| 释义 |
▪ I. award, v.1|əˈwɔːd|
[a. AF. awarde-r, ONF. ewarder, eswarder, central F. esguarder, to observe, look at, consider, examine, decide, ordain, fix = OSp. esguardar, It. sguardare:—Romanic *exwardāre, -guardāre, f. ex out, thoroughly + wardāre, guardāre, ad. OLG. *ward-ên (OS. wardôn, OE. wardian, cogn. w. OHG. wartên, mod.G. warten) to watch. Cf. ward, guard.]
I. To award a thing.
†1. To examine a matter and adjudicate upon its merits; to decide, determine, after consideration or deliberation. Obs.
a. trans.
1393Gower Conf. III. 354 So as my court it hath awarded, Thou shalt be duely rewarded. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. cxxvii. 106, I wylle that ye award and doo ryght. 1547J. Heywood Wit & Folly Introd. (1846) 30, I judge and awarde Both these pleasures of yours as one in regarde. 1686Dryden Hind & P. ii. 381 Shall then the Testament award the right? 1725Pope Odyss. viii. 222 Ev'n he who sightless wants his visual ray, May by his touch alone award the day.
†b. with inf. phr. or subord. clause.
c1386Chaucer Doctor's T. 202 This clerk schal have his thral; thus I awarde. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. cxxvii. 106, I award..that hymself and his sone wend byfore the kyng. 1725Pope Odyss. viii. 557 The unwise award to lodge it in the towers.
2. To determine upon and appoint by judicial sentence.
1533More Debell. Salem Wks. 983/2 The iudges a warde write to enquire of what fame and behauiour the man is. 1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4049/4 A Commission of Bankrupt being awarded against William Mackdugale. a1709Sir R. Atkyns Parl. & Pol. Tracts (1734) 93 An Officer..executing Process which is erroneously awarded. 1876Green Short Hist. viii. §5 (1882) 502 Fines of four and five thousand pounds were awarded for brawls. 1884Law Times Rep. 12 Apr. 207/1 An umpire..awarded that the local board should pay..200l.
3. To grant or assign (to a person) by judicial or deliberate decision; to adjudge.
1523Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII, ii, To award to the party complainant such amendes. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 300 A pound of that same marchants flesh is thine, The Court awards it, and the law doth give it. 1722De Foe Moll Fl. (1840) 269 It was not in his power to award me any reparation. 1851Hussey Papal Power ii. 66 He awarded to the Bishop of Vienne..four neighbouring cities. 1877Mrs. Oliphant Mak. Flor. iii. 65 It was his..to award everlasting praise to his friends.
†b. loosely. To furnish, give. Obs. rare.
1583Stanyhurst Aeneis i. (Arb.) 22 Furye weapon awardeth [furor arma ministrat]. Ibid. viii. (1836) 142 Theyre labor hot they folow; toe the flame fits gyreful awarding.
† II. To award a person. Obs.
†4. To sentence, appoint (to do something). Obs.
1538Starkey England 190 The party condemnyd..schold ever be awardyd to pay costys. 1650Fuller Pisgah 384 A tierce of Levites were awarded to waite.
†5. To sentence, consign (to custody, etc.).
1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Heb. vi. 2 (R.) That last judgment, which shall awarde some to eternall felicitie, and other some to euerlastyng paynes. 1602W. Fulbecke 1st Pt. Parall. 83 Yet euerie of them shall be awarded to prison. 1648Prynne Plea for Lords 56 The..Lords..awarded him to the custody of the Marshall.
▪ II. † aˈward, v.2 Obs.
[f. a- prefix 11 + ward v.]
1. trans. To guard.
c1534Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (1846) 268 The passages weare straghtlie awarded bie there enemies.
2. To ward off (blows, etc.).
1579Poore Knights Palace G iij, Then Clodius, to award this blow, and to drive back this dome, etc. 1670Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 222 Dexterously, yet candidly, to award some unlucky points that are not seldom made at us. 1744Mitchell in Phil. Trans. XLIII. 108 To award off this Violence of the Sun's Beams. 1783Ainsworth Lat. Dict. (ed. Morell), To award, or ward off, a blow, Ictum avertĕre.
▪ III. award, n.|əˈwɔːd|
Forms: 3 ougard, awgarde, 5–7 awarde, 5–6 adward, 4– award.
[a. AF. award, -airt, agard = OF. ewart, eswart, esguart, ‘look, aspect, attention, consideration, judicial decision, arbitrament,’ n. of action f. eswarder, esguarder: see award v.1 The EE. forms ougard, awgarde, confuse the two F. forms in g and w; for the spelling adv- see ad- prefix 2.]
1. A decision after examination, a judicial sentence, esp. that of an arbitrator or umpire; the document embodying it.
a1300Cursor M. 7318 Þai seke þam-self o a gret ougard [Fairf. a foule awgarde], Þai ask now oþer king þan me. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋409 To stonde gladly to the award of hise souereynes. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. iv. 152 To gyve A-ward For ane of þa twa þan askand Ðe successyown of Scotland. 1473Sir J. Paston in Lett. 732 III. 102 Sette attone by the adward off the Kyng. 1577Holinshed Chron. I. 3/1 To interdict so manie..as disobeied their award. 1665Glanvill Sceps. Sci. x. 52 The condemning award of that unintelligent Tribunal. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 78 The workmen have in several instances, refused to abide by the award of the umpire.
2. a. That which is awarded or assigned, as payment, penalty, etc., by the terms of the judge's sentence or arbitrator's decision.
1596Spenser F.Q. iv. x. 17 Faint-heart-fooles, whom shew of perill hard Could terrifie from fortunes faire adward. 1697Bp. Patrick Comm. Ex. xiv. 17 The Annoyances on their Bodies by Frogs, and Lice..were the just awards..of God's punitive Justice. 1863Kemble Resid. Georgia 134 The fatal infliction of the usual award of stripes. 1882Pall Mall G. 13 May 7/2 The balance of the Geneva Award.
b. Something conferred as a reward for merit; a prize, reward, honour.
1854Poultry Chron. I. 622/2 Game (cock and two hens), {pstlg}1, three entries. No award for want of merit. 1930Jrnl. Educ. Sept. 720 Scholarship awards... The following awards have been made to candidates who have been approved for admission to a college. 1941[see academy 7]. 1948Ann. Reg. 1947 471 For the third time since the Nobel Prizes were instituted the awards for both Physics and Chemistry have been given to British men of science.
†3. Keeping, care, custody, wardship. (Cf. award v.2 and ward n.) Obs.
c1450Lonelich Grail xix. 202 Nasciens in presown kepten thei there That him and his londis bothe, they hadde In here award. Ibid. xxiii. 150 Loke thow..Of these ȝiftes that thou take good award. 1570Marr. Wit & Sc. i. in Hazl. Dodsl. II. 326 To whose award all creatures are assigned.
4. Special Comb. award-winning a., of a film, design, etc.: that has won an award or awards.
1962Times 30 May 5/2 His experience in documentary, being responsible for..the *award-winning study of life in British day-schools, I Want to Go to School. 1980Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts Apr. 302/2 One is warmed by the excellence of the 27 award-winning..schemes recognized by the Civic Trust. |