew black. 1654Earl of Monmouth tr. Bentivoglio's Wars Flanders 136 As the Tide rise, the Enemies Boats drew nearer. 1676Hobbes Iliad 379 Achilles..sat upon the seat from whence he ris. 1715M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 154 His great zeal..rise, at last, so high, that [etc]. 1876Mr. Gray & Neighbours i. 78 This was long before the day when Curates riz. 1900Cent. Mag. Feb. 605 The goat..riz on his hind legs.
(δ) 4 (pl.) risiden; 6 rysed, ryssyd, risde, 7 ris'd, rised.
1388Wyclif 2 Sam. xviii. 31 Alle men that risiden aȝens thee. [15..Adam Bell xx. in Child Ballads III. 23/2 They rysed the towne of mery Carlel. 1562Child-Marriages 108 Roger..rysed this tale hym-self.] 1579Poore Knights Palace F iiij, Then Beauty risde, and thus she gan to say. 1608Machin Dumb Knight iv. i, I..ris'd on my right side. 1653D. Osborne Lett. (1888) 59, I lay abed all next day..and rised on Thursday.
3. pa. pple. (α) 3 risenn, 4– risen (4 risun, 4–5 risin, 7 ris'n); 4–5 resen (5 -in, -ine), 4–6 resyn, 6 reysen; 5 rissyn (6 Sc. rissin(e), ryssyn, rysun, 5–6 rysen, -yn; 9 dial. ruzzen.
c1200Ormin 11552 Affterr þatt he wass..risenn upp. a1300Cursor M. 2839 Bi þat þe sun risen was. 13..― 6751 (Gött.), If þe sunne be resin þan. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 140 Bifore þat Crist was risun. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 16991 The sonne is rysen. c1470Harding Chron. lv, By example of this kyng.., resen of poore bloude. 1513–14Act 5 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Preamble, Wolle is resyn of a farre gretter price. 1533Gau Richt Vay 104 The sekkis..quhilk ar rissine laitlie in the kirk. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 624 To morrow..we must be ris'n.
(β) 4 i-rise, 4, 6–7 rise, 5 rys, 7 risse, rize, rizze, 7, 9 ris, 9 dial. ris', riss, riz.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VIII. 21 Ȝif eny sclaundre were i-rise. 1390Gower Conf. I. 207 Whan..every man was rise aboute. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas ii. i. (1554) 42 b/1 The Philistines Were rys again. 1600Breton Wks. (Grosart) I. 11/2 When..Robin Hood is rise againe. 1607Middleton Michaelmas Term iii. i. 126 If 'twere risse to a flame. 1610G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. i. xlii, As though another day were newly ris. 1684T. Burnet Theory Earth ii. 78 Flames and smoak have..rise out of the sea. 1866Lowell Biglow P. Ser. ii. Poems 1890 II. 222 A betch o' bread that hain't riz. 1890J. Clare Pearl i. v, He's ris' in the world.
(γ) 6–8, 9 dial. rose.
a1593Marlowe Edw. II, i. iv, Had some bloodless fury rose from hell. 1631Massinger Believe as You List ii. i, Is he Rose from the dead? 1675Marvell Wks. (Grosart) I. 274 It was understood the Lords were rose. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull i. xii, He has rose early and sate up late. 1776[see 10]. 1884J. C. Egerton Sussex Folk & Ways 100 A hurt which had rose a hump on her back.
B. Signification.
In transferred or figurative uses it may be difficult to decide which of the literal senses is implied: sometimes a mixture of ideas appears to be present. Compare the note to raise v.1
I. intr. To get up from sitting, lying, or repose.
1. a. To get up from a sitting, kneeling, or lying posture; to assume a standing position; to get upon one's feet. Also with compl. (quot. 1847).
c1200Ormin 6028 Þatt deor..Þatt riseþþ o þe þridde daȝȝ Affterr þatt itt iss wheollpedd. a1300Cursor M. 15282 Quen þis super was all don, Iesus ras of his sette. 1375Barbour Bruce iii. 567 Eftir the mete sone rais the king,..And went..towart þe Se. c1450tr. De Imitatione ii. viii. 48 Dide not Mary Mawdeleyn rise oute of hir place? 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Communion 16 Then shall the Priest rise, the people still reuerently knelyng. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 409 To rise out of your chaire and walke about the fields. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iv. i. 82 Her Grace rose, and with modest paces Came to the Altar. 1667Milton P.L. x. 958 But rise, let us no more contend [etc.]. 1766Gray Impromptus 11 When you rise from your Dinner as light as before. 1821Shelley Adonais xlv. 2 The inheritors of unfulfilled renown Rose from their thrones. 1847Tennyson Princess ii. 27 She rose her height. 1882Stevenson New Arab. Nts. (1901) 113/2 The landlord..rose from a business-table under the key-rack.
b. With up.
c1200Ormin 2741 Ȝho ras upp sone anan, & for Upp inntill heȝhe munntess. a1300Cursor M. 2813 ‘Rises vp,’ he said, ‘and fle ȝee sone’. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxi. 283 Rys vp ragamoffyn, and reche me alle þe barres. c1440Alph. Tales 294 Sho..rase vpp & went furth of þe kurk. 1530Palsgr. 692/2 He rose up on his fete quyckly. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, v. i. 78 Iden, kneele downe, rise vp a Knight. 1655Theophania 14 Immediately Synesius putting back his Chair, rise up, and replied. 1710Steele Tatler No. 122 ⁋1 The whole Assembly rose up to do him Honour. 1742–3Johnson's Debates (1787) II. 515 Lord Aylesford then rose up, and spoke to the following purpose. 1847Tennyson Princess ii. 55 Then an officer Rose up, and read the statutes.
†c. With reflexive dative. Obs.
c1200Ormin 2655 Ȝho ras hire upp, & for anan Upp inntill heȝhe cludess. a1300Cursor M. 16301 Pilate him ras, and forth yode vte o þe pretori. c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 232 He rist him up, and every dore he shette And windowe eek. c1400Lydg. Monk who honoured the Virgin 66 He rose hym vp and privelich he is went In to hys chambre.
†d. to rise away, to get up and depart; to leave the table. Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 15690 Quen he had mad his orisun, vp þeþen he ras ewai. a1643Suckling Fragm. Aurea (1646) 8 And O, when once that course is past,..Men rise away, and scarce say Grace!
e. Of animals, esp. game: To get up, issue, from lair or covert. (Cf. 13 b.)
c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) i, [The hare] shall go a bowe shote or more by o way and ryse agayne by an other. a1440Syr Eglam. 284 Hertys reson on eche a syde. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. x. 34 A Tigre forth out of the wood did rise. 1637Massinger Guardian i. i, No game shall rise But we'll be ready for't; if a hare, my greyhounds Shall make a course.
f. Of animals, esp. a horse: To assume an erect position on the hind legs, etc.; † also to rise before.
1658Sir T. Browne Pseud. Epid. v. xiii. 308 Because his horse rised before that he could not be setled on his back. 1847Tennyson Princess v. 482 On his haunches rose the steed, And into fiery splinters leapt the lance.
g. Of hair, etc.: To become erect or stiff. Also of things which have been bent: To resume an upright position.
1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxv. 34 Ȝour heylis..Gars ryis on loft my quhillelillie. 1583Leg. Bp. St. Androis 404 His rubigo began to ryiss. 1626Bacon Sylva §656 Of all Plants it [the reed] boweth the easiest, and riseth again. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 26/2 The Pine is suppos'd to have the same Quality as the Fir, of rising against the Weight that is laid upon it. 1822Shelley Fragm. Unfin. Drama 167 The sheaths..Rose like the crest of cobra-dicapel. 1855tr. Ruffini's Dr. Antonio iii, Sir John's hair rose on his head.
h. Welsh dial. Of a funeral party: to depart from the home of the deceased or bereaved before the interment.
1959Western Mail (Cardiff) 18 Feb. 3/1 The funeral on Friday, Feb. 20, rising at 3 p.m., for interment at Gwaelod-y-Brithdir Cemetery. 1976Ibid. 8 Jan. 10/2 The funeral..will be rising at 2 p.m. for New Bethel Chapel, from her daughter's residence.
2. a. To get up, or regain one's feet, after a fall. Also transf. and fig.
c1205Lay. 1555 Ȝif he hine mid sweorde at-ran, nea ras he neuer mare. c1220Bestiary 627 Ðat ȝe ne falle..is most in hire ðoȝt, For he ne hauen no lið ðat he muȝen risen wið. c1368Chaucer Compl. Pite 17 Adovne I fel..Dede as stone,.. But vp I roose. c1400Destr. Troy 7778 Bothe were back⁓ward þere borne of þere horses,..But Achilles aftir auntrid to rise. 1415Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 104 Now syn the feend hath youen the a fal,..ryse vp & slynge him doun! a1542Wyatt in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 76 And if my hope sometimes ryse vp, by some redresse: It stumbleth straite, for feble faint. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. viii. 15 Downe he fell..; No powre he had to stirre, nor will to rize. 1667Milton P.L. i. 211 Chain'd on the burning Lake, nor ever thence Had ris'n or heav'd his head. 1781Cowper Truth 588 Pride falls unpitied, never more to rise. 1784― Task vi. 444 When he charg'd the Jew T'assist his foe's down-fallen beast to rise. 1885Rider Haggard K. Solomon's Mines xiv, More than three thousand four hundred had fallen in this one regiment, most of them never to rise again.
b. fig. To recover from a spiritual fall, or a state of sin.
c1200Ormin 2752 All swa birrþ himm forrþrihht anan All risenn upp off sinne. a1300Cursor M. 26516 Þan sal it helpe þe Vte o þi sin raþer to rise To crist. 1415Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 32 To longe haast thow bathid in þat folie! Ryse vp & pourge thee of thy trespas! 1563Winȝet Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 76 Sen the iust man sinnis seuin tymes on the day, and rysis agane. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scotl. Prol. 1 The radier walde thay ryse frome thair dark errouris. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 15 From this descent Celestial vertues rising, will appear More glorious and more dread then from no fall. 1781Cowper Truth 480 And is the soul, indeed, so lost?—she cries; Fall'n from her glory, and too weak to rise?
3. a. To get up from sleep or rest.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 13 Ðe ðridde is þat man be waker, and liht,..and erliche rise, and ȝernliche seche chireche. a1300E.E. Psalter iii. 5, I am methful, for i slepe; And i raas, for lauerd me kepe. c1386Chaucer Prol. 33, I..made forward erly for to ryse. c1400Destr. Troy 9213 Þen he rose fro his rest in a rad hast. c1440Alph. Tales 20 All his brether when þai hard þe bell, rase & went to matyns. c1500Melusine 360 On the next day erly geffray roos. 1558Goodman How to Obey 168 To talke of them..when they went to bed, and when they shuld rise. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage ii. xv. (1614) 193 Before their Pentecost, they rise before it is light. 1650Howell Lett. III. ii. 4 They must rise betimes that can put tricks upon you. 1711Addison Spect. No. 106 ⁋1 Sir Roger..lets me rise and go to Bed when I please. 1782F. Burney Cecilia vi. ix, I suppose..you will rise with the lark to-morrow morning? 1807Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) II. iv. 130 On the principle contained in the old proverb:—He that would thrive—must rise by five. 1810Crabbe Borough xx. 190 Although revived, I..went to rest, to wonder that I rose. 1859Tennyson Geraint 160 Guinevere lay late into the morn,..But rose at last.
fig.1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 106 The Mary-gold, that goes to bed with Sun, And with him rises, weeping. 1822Shelley Triumph Life 18 In succession due, did continent, Isle, ocean,..Rise as the Sun their father rose.
b. With up.
c1200Ormin 8363 He ras up & toc þe child,..& for till Issraæless land. c1300Havelok 584 Ris up swiþe,..And blou þe fir, and lith a kandel. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 95 Up I roos, and gan me clothe. 1423Jas. I King's Quair xi, And vp I rase, no langer wald I lye. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iv. i. 129 No doubt they rose vp early, to obserue The right of May. 1611Bible Gen. xxii. 3 Abraham rose vp earely in the morning. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxii. IV. 802 Every morning hundreds of thousands rose up hoping to hear that the treaty was signed. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 15 Nothing dark next day at sundawn! Up I rose and forth I fared.
c. In imp. phr. rise and shine , a command to wake up and leave one's bed. orig. Armed Forces'.
1916Recruiters' Bull. (U.S. Marine Corps) Apr. 11/2 He rapped at the door and in stentorian tones cried, ‘Rise and shine... Wiggle a toe.’ 1917Kipling Diversity of Creatures 237 A high sun over Asia shouting: ‘Rise and shine!’ 1927P. Riley Mem. Blue-Jacket 89 Hands were called at 5:30 a.m., the bo'sun's mates going around the deck shouting ‘All hands, rise and shine.’ 1946J. Irving Royal Navalese 146 Rise and shine!, the boatswains' mates' call to The Hands to roust them out in the morning. 1953G. Bell Black Marigolds xix. 189 Wakey, wakey, rise and shine, or have you fainted? 1973H. Nielsen Severed Key x. 105 ‘Rise and shine, lovebirds!’ he shouted. ‘The honeymoon is over!’
4. To return to life; to come back from death or out of the grave. Also with up.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 113 He..ros of deðe þe þridde dai. c1250Gen. & Ex. 261 Ihesus..Ros fro ded on ðe sunenday. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4810 For þai shalle with þam rys ogayn Þat byfor war dede. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋86 Riseth up, ye that been dede, and cometh to the Iugement. c1440Alph. Tales 15 Hym þoght þis monke rase owte of his grafe & come vnto hym. 1500–20Dunbar Poems ix. 67 We sall ryss compleit And tak our flesche agane. 1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 86 And so hee'll dye: and rising so againe..I shall not know him. 1624Donne Serm. xix. 191 Others were raised but He onely rose. 1699Bentley Phal. 64 They would never have believed, that he had rose from the dead. 1736Gentl. Mag. VI. 452/1 Were their Fore⁓fathers to rise up and to see any of their Descendants. 1784Cowper Task v. 830 Hasting to a grave, yet doom'd to rise. 1865Kingsley Herew. xxxiii, He beheld St. Etheldreda and her maidens rise from their tombs by night.
fig.1602Shakes. Ham. i. ii. 257 Foule deeds will rise, Though all the earth orewhelm them to mens eies. 1812Byron Ch. Har. i. lxxxiii. 7 And Vice..Had buried long his hopes, no more to rise. 1894Raleigh Eng. Novel ii, The literatures of Greece and Rome, rising from the grave.
5. a. To fall or set upon, to take hostile steps or measures against, one.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) lviii. 1 Alys me fram laðum, þe me lungre on risan willað. a1300E.E. Psalter iii. 1 Fele rise ogaine me. Ibid. xvii. 43 Þou..vnderlaide vnder me in me riseand. 1382Wyclif Ps. xvii. 49 Fro men risende in to me, thou shalt enhaunce me. a1425Cursor M. 12064 (Trin.), On ihesu roos þei alle bidene. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 111 Quhen men rais in our contrairie. 1611Bible Eccl. x. 4 If the spirit of the ruler rise vp against thee, leaue not thy place. 1653Milton Ps. lxxxvi. 49 O God the proud against me rise.
b. To make insurrection against (on, upon) one; to offer armed resistance; to rebel or revolt; to take up arms.
1154O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1135, For aᵹenes him risen sona þa ricemen þe wæron swikes. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 237 Edward wex fulle grim, whan he wist he [Llewelyn] was risen. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 537 The peple roos up⁓on him on a night For his defaute. 1415Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 386 Ne neuere they..With wepnes roos to slee folk, & assaille. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 7 Leders that unlaufully cause the seid people to gedre or rise. 1530Palsgr. 692/1, I remember well ynough, whan the commens of Cornewall dyd ryse. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, i. ii. 41 You Edward shall vnto my Lord Cobham, With whom the Kentishmen will willingly rise. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 136 Fool, not to think how vain Against th' Omnipotent to rise in Arms. 1781J. Moore Italy (1790) II. liii. 113 Subjects seldom rise through a desire of attacking. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xii, Do you know that every brother in the convent would rise to avenge it? 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xvii. IV. 16 The peaceful inhabitants..rose on the soldiers. 1874Green Short Hist. ii. §6. 85 The baronage seized the opportunity to rise in arms. Ibid. vi. §1. 274 Rouen rose against her feeble garrison.
fig.1850Tennyson In Mem. cxxii. 2 When I rose up against my doom. 1858M. Arnold Merope 46 Seek this [sc. hate]; revive, unite it, give it hope; Bid it rise boldly at the signal given.
6. a. Mil. To break up camp; to retire or draw off from (a siege).
a1557Diurn. Occurr. (Bann. Cl.) 32 Vpoun the saxtene day of Maij, the haill army raiss and come to Seytoun. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 109 The fifteenth his Lordship rose, and marching some fifteene miles, incamped in Evagh. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 86 Sultan Perwes and Mahobet-chan hasten..to relieve the Garrison e're the Rebels rose from before it. 1711Fingall MSS. in 10th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 131 His Majesty commanded the camp to rise and return towards Dublin. 1736Drake Eboracum 166 Not thinking themselves able to fight him and continue the siege, they resolved to rise.
b. Of a deliberative assembly or law-court: To adjourn, esp. for a vacation or recess.
1663Pepys Diary 2 June, The terme ended yesterday, and it seems the Courts rose sooner for want of causes than it is remembered to have done in the memory of man. 1675Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 487 After some time it was understood, that the Lords were rose without taking any consideration at all of our Conference. a1757E. Moore in Dodsl. Coll. Poems (1782) IV. 281 Now the parliament's rising, and bus'ness is done. 1790Jefferson Writ. (1859) III. 162 There is an idea that Congress will rise about the middle of July. 1837Lockhart Scott I. xi. 370 He had hurried up to town as soon as the Court of Session rose for the spring vacation. 1885Manch. Exam. 12 Aug. 5/1 It was generally understood that Parliament will rise on Friday next.
†7. to rise up to, to show deference or respect to (some authority, opinion, etc.). Obs.
For examples of rise to in literal sense, see to prep.
1621Bp. R. Montagu Diatribæ 520 Master Selden..thought himself to be the only man with the great shadow, unto whom wee poore ignorants in Philology ought to rise up and rely on. 1624― Gagg 32 Prove them [sc. traditions] true, undoubted and we rise up unto them. 1699Bentley Phal. 257 Who will not rise up now to this Gentleman's Opinion?
II. To ascend, mount up.
8. a. Of the heavenly bodies: To come above the horizon. Also transf. of daylight, darkness, etc.
c1200Ormin 7273 We sæȝhenn itt full brad & brihht æst, tær þe sunne riseþþ. c1250Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 26 To-janes þo sunne risindde. a1300Cursor M. 6751 If þe son be risen þan. c1374Chaucer Compl. Mars 2 Loo Venus rysen amonge yow rowes rede! a1400–50Alexander 5055 Sone as þe day-rawe rase he risis vp belyue. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 471 Ȝit haif I solace..quhill the sone ryse. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 105 Pourposynge whan the Mone rose, to take the towne of Tugie thereby. 1625N. Carpenter Geogr. Del. i. x. (1635) 223 With them a few starres are seen to set and rise. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 607 Till the Moon Rising in clouded Majestie,..unvaild her peerless light. 1712Blackmore Creation iv. 207 Nor would the various Seasons of the Year, By Turns revolving, rise and disappear. 1771Encycl. Brit. I. 486/2 Beginning at the moment when some star rose, and continuing until it rose the next following morning. 1832H. Martineau Hill & Valley viii. 124 That morning rose fair and bright. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 109 He has come before the dawn had risen to testify his zeal.
fig.c1200Ormin 7280 Crist iss ec..Þatt sunnebæm þatt riseþþ aȝȝ I gode menness herrtess. 1388Wyclif Mal. iv. 2 To ȝou..the sunne of riȝtwisnesse schal rise. c1550Sterne is rissin in Dunbar's Poems (1893) 329 The Sterne of glory is rissyn ws to gyd. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, iii. ii. 50 When this Theefe, this Traytor Bullingbrooke,..Shall see vs rising in our Throne, the East. 1736Gentl. Mag. VI. 460/1 Dullness..is a Thing of an uniform, fix'd Nature;..not rising and setting. 1781Cowper Table-T. 560 Thus genius rose and set at order'd times. 1821Shelley Hellas 195 Kings are like stars—they rise and set.
b. Similarly of other things, as vessels at sea.
1832Marryat N. Forster xlvii, Her fore-yard is but now clear of the water, but she rises very fast. 1850Tennyson In Mem. xii. 11, I..reach the glow of southern skies, And see the sails at distance rise. 1861C. Reade Cloister & H. xxxviii, A company of mounted soldiers..rose to sight on the brow of a hill.
9. a. Of smoke, vapour, or the like: To ascend into the air, mount up. Also fig.
a1300Cursor M. 1644 O þair malice mai naman speke Til heuen þer-of it rises þe smeke. 1382Wyclif Num. xxviii. 24 The moost swete smel.., the which shal ryse of the brent sacrifice. a1400–50Alexander 1566 Sum with sensours..Quare-of þe reke aromatike rase to þe welken. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 26 Thare rais out a reyk. 1526Tindale Rev. xix. 3 And agayne they said: Alleluya. And smoke rose vp for evermore. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies ii. vii. 97 For this reason the vapours rise not commonly in the night. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 630 As Ev'ning Mist Ris'n from a River o're the marish glides. 1765Gray Shaks. 22 From our works sublimer fumes shall rise. 1781Cowper Anti-Thelyphth. 94 Hypothesis..Bade rise in haste a dank and drizzling fog. 1821Shelley Epipsych. 470 From the sea there rise..clear exhalations. 1841Lane Arab. Nts. I. 83 Upon this, the Efreet shook, and became converted again into smoke, which rose to the sky.
b. Of trees, etc.: To grow, in respect of height. Also with complement.
1601Dolman La Primaud. Fr. Acad. (1618) iii. 755 It cannot stand vpright..if it be not alwaies propped, at least⁓wise when it riseth neuer so little high. 1608Shakes. Per. i. iv. 9 Even such our griefs are;..like to groves, being topp'd, they higher rise. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 823 Tisiphone..Every Moment rises to the Sight: Aspiring to the Skies. 1763Mills Syst. Pract. Husb. IV. 401 This tree seldom rises higher than from twenty to thirty feet. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XI. 371/2 There are three species, all of them exotic trees,..rising near 20 feet high. 1885Ibid. (ed. 9) XIX. 511/2 The American Aspen..seldom rising to a greater height than 30 feet.
10. a. Of the sea, rivers, or water: To increase in height, esp. through the tides or floods; to swell.
a1300Cursor M. 1425 Fra noe quen þe flod ras Til abraham. Ibid. 1767 Þe see [gan] to ris, þe erth to riue. c1425Wyntoun Cron. iv. iii. 200 Þe rywere off Ewfrate Swa reithe þan risande was of spate Þat he na mycht þe towne cum nere. a1547Surrey in Tottel's Misc. (Arber) 16 In grene waues when the salt flood Doth rise, by rage of winde. 1596Harington Metam. Ajax (1814) 119 He observed still that the deeper he sunk, the higher the water rose. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 66 When the river riseth, it..overfloweth the fields on both sides. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 824 Till inundation rise Above the highest Hills. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 50 The Tide rising and setting in to the Shore. 1776Semple Building in Water 47 The Water had rose only thirteen Inches. 1836Marryat Midsh. Easy xxvi, The sun was obscured..and the sea was rising fast. 1890Wallace Darwinism 24 The river sometimes rose 30 feet in eight hours.
transf.1535Coverdale Jer. xlvi. 8 It is Egipte that ryseth vp like the floude. 1819Shelley Peter Bell 3rd iv. xxii, And wit, like ocean, rose and fell.
b. To attain to a greater height or size; to swell up; to puff out.
a1425Cursor M. 11120 (Trin.), Bi þis hir wombe bigon to rise. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Cresco, Mœnia crescunt, the walles rise in heigth or are builded vp higher. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 517 All manner of grain..and such things cause them to rise in flesh gratefully. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 82 All children are a little camoised about the Nose before the bridge riseth. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 103 It hath crack'd, flaw'd, and rose in ridges. a1776R. James Diss. Fevers (ed. 8) 51 The blister..rose well, and discharged plentifully. 1807Med. Jrnl. XVII. 26 The only ones whose arms did not rise, were the two infants. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. ix. 102 Leaving the blisters..until they rise fully;..when risen it will not be necessary to cut them at once.
c. Of dough or paste: To ‘work’ or swell under leaven; to expand under heat. (Cf. raise v. 33 b.)
1548Elyot, Fermentesco, to..rise vppe by leauenyng. 1764E. Moxon Eng. Housew. (ed. 9) 111 Mix all these together in a very light paste, set it before the fire till it rise. c1860My Receipt Bk. (ed. 2) 69 If the oven is too slow it will be deficient in colour, and not rise well. 1875Encycl. Brit. III. 253/2 Generally in from four to five hours the sponge ‘rises’.
d. Of fluids: To reach a higher level in a containing vessel. Hence of a thermometer or barometer in respect of the mercury in the tube.
1658Willsford Nature's Secr. 153 If the water..rises or falls a degree,..the weather will quickly change. 1679Moxon Math. Dict. (1700) 23 Quick-silver in a Tube of Glass that Rises against fair Dry Weather. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 393 Resembling a gut filled with water, pressed with the fingers, to make the fluid rise, or fall. 1858Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Phil. 224 The water continues to rise, until it passes through the valve. 1860Merc. Mar. Mag. VII. 339 A barometer begins to rise..before the conclusion of a gale.
e. Of liquids, molten metal: To boil up.
1839[see rising vbl. n. 9 b]. 1853A. Soyer Pantropheon 274 Let the mixture rise three times, then take it from the fire. 1884W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron xviii. 424 The softer tempers of crucible steel rise or boil in the moulds after teeming.
11. Of the heart or emotions:
a. To be elated with joy or hope; to become more cheerful.
c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 278 Ther-with his herte gan to spede and rise. c1375Cursor M. 24489 (Fairf.), Mi hert be-gan to rise & liȝt & my chere to amende. 1621Lady M. Wroth Urania 397 Her heart rise a little in deluding hope. 1781Cowper Table-T. 279 His spirits rising as his toils increase. 1891R. W. Church Oxf. Movem. 42 The correspondence shows..the way in which Froude's spirit rose, under the sense of having such a friend to work with.
b. To be stirred by excitement, esp. by indignation or passion (against a person or thing).
c1325Song of Yesterday 89 in E.E.P. (1862) 135 Þe fest wol make his flesche to ris And drawe his herte to vanite. 1530Palsgr. 692/2 As ones herte ryseth, whan there is a sodayne daunger towardes hym... My herte ryseth agaynst him. 1621Lady M. Wroth Urania 375, I was in an Agony to see it, my bloud rise, and all my senses were sensible but of disorder. 1710Steele Tatler No. 247 ⁋6, I feel all the Woman rise in me, when I reflect upon the nauseous Rogues that pretend to deceive us. 1746P. Francis tr. Horace, Ep. ii. i. 103, I feel my honest indignation rise, When [etc.]. 1819Macaulay in Trevelyan Life (1890) 69 When I cease..to feel my soul rise against oppression, I shall think myself unworthy to be your son.
c. Of the stomach: To nauseate or keck (at something). Also fig.
1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 163 A roust that is sa rankild quhill risis my stomok. 1602Shakes. Ham. v. i. 207 And how abhorred my Imagination is, my gorge rises at it. 1766–[see gorge n.1 5 b].
12. a. To extend directly upwards or away from the ground; to exhibit successive superposition of parts; to form an elevation from the level.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4577 Brod & þykke þe gynnynge was, & euere hit nareweþ rysande on heyght. 14..Sailing Directions (Hakl. Soc., 1889) 21 Than go your cours..and ye shall not faile much of Stepilhorde; he risith all rounde as it were a Coppid hille. 1435Indenture Fotheringhey in Dugdale Monast. (1846) VI. 1414/2 Abof the dore of the said stepill a wyndow rysing in hight al so high as the grete arche of the stepill. 1508Dunbar Golden Targe 34 On every syde the hegies raise on hicht. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. ii. 135 In sindrie places he commandet to be erected gret kairnis of stanes, four square vndirneth,..ryseng vpe poyntlings lyke a steiple. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 288 There riseth up an high mount. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 159 At the foot of this Mountain there rises another. 1709Pope Spring 37 Four figures rising from the work appear. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 65 Along the lawn, where scattered hamlets rose. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair iii, A very stout, puffy man..with several immense neck-cloths, that rose almost to his nose. 1874Green Short Hist. iii. §4. 129 To the west of the town rose one of the stateliest of English castles.
fig.1738Gray Propertius iii. 36 No mountain-structures in my verse should rise. 1779Sheridan Critic i. ii, Each epithet rising above the other.
b. To have an upward slant or curve; to slope or incline upwards.
1634Milton Comus 306 What readiest way would bring me to that place? Co. Due west it rises from this shrubby point. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. II. 10/2 If the plain be smooth.., not rising or sinking on any side. 1771Encycl. Brit. III. 585/2 To make a ship go smoothly through the water, without pitching hard, her keel should be long, her floor long and not rising high afore or aft. 1839Murchison Silur. Syst. i. xxxvi. 503 This anomalous appearance of the coal measures rising against, instead of dipping under the New Red. 1847W. C. L. Martin The Ox 3/2 Horns..rising in a gentle curve directly up and out. 1865G. Macdonald A. Forbes 27 Looking up the lane, which rose considerably towards the other end.
13. a. To move or be carried upwards; to ascend.
c1400Pilgr. Sowle iii. iv. (Caxton, 1483) 52 Thenne sawe I a wonderfull engyne of a grete whele, it roos oute of a litel dore, and torned doun at another. 1530Palsgr. 692/1, I ryse a lofte (Lydgat), je monte en hault. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. v. 15 'Tis he, I ken the manner of his gate, He rises on the toe. 1667Milton P.L. i. 545 All in a moment..were seen Ten thousand Banners rise into the Air..: with them rose A Forrest huge of Spears. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 95 She rises in her Gate. 1754Gray Pleasure 17 Rise, my soul! on wings of fire. 1781Cowper Retirement 655 The trumpet—will it sound? the curtain rise? 1842Tennyson Locksley Hall 80 Where the dying night-lamp flickers, and the shadows rise and fall. 1884Pall Mall G. 6 Aug. 2 We rose about five times to the height of the Palace, and redescended.
transf. and fig.1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. ii. iii. 16 Say to me, whose Fortunes shall rise higher, Cæsars or mine? 1712Addison Spect. No. 420 ⁋3 If we yet rise higher, and consider the fixt Stars as so many vast Oceans of Flame. 1790Cowper My Mother's Picture 110 But higher far my proud pretensions rise.
b. Of birds: To take wing and ascend from the ground.
1528Lyndesay Dreme 112 With that thay rais, & flew furth out of my sycht. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. ii. 22 Russet-pated choughes..(Rising and cawing at the guns report). 1647Ward Simp. Cobler 19 Young Spaniels, questing at every bird that rises. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VI. 54 The pelican..is slow of flight; and when it rises to fly, performs it with difficulty and labour. 1821Scott Pirate xxxi, The grouse..rose in covey. 1852Tennyson Ode Wellington 119 Again their ravening eagle rose In anger. 1899Westm. Gaz. 15 Dec. 2/2 The birds..in such places..offer far easier marks than when they rise in the woodlands.
c. Typog. (See quots.)
1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xvi. 240 He knocks up the Quoins so hard, as that he thinks the Form may Rise. Ibid. xxiv. 389 A Form is said to Rise, when in Rearing it off the Correcting-stone no Letter or Furniture, etc. stay behind. 1888Jacobi Printers' Vocab. 113 A forme is said to rise when it springs through bad locking up and the type gets off its feet. The term is also used when quadrats and furniture black in printing through imperfect justification.
d. Of food: To come up in the gullet; to repeat. dial.
1736Pegge Kenticisms (E.D.S.) 43 The radishes ‘ride’, i.e. rise upon the stomach. 1817Lintoun Green v. vii, My paritch soon will rise!
e. Mining. (See quot.)
1802Mawe Min. Gloss., Rising, a man working above his head in the roof, is said to be rising.
f. Of a horse in leaping. Also const. to.
1839Lever H. Lorrequer ii, Sir Roger when within two yards of the brink rose to it, and cleared it like a deer. 1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rur. Sports 409/2 Some imperfectly taught hunters are apt to get too close to the fence before rising.
14. a. To come up to the surface of the ground or water. Also with out.
1530Palsgr. 692/1 It is a plesaunt syght to se the water ryse up or ryse out..out of a spring. 1560P. Whitehorne Arte of Warre (1573) 102 b, They made a way under ground secretely, which risse in the towne. 1655Theophania 4 If the mariners..had not been very speedy in giving him assistance..as he rise agen above the water. 1808tr. Lagrange's Chem. I. 266 If muriate of soda and lime be boiled together, with water, the soda rises to the surface. 1816Byron Parisina vi, The breaking billow, Which..dashes on the pointed rock The wretch who sinks to rise no more. 1862S. St. John Forests Far East II. 41 A large alligator rose within three feet of the boat.
b. Of a fish: To come to the surface of the water to take a fly, bait, etc.
1653Walton Angler i. v. 127 He will sometimes rise at a dead Mouse, or a piece of cloth, or any thing that seemes to swim cross the water. 1674N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (1677) iv. 18 All Flies are very good in their season, for such Fish as rise at the Fly. 1726Gentl. Angler 154 Any Fish is said to Rise, when he endeavours to take a real, or artificial Fly on the Surface of the Water. 1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 24 When you see a fish rise near you, guide your fly over him immediately, and he's your own. 1867Francis Angling i. (1880) 33 If the roach are rising freely, it will be desirable to find out what they are rising at.
fig.1863G. A. Lawrence Border & Bastille iii. 54 The lady was a vehement Unionist, and ‘rose’, very freely, on the subject of the war. 1884Grant Allen Strange Stories 204 He rose to the fly with a charming simplicity. 1932E. M. Brent-Dyer Chalet Girls in Camp xii. 193 ‘I said it to make Juliet rise—and she hasn't risen!’ cried Jo. 1966Listener 6 Oct. 507/2, I should perhaps apologise for having risen to the bait of Mr Wilkinson's provocative letter. 1974‘J. Le Carré’ Tinker, Tailor i. 17 He knew they were teasing him but he was unable not to rise.
c. Of stone: ? To come out of the ground or quarry in a certain form.
a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) III. 125 Such alabaster is found in small bunches..: it riseth not (to use the language of workmen) in great blocks. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §200 Stone that naturally rises in flat beds, or that can easily be split to any thickness.
III. To attain to a higher stage or degree.
15. a. To ascend to a higher level of action, feeling, thought, or expression; to become more elevated, striking, impressive, or intense.
c1200Ormin 6014 God mann riseþþ aȝȝ uppwarrd Inn alle gode dedess. c1440Pallad. on Husb. xiii. 84 Gramerci, Lord, that list..do me sumdel rise Thy self in hym to se. 1668Dryden Dram. Poesy Ess. (ed. Ker) I. 88 Of this admirable plot; the business of it rises in every act. a1685Roscommon (J.), Your author always will the best advise, Fall when he falls, and when he rises, rise. 1712Addison Spect. No. 417 ⁋6 Horace..always rises above himself, when he has Homer in his View. 1779Sheridan Critic i. i, Dang[le]. The interest rather falls off in the fifth [act]. Sir Fret[ful]. Rises, I believe you mean, sir. 1836Random Recoll. Ho. Lords 375 In any of the speeches I have heard him deliver, I could never recognise anything which rose above mediocrity. 1850McCosh Div. Govt. i. i. (1874) 23 We shall rise beyond law to life, and beyond life to love. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 6 There are not wanting thoughts and expressions in which he [Plato] rises to the highest level.
b. Const. to action of some kind; to prove equal to an occasion, demand, etc.
[a1300Cursor M. 27195 Quatkin strengh him draf þer-till, Quat..Did him to þat sin to rise.] 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. viii. 681 They rise to the use of unlimited terms. 1850Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. 173 We do not rise to philanthropy all at once. 1868G. J. Whyte-Melville White Rose vi, Rising, as he flattered himself, to the occasion. 1888Burgon Lives 12 Good Men II. xi. 329 [He] rose to the requirements of his new sphere of duty. 1889E. Dowson Let. 12 Apr. (1967) 66 Limehouse won't produce a dinner but if you can stand it ‘possibly my old Sonia's larder may rise’—not ‘to the occasion’ but to a scratch tea. 1906G. B. Shaw Let. 7 May (1972) II. 622 The tenor..rose to the occasion and was bully. 1922H. Crane Let. 7 Dec. (1965) 107 This parodist and facile assessor could so gracefully rise to the occasion of a new attitude. 1952M. Laski Village ii. 38 Sheila had risen splendidly to the occasion and offered..to wash up. 1975Harper's & Queen May 138/2, I told my parents... It would be a mistake to say they were enthusiastic, but they do rise to the occasion.
16. a. To advance in consequence, rank, influence, fortune, or social position; to attain to distinction or power; to come into estimation. † Also with up.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 6042 Ful wykked ys þat coueytyse, with oþer mennes gode falsly to ryse. c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 683 From humble bed to roial magestee Vp roos he, Iulius the Conquerour. c1470Harding Chron. lv, By example of this kyng Caranse, through robbery resen of poore bloode to royall estate. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. iii. xxiii, Some by handicraft, some by merchandise, some by other kind of living, rise and come forward in the world. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 56 Folke saie, better syt styll than ryse and fall. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. i. 38 Some rise by sinne, and some by vertue fall. 1625N. Carpenter Geogr. Del. ii. xiii. (1635) 205 Such men as haue risen to greatnes by their Wealth..sought out new pedegrees and Ancesters. 1701W. Wotton Hist. Rome 332 He rose..to be Advocate of the Treasury. 1738Gentl. Mag. VIII. 41/1 When Rome was rising into pow'r. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 148 More skilled to raise the wretched than to rise. 1801Strutt Sports & Past. i. iii. 36 Swift running horses of course rose into estimation. 1836Irving Astoria I. 31 He had risen from small beginnings to take his place among the first merchants and financiers of the country. 1865Trollope Belton Est. xi, He was..prudent, steady in his habits, a man likely to rise in the world.
fig.1844Macaulay Chatham Ess. (1897) 774 Meetings, which at another time would have been harmless, now turned to riots, and rapidly rose to the dignity of rebellions.
b. To improve or go up in one's opinion, estimation, etc.; to grow upon one.
1633Ford Broken Heart iii. iii, May my duty Still rise in your opinion, sacred princess. 1780S. J. Pratt Emma Corbett (ed. 4) II. 121, I have again beheld the source of my admiration... She rises every moment upon me. 1835Macaulay in Trevelyan Life 29 May, The character of Socrates does not rise upon me.
c. To increase one's speed. Const. into.
1814Jane Austen Mansf. Park vii, They rose into a canter.
d. to rise upon, to be superior to. rare—1.
1816Crabb Eng. Synonyms (1826) 725/2 [The idea of] the word Seem rises upon that of Appear.
17. a. To increase in amount, number, or degree; to amount or reach to. † Also const. to with infin.
c1200Ormin 11262 Ȝiff þu takesst onn att an & tellesst forþ till fowwre, Þa riseþþ upp þin tale anan Inntill þe tale off tene. a1300Cursor M. 5865 Þai rise and bredes ai mare and mare, Bot wel mare if þai idel ware. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. i. 14 [He] neuer ioy'd since the price of oats rose. 1623Camden Rem (ed. 3) 47 Achilles forsooth must needes vanquish Hector, because the numerall Greeke letters rose to a greater number in his name then in the others. a1715Burnet Own Time (1724) II. 222 That did not rise up to be treason. 1746P. Francis tr. Horace, Sat. i. ii. 24 His expenses, with his income, rise. 1776Adam Smith W.N. i. xi. (1904) I. 247 It is not their nominal price only, but their real price, which rises in the progress of improvement. 1827Cobbett Prot. Ref. ix. §269 Under penalties, which rose at last to death itself. 1873Ruskin Fors Clav. xxix. (1906) II. 109 Let my poor housewife keep her sheep in her near fields..and the weekly bills will not rise.
transf.1705Addison Italy 404 The Great Duke rises on 'em in his Demands, and will not be satisfy'd with less than a Hundred Thousand Crowns.
b. To become dearer or more valuable; to increase in price, value, etc.
1513–4Act 5 Hen. VIII, c. 3 Preamble, Wolle is resyn of a farre gretter price then it was at the making of the said Acte. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 166 b, Wheat was only at .xv.s. the quarter, & from thence it rose to .xx.s. 1677A. Yarranton Eng. Improv. 24 Then the Houses will rise in their Rents. 1691Locke Money Wks. 1714 II. 74 'Tis said Bullion is risen to 6s. 5d. the ounce. 1712Addison Spect. No. 414 ⁋3 If the Products of Nature rise in Value, according as they more or less resemble those of Art. 1776Adam Smith W.N. i. xi. (1904) I. 245 As gold rose in its price in proportion to silver,..so silver might rise in its price. 1804G. Rose Diaries (1860) II. 136 The Funds rose 1 per cent. on the news. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair v, Here's good news in the paper. Sugar is ris', my boy.
18. a. Of the wind: To increase in force; to become (more) vehement.
Not always distinguishable from sense 23 a.
c1620Z. Boyd Zion's Flowers (1855) 35 The tempest's riseing. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 37 As they were weighing Anchor, the wind ris' so.., that the Master and his Counsel chang'd their design. 1736Pope Let. to Swift 25 Mar., The winds rise, and the winter comes on. 1757W. Wilkie Epigoniad v. 126 Command the winds in bolder gusts to rise. 1814Scott Diary 6 Sept. in Lockhart, About eight the tide begins to run very strong, and the wind rising at the same time, makes us somewhat apprehensive for our boat. 1883Encycl. Brit. XVI. 126/1 A breeze from the sea..which gradually rises to a stiff breeze during the heat of the day.
b. Of the voice, etc.: To increase in pitch or volume; to ascend in the musical scale (often with complement).
1548Elyot, Ascendo,..applyed also to the voyce whan it mounteth or ryseth. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Vox, Excitare vocem, to rise in speakyng by little and little. 1597T. Morley Introd. Music 72 If the base rise or fall, you must not rise and fall iust as manie notes as your base did. 1674Playford's Skill Mus. iii. (ed. 7) 4 If your Bass should fall a seventh, it is but the same as if it did rise a second. 1730Treat. Harmony 22 The Treble or Upper Part Rises a Fifth. 1748J. Mason Elocut. 29 In a Climax, the Voice should always rise with it. 1818Shelley Rev. Islam vi. xlii, The tones of Cythna's voice..rose and fell, Mixed with mine own in the tempestuous air. 1846Dickens Battle of Life i, His voice rising with his reasoning, so that it was very loud at last. 1879E. Prout Harmony ix, In both cases the bass rises to the third of the tonic chord.
c. To become more intense or strong; to increase in strength to a certain point.
1593Shakes. Lucr. 257 O, how her fear did make her colour rise! 1607Middleton Michaelmas Term iii. i. 126 The fire is..but new kindled yet: if 'twere risse to a flame [etc.]. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 286 She felt something extraordinary, which made the colour rise in her face. 1820Shelley Cenci iii. ii. 12 As a dying pulse rises and falls. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. 177 At 7 p.m. we found that the fever was again rising. 1874J. R. Green Short Hist. ii. §8. 104 In the presence of danger the courage of the man rose to its full height.
IV. To spring up, come into existence.
19. Of persons: To come upon the scene; to appear; to be born; to spring or issue of or from a person or family. Also with up.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 4152 Swilc prophete in folc of israel Ros non. 13..Cursor M. 1199 (Gött.), Vr lauerd had ordained ȝeit A child to rise in his ospringe, Þat all suld vte of baret bringe. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 272 False cristis schullen ryse. c1425Wyntoun Cron. i. Prol. 100 As of angell and of man First to ryse þe kynd began. c1449Pecock Repr. v. iii. 497 Aftir the daies of the Apostlis roosen also manye vntrewe sectis of Cristen men. 1563Winȝet Wks. (S.T.S.) II. 50 Gif a prophet sal ryiss in the middis of thee. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. iv. 102 One Ioane de Puzel.., A holy Prophetesse, new risen vp. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 6 Unles he had rise up about the latter end of the last century. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 326 Of the Royal Stock Of David (so I name this King) shall rise A Son. 1711Addison Spect. No. 111 ⁋7 The several Generations of rational Creatures, which rise up and disappear in such quick Successions. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Ep. ii. i. 26 No prince so great, so wise Hath ever risen, or shall ever rise. 1813Shelley Q. Mab iv. 227 They rise, they fall; one generation comes... It fades, another blossoms.
20. a. Of plants or trees: To spring up; to grow.
a1300Cursor M. 1418 Þe pipins war don vnder his tung, Þar ras o þam thre wandes yong. 1460Pol., Rel., & L. Poems (1903) 246 Lord! sende me sum ‘amor’ sede, In my gardyn to rote and ryse. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 37 b, Wherewith they wyll better seede, and sooner ryse. 1598Bp. Hall Sat. iv. iii, The Palme doth rifely rise in Iury field. 1667Milton P.L. x. 555 Imagining For one forbidden Tree a multitude Now ris'n. 1705Addison Italy 1 Abundance of sweet Plants that rise naturally. 1763Mills Pract. Husb. II. 207 The plants rose well, and throve greatly before winter. 1823New Monthly Mag. IX. 418/1 Potatoes of the early sort have risen exceedingly well.
b. Of blisters, etc.: To become prominent on the skin or surface.
1388Wyclif Lev. xiii. 2 A man in whos skyn and fleisch rysith dyuerse colour, ether whelke [etc.]. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §61 There is a blyster rysen vnder the tounge. 1586G. Whitney Embl. ii. 217 Like bubbles smalle that on the waters rise. 1611Bible 2 Chron. xxvi. 19 The leprosie euen rose vp in his forehead. 1643J. Steer tr. Exp. Chyrurg. x. 44 If there be no blisters risen,..apply some Oyntment. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 840 Red Blisters rising on their Paps appear.
21. a. To originate, to result or issue. Const. of, from, out of.
a1300Cursor M. 4351, I mai neuer mar be sund, Bot if mi bote mai rese [v.r. rise] o þe. c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 944 She of whom rist al thy wo Here-after may thy comfort been al-so. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 34 Eyther they ryse of some vayne curiosite aboute the secretes of god, or [etc.]. 1569in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 126 Other ordinarie chardges rising by meanes of the said office. 1638Shirley Duke's Mistress v. iv, If there be few good women in the world, The fault risse first from one of our own sex. 1681J. Flavel Meth. Grace xxiv. 421 Whatever rises from self alwayes aims at and terminates in self. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. vi. §7 Difficulties must be supposed to rise from different idioms. 1761Gray Odin 79 Tell me, whence their sorrows rose. 1810Crabbe Borough xxiv. 408 But then from study will no comforts rise?
†b. To result or accrue to one. Obs.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.) 17 b, He hath ordeyned in euery temptacyon that is resysted great profyte therby to ryse to man. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 34 b, Perceiuyng the swete gaine whiche rose to him, by the abode of the two English Erles in his Countrey.
†c. To be based or founded upon something.
1530Palsgr. Introd. 22 The consyderations..ryse nat upon a barbarous rudenesse. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 131 Our liuing riseth on the gaine of our enemies.
d. To be produced or derived.
1549Latimer 1st Serm. Edw. VI (Arb.) 40 A great market Towne..wher do rise yereli of their labours to the value of l. pounde. 1571Digges Pantom. i. xviii. F j, Then multiplie 133 with 120, so ryseth 15960. 1615W. Lawson Country Housew. Gard. (1626) 9 Whatsoeuer can be said for the benefit rising from an Orchard. 1664Evelyn Sylva 101 If in preparing the Hearth, at first, there did not rise sufficient turf and rubbish for this work, supply it from some convenient place neer to your heap. 1714in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 557 The said mony or any other that shall rise from the selling of timber.
22. a. To come to pass, come about, occur, happen, take place.
c1200Ormin 7203 Þe laþe gastess þeww Iss gramm..whannse he seþ þatt Godess rihht & Godess laȝhe riseþþ. a1300Cursor M. 7657 Son efter þis a batail ras. Ibid. 21874 Hunger and qualm, and nede i-nogh In erth sal rise. 1382Wyclif Prov. xxiv. 22 For sodeynli at ones shal rise the perdicioun of hem. c1400Rom. Rose 3115 Sir, it may not fall; That ye desire, it may not ryse. c1470Henry Wallace i. 44 Quharfor thair rais a full grewous debate. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 75 b, Wordes rose betwene Mousire Chatelion & Richard Gibson. 1571in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 339 Yf it do happen..any controversy to ryse. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 245 That his Lp. might heare and compose the differences risen betweene them. 1671Milton Samson 1254 Lest a question rise Whether he durst accept the offer or not. 1714Addison Spect. No. 565 ⁋2 A Thought rose in me which I believe very often perplexes Men of serious..Natures. 1792M. Wollstonecraft Rights Wom. 292 This sentiment has frequently rose spontaneously in my mind. 1847Tennyson Princess Concl. 23 Then rose a little feud betwixt the two.
b. To come to hand. rare—1.
1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ix. 59 There chaunced to the Princes hand to rize An auncient booke.
23. a. Of wind, etc.: To begin to blow or rage; to get up. (Cf. 18 a.)
a1300Cursor M. 1762 Þe stormes rase on ilka side. Ibid. 22630 Windes on ilk side sal rise,..fast gain oþer sal þai blau. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4865 Þis fire þat thurgh þe world sal ryse, Sal com þan fra sere partyse. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 337 A storme sal rise..Al obout by est and west. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 52 Thare rais sik a tempest that nouthir..had power to stryke a strake. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lvii. 194 A meruaylous tempest rose on the see. 1582N. Lichefield tr. Castanheda's Conq. E. Ind. i. xli. 95 In a storme, that rose sodainly upon them. 1655Theophania 10 There rise so great a wind, which came directly off from the Sea. 1728–46Thomson Spring 114 If, brush'd from Russian wilds, a cutting gale Rise not. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 25 At her [fancy's] command winds rise and waters roar. 1850Tennyson In Mem. xv. 1 To-night the winds begin to rise And roar from yonder dropping day. 1887Morris Odyssey xii. 326 And month-long no breeze at all Rose up o'er the sea.
b. Of sounds: To strike upon the ear, esp. in a loud manner.
13..K. Alis. 2158 (Bodl. MS.), Now rist grete tabor betyng. 1375Barbour Bruce x. 657 Than throu the castell ras the cry. 1508Dunbar Flyting 227 Of laidis and lownis thair ryssis sic ane noyis. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 56 Forthwith a hideous gabble rises loud Among the Builders. 1821Shelley Prometheus i. 132 Ha, what an awful whisper rises up! 1852M. Arnold Empedocles i. i. 84 In this clear mountain air, a voice will rise, Though from afar, distinctly.
c. Of reports, rumours, etc.: To come into circulation; to become current.
a1300Cursor M. 14000 Þe word o ihesu was risen brade. Ibid. 14362 Son oueral þis tiþand ras O lazar þat vpraisid was. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxv. 119 Alssone as any rumour begynnez to ryse þat touchez þe emperour. c1425Wyntoun Cron. ii. xvi. 1523 Sic nayme rase of þat ryal rowt Þat landys seyr of þaim and dowte. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 96 While the King and the Emperor loked on the letter, a sodein noise rose emongest both their subiectes, that it was a letter of defiance. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. v. 287 A rumour about this tyme rais in the cuntrie. 1859Tennyson Enid 24 But when a rumour rose about the Queen, Touching her guilty love for Lancelot.
24. Of a river, etc.: To have its spring or source. † Also of a country: To begin.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xiii. xi. (Bodl. MS.), Chobar is a ryuer of Babilonia and..riseþ oute of Tigris oþer of Euphrates. c1425Wyntoun Cron. i. xiii. 1285 Italy..risis at þe Alpis hie, And haldis on to þe Mekyl Se. 1495Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xiii. xi. 445 Gazan is a ryuer of the Medes and..he risyth in the Eest and is receyued in the redde see. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Oritur fons in monte, a spring riseth in the hill. 1604E. G[rimstone] tr. D'Acosta's Hist. Indies ii. vi. 94 A branch of a river which they see rise and enter into the sea neare the banke. 1738Gray Tasso 52 The birth of rivers riseing to their course. 1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Parret, It is joined by the Tone, or Thone, a pretty large river, rising among the hills in the western parts of this county. 1839Penny Cycl. XIV. 4/1 The Tetney river rises from two springs. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 276 Rio San Carlos rises in the Sierra Blanca region.
25. a. To be built or reared.
1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 197 Of the Bridge I finde no beginning but I suspect that it rose by the Archbishops. 1610G. Fletcher Christ's Tri. 78 In mid'st of this Citie cœlestiall, Whear the eternall Temple should haue rose. 1657Howell Londinop. 30 After the erection of Christ's Hospital, which risse out of the ruins of the Grey Fryars. 1769Gray Installat. Ode 53 Bad these awful fanes and turrets rise. 1784Cowper Task v. 144 Silently as a dream the fabric rose. 1813Shelley Q. Mab ii. 127 Beside the eternal Nile, The Pyramids have risen. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 289 Bastions and ravelins were everywhere rising. Ibid. 356 Streets and alleys which are still named after him were rising on that site.
fig.1741–2Gray Agrippina 121 On this base My great revenge shall rise.
b. (See quot.)
1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 45 If the stookes rise thicke or rise well, i.e. if they stande thicke: for this is the usual phraise hereabouts.
26. a. To spring up, to come into existence, by growth or creation.
1601Holland Pliny I. 41 The wealth is such of mettals and mines,..so rich, so fruitfull, rising still one vnder another for so many ages. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. State iii. iv. 158 Travell not too early before thy judgement be risen. 1745Trans. & Paraphr. Scot. Ch. xxxvii, At once th' obedient Earth and Skies rose at his Sov'reign Word. 1781Cowper Retirement 200 Oh nature! whose Elysian scenes disclose His bright perfections at whose word they rose. 1821Shelley Sonn. to Byron 6 The mind which..Marks your creations rise as fast and fair As perfect worlds at the Creator's will.
b. To come before the eye or mind.
1712Addison Spect. No. 421 ⁋7 He can..make Scenes rise up before us and seem present to the Eye. 1780Coxe Russ. Disc. 193 The prowess of Yermac..rose upon their recollection. 1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. lxxviii. 6 His was not the love..of the dead who rise upon our dreams. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre xiii, The subjects had indeed risen vividly on my mind. 1884tr. Lotze's Logic 156 He who follows the directions..must see the picture he is desired to form rise before his mind's eye.
V. trans.
27.
†a. To rear or erect. Obs. rare—1.
c1425Cursor M. 14755 (Trin.), Ȝif ȝe þis temple felle to grounde, I shal hit rise [other MSS. raise] in litil stounde.
b. To raise (the dead) to life. rare.
c1440Myrc Festial (E.E.T.S.) 206 Woldyst þou now of þi godnes ryse my wyfe to lyfe. 1754J. Shebbeare Matrimony (1766) I. 109 Well knowing, that..they could as well have..risen the Dead, as have risen Two Thousand Pounds. 1839Lever H. Lorrequer lii, The clatter of my equipage over the pavement might have risen the dead.
28. a. To rouse or stir up; to start; to put up or flush (birds); to cause to rise.
15..Adam Bel ii, Where that men walke both east and west,..To ryse the dere out of theyr denne. Ibid. xx, They rysed the towne of mery Carlel. 1562Child-Marriages 108 The said Roger was the first that rysed this tale hym-self. 1677Sedley Ant. & Cl. ii. i, When raging winds rise tempests on the main. 1865Atkinson Prov. Danby, Rise, to raise, cause to rise, flush or cause to..fly, as a bird. 1882Payne-Gallway Fowler in Ireland 36 Will some jealous shore-shooter fire to rise them. 1893Gower Surrey Gloss. 33 He walked ever so far, and rose a blister on his heel.
b. Angling. To cause or induce (a fish) to come to the surface of the water. Also fig.
1850Kingsley Alt. Locke vi, To rise a dean and two beauties at the first throw, and hook them fast. 1867Francis Angling xii. (1880) 457, I killed three salmon and rose many more. 1892Field 9 Jan. 41/1 At almost every cast I rose a fish.
29. a. To increase; to make higher or dearer. Now rare exc. dial.
1605Verstegan's Dec. Intell. Commend. Verses, Beare on thy wings their glorie up on high, And rise the reputation by the same. 1740W. Douglass Disc. Curr. Brit. Plant. Amer. 32 In France their recoinings..did rise the price of Goods. 1796Nelson 11 Sept. in Nicolas Disp. (1846) VII. p. cxi, The report..making the people rise the price of provisions. 1892Standard 4 Mar. 3/4 Lord Durham has risen the price of his coal 2s. per ton at the pitmouth.
b. U.S. To exceed in number or amount.
1838‘B. Smith’ Motley Bk. 177 Brother George counted the strokes of his arm upon the cushion, and he thinks he rose a hundred in the course of the sermon. 1877S. O. Jewett Deephaven 133, I like well enough to see a hog that'll weigh six hundred,..but for my eatin' give me one that'll just rise three.
30. a. Naut. = raise v.1 24 b.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. i. ii. 18 We rise her apace;..we shall be up with her in three Glasses. 1836E. Howard R. Reefer xli, We had risen the [ship], so as to clear her broadside from the water's edge. 1842Marryat P. Keene III. 22 Since she had tacked, she had risen her hull out of the water. 1890Clark Russell Ocean Tragedy II. xviii. 99 We had risen the yacht to the line of her rail.
b. To raise; to lift up; to cause to ascend or mount up.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), To Rise the Tacks, (in Sea-Language) is to slacken the Ropes call'd Tacks. 1776Semple Building in Water 3 This high Tide..rose the Water to such a prodigious Height. Ibid. 109 To rise or bank up the Bed of the River. 1839Carleton Fardorougha v, My heart never was more ris to God. 1897E. W. Hamilton Outlaws 28 The frost was rising the mist from the rain-soaked bent.
c. To cut (a caper) in the air. rare—1.
1712Steele Spect. No. 376 ⁋2 She has seen him rise six or seven Capers together with the greatest Ease imaginable.
d. To promote (a person) in dignity or salary.
1801E. Helme St. Marg. Cave IV. 1 Instead of involving the friar in disgrace, I have risen him to honour. 1895‘Rosemary’ Chilterns iii, I'll rise you to {pstlg}7 at the end of the first twelve months.
31. To surmount, to gain the top of (a hill or slope); to ascend. Chiefly U.S.
1808Pike Sources Mississ. (1810) ii. 197 Immediately afterwards, [we] discovered two horsemen rising the summit of a hill, about half a mile to our right. 1823J. F. Cooper Pioneer v, A small hill was risen. 1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. liv. (1844) II. 165 He rises the last terrace and sweeps his eyes over the wide..infinity. 1874Kingsley Lett. (1877) II. 432 It will be cooler as we rise the prairies out of the Mississippi Valley.
32. To get, procure, obtain. Now dial.
1754[see 27 b]. 1863–in dialect texts and glossaries.
33. colloq. To raise or grow; to rear, bring up.
1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. xxii, Where was you rose? 1851Mayhew Lond. Lab. II. 61/1 This process the catchers call ‘rising’ from the nest. A throstle thus ‘rose’ soon becomes familiar with his owner. |