| 释义 |
▪ I. bait, v.1|beɪt|
Forms: 3 beȝȝt-en, beyte-n, 4–6 bayt, baite, 4–7 bayte, 5–6 beyt, 6 baight, 6–7 bate, 4– bait.
[ME. beȝȝten, beyten, a. ON. beita to cause to bite (= OE. bǽtan, OHG., MHG. beiȥen, Goth *baitjan), causal of bíta to bite; but in branch III prob. directly from bait n.1: cf. OE. bátian, f. bát bait. With branch I cf. OF. beter, also from ON.]
I. To cause to bite other creatures.
†1. trans. To set on (a dog) to bite or worry.
(Cf. the similar construction in bate v.1).
c1350Will. Palerne 11 Þe herd had wiþ him an hound..For to bayte on his bestes wanne þai to brode went.
†b. fig. To set on, incite, exasperate. Cf. abait.
c1378Wyclif De Off. Past. Wks. (1880) 437 Prelatis..baytiþ a pariȝshen aȝenus þe persoun.
2. To set on dogs to bite and worry (an animal, such as the bear, boar, bull, badger, etc., usually chained or confined for this purpose), to attack with dogs for sport; formerly, also, to hunt or chase with dogs.
a1300Havelok 1840 And shoten on him, so don on bere Dogges..Thanne men doth the bere beyte. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 55 My boles & my borez arn bayted & slayne. c1440Promp. Parv. 29 Beyton wyth howndys, berys, bolys, or other lyke, canibus agitare. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, v. i. 148 Are these thy Beares? Wee'l bate thy Bears to death. 1606Holland Sueton. 120 There was a wild bore put foorth into the open shew-place for to be baited. 1801Strutt Sports & Past. iii. vi. 217 The cruel diversion of baiting a horse with dogs.
b. fig. To cause (a person) to be molested, harassed, or persecuted (with).
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. i. iii. 9 Such husbands as bait the mistris with her maids. 1655Trial Col. Penruddock in Howell St. Trials (1816) V. 775 Sir, you have put me in a bear's skin, and now you will bait me with a witness.
c. (in sense of 4, but retaining some idea of intermediate agency, as in prec.)
1555Fardle Facions ii. xi. 250 Thei reuile him, and baite him with shames and reproche. 1659Godfrey in Burton Diary (1828) IV. 347 It was a breach of privilege to bait you with those interrogations. 1778Johnson in Boswell (1831) IV. 124, I will not be baited with what and why.
3. To attack with endeavour to bite and tear, as dogs attack a chained or confined animal (cf. 2).
1553–87Foxe A. & M. (1596) 43/2 Attalus..was baited of the beasts. 1596Spenser F.Q. i. xii. 35 As chained beare whom cruell dogs doe bait. Mod. They set on several dogs to bait the badger.
b. absol.
c1430Hymns to Virg. (1867) 77 Helle houndis berken and baite. 1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. 187 Kur dogges, For men shyns they wyl ly in wayte; It is a good sport to se them so to bayte. 1735Somerville Chase iv. 332 Raving he foams, and howls, and barks, and bates.
4. fig. To persecute or harass with persistent attacks (a person more or less unable to escape); to worry or torment in an exasperating manner, esp. from a wanton or malicious desire to inflict pain.
c1200Ormin 10171 Þise Puplicaness..durrsten beȝȝtenn menn Forr æþelike gillte. c1400Rom. Rose 1612 Folk of grettist wit Ben soone caught heere & awayted; Withouten respite ben they baited. 1635R. Bolton Comf. Affl. Consc. 173 God must let loose his Lawe, Sinne, Conscience, and Satan to bate us. 1751Johnson Rambl. No. 176 ⁋4 The diversion of baiting an author has the sanction of all ages. 1834Macaulay Pitt, Ess. (1854) I. 301 The new Secretary of State had been so unmercifully baited by the Paymaster of the Forces.
†b. intr. with at (in same sense). Obs.
1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 956/2 Why are they so alwayes bayting at me? 1607Dekker Knt's. Conjur. (1842) 38 Bayted at by whole kennels of yelping watermen. 1679Hist. Jetzer 9 The Fathers all this while were baiting at him.
II. To cause a creature to bite for its own refreshment; to feed.
5. trans. To give food and drink to (a horse or other beast), esp. when upon a journey; to feed.
1375Barbour Bruce xiii. 589 Than lichtit thai..Till bayt thar horss. c1400Mandeville xxii. 243 While that [he] reste him, And bayte his Dromedarie or his hors. 1596Spenser F.Q. i. i. 32 The sunne..At night doth baite his steedes the ocean waves emong. 1697C'tess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 47 And stop at the Bank of some River, where the Mule-Drivers bate their Mules. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 200 You have this second crop of clover..to bait your cows. 1858Thackeray Virgin. x. 79 Whilst their horses were baited, they entered the public room.
6. (refl. and) intr. Said of horses or other beasts: To take food, to feed, esp. at a stage of a journey.
c1386Chaucer Sir Thopas 202 By him baytith his destrer Of herbes fyne and goode. 1394P. Pl. Crede 375 Þey ben digne as dich water þat dogges in bayteþ. c1435Torr. Portugal 1566 Unbrydelid his stede And let hym bayte hym on the ground. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §22 In lodynge of hey or corne, the cattel is alwaye eatynge or beytynge. 1832Baroness Bunsen in Hare Life I. ix. 384 An osteria..at which our horses were to bait.
7. intr. Of travellers: To stop at an inn, orig. to feed the horses, but later also to rest and refresh themselves; hence, to make a brief stay or sojourn.
1375Barbour Bruce xiii. 599 A litill quhile thai baitit thar. 1475Caxton Jason 37 b, They cam for to bayte in the logging wher her frende Jason had logged. 1577Holinshed Chron. II. 16/2 The caue or den wherein saint Paule is said to haue baited or sojorned. 1659–60Pepys Diary 24 Feb., At Puckeridge we baited, where we had a loin of mutton fried. 1777Sheridan Trip Scarb. i. ii, To bait here a few days longer, to recover the fatigue of his journey. 1874Motley Barneveld I. iv. 179 They set forth on their journey—stopping in the middle of the day to bait.
b. fig.
1639Fuller Holy War iii. xxix. (1840) 170 A prince..only baiteth at learning, and maketh not his profession to lodge in. 1671Milton Samson 1538 For evil news rides post, while good news baits. 1823Lamb Elia Ser. i. xxi. (1865) 165 Trace it [the sentiment] baiting at this town, stopping to refresh at t'other village.
†8. intr. (and refl.) To feed, take nourishment.
c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 368 On many a sory meel now may she bayte. a1400Sir Perc. 187 A tryppe of gayte [= goats], With mylke of thame for to bayte To hir lyves fode. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. viii. xlv, So fisher waits To bait himself with fish, his hook And fish with baits.
†b. fig. of the eyes: To feast.
c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 193 If knyght or squyer..lete his eyen bayte On eny woman. 1632G. Fletcher Christs Vict. ii. v, If he stood still, their eyes upon him baited.
III. To provide with a bait, offer a bait to. [Prob. a later independent formation on the n.]
9. trans. To furnish (a hook, trap) with a bait.
a1300Cursor M. 13285 Quiles þai þair lines war baitand. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. cxv. (1495) 856 Fysshe hokys ben bayted wyth suche wormes in stede of bayte. 1556J. Heywood Spider & F. lxix. 43 This trap..for spiders is baighted. 1663Butler Hud. i. i. 384 Cheese or Bacon..To bait a Mouse-trap. 1725Pope Odyss. iv. 499 My absent mates..Bait the barb'd steel.
fig.1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. iv. 8 (R.) His hooke bayted with y⊇ enticement of vayne glory. 1726De Foe Hist. Devil ii. vi. (1840) 251 He baited his hook with the city of Milan. 1820Scott Monast. xxii, Baited thy tongue with falsehood.
b. absol. (lit. and fig.)
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., For cod they bait with herring. 1863Mrs. Clarke Shaks. Char. ix. 218 She therefore baited for, and caught her prey.
10. To lay (a place) with bait, so as to attract the prey.
1623Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons Introd. 44 The ratcatcher for a coter's wages for bating the house. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. xiv, He had liberally Baited the place over-night with Corn, as well as Worms. 1867F. Francis Angling i. (1880) 33 When once the place has been baited.
11. To offer bait to; to allure, entice, tempt.
1590Shakes. Com. Err. ii. i. 94 Doe their gay vestments his affections baite? 1596― Merch. V. iii. i. 55 His flesh, what's that good for? Shy. To baite fish withall. 1865Dixon Holy Land I. 173 Just as the harvests of Kent and Mercia used to bait the Saxon vikings.
▪ II. bait, v.2
Falconry. See better spelling, bate v.1
▪ III. bait, n.1|beɪt|
Forms: 4–6 bayte, 5 beyt, 5–6 bayt, 6 beyte, 6–7 baight, 6–8 baite, 5– bait.
[Partly a. ON. beit (neut.) pasture, beita (fem.) food, esp. as used to entice a prey, cogn. w. OE. bát f. food, MHG. beiz n., beize f. hunting; in part directly f. bait v.1]
I. Food used to entice a prey.
1. a. An attractive morsel of food placed on a hook or in a trap, in order to allure fish or other animals to seize it and be thereby captured.
a1300Cursor M. 16931 Þe bait apon þe hok. a1325Metr. Hom. 12 Als fisce es tan wit bait and hoc. 1444Pol. Poems (1859) II. 219 Bosard with botirflyes makith beytis for a crane. a1639Breton in Farr S.P. (1845) I. 182 Wherein as hook within the Baight..Some hidden poyson lurking lyes. 1653Walton Angler 53 Let your bait fall gently upon the water. 1836Hor. Smith Tin Trump. (1876) 49 Bait—one animal impaled upon a hook, in order to torture a second for the amusement of a third.
b. Worms, fish, etc., to be used for this purpose.
1496Bk. St. Albans Fishing 7 How ye shall make your baytes brede where ye shall fynde them: and how ye shall kepe theym. 1653Walton Angler To Rdr. 7 With advise how to make the Fly, and keep the live baits. 1799G. Smith Laboratory II. 267 Some trouble..to keep the bait alive.
2. fig. An enticement, allurement, temptation.
c1400MS. Cantab. Ff. ii. 38. [46/2] 54/2 Thys worlde ys but the fendys beyte. 1460Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 155 My body I made hyr hertys baite. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 179 A doore without locke, is a baite for a knaue. 1745De Foe Eng. Tradesm. I. vi. 36 The profits of trade are baits to the avaricious shopkeeper. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 246 He considered titles and great offices as baits which could allure none but fools.
3. Comb. and attrib., as bait-can, bait-fish, bait-fisher, bait-fishing, bait-gatherer, bait-kettle, bait-tackle.
1799G. Smith Laboratory II. 267 By frequently dipping your bait-kettle in the water. 1820Western Rev. (Kentucky) II. 241 Rutilus compressus, a small fish..called Fall-fish, Bait-fish, Minny, etc. 1832Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. 14 Apr. 44/1 The same observations apply..to bait fishing. 1835Ibid. 3 Jan. 390/3 Some bait-fishers..use the smaller sorts [of hooks];..The bait-tackle ought to be loaded..with a pellet or two of lead. 1842Johnston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. x. 36 The bait-gatherer, for picking them from the rocks..has 8d. per day. 1952E. Hemingway Old Man & Sea 35 No flying fish broke the surface and there was no scattering of bait fish.
II. Food generally.
†4. Food, refreshment; esp. a feed for horses, or slight repast for travellers, upon a journey. Still dial. light refreshment taken between meals.
1570Levins Manip. /203 Bayt, refrigerium, refectio. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 203 O thou fit bait for wormes! 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. Min. Introd., When they [serpents] devoure any great baite, they contract themselves. 1706E. Ward Hud. Rediv. I. xii. 24 Could (if she 'ad had her Will) have eat The Saddle Stuffing for a Bait. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xxxii. 56 Stopping for a little bait to the horses. 1851Coal-tr. Terms Northumbld. & Durh., Bait, provision taken by a pitman to his work. 1883Harper's Mag. Apr. 655/1 Afternoon ‘bait,’ or lunch [in Sussex].
5. A halt for refreshment in the course of a journey; a stoppage for rest. Welsh bait or Scotch bait: allowing a horse to stand still a few minutes at the top of a hill (see Fuller Worthies iv. 7).
1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 250 This merry winde will immediately bring vs to an easie bayte. 1594Nashe Unfort. Trav. 12 To haue gone to heauen without a bait. 1633P. Fletcher Elisa i. xli, Heav'nly fires..Whose motion is their bait, whose rest is restlesse giring. 1809N. Pinkney Trav. France 80 They make a stage of thirty miles without a bait.
†6. fig.
a. Refreshment; a lawyer's ‘refresher.’
b. A hasty meal like a traveller's, a snack. Obs.
a.1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 198 A pleasaunt companion is a bait in a journy. 1603Florio Montaigne ii. xii. (1632) 319 Have you paid him [the Lawyer] well, have you given him a good baite or fee?
b.1662Fuller Worthies (1840) II. 507 He rather took a bait than made a meal at the inns of court, whilst he studied the laws therein. 1666Evelyn Diary (1827) IV. 175, I now and then get a baite at philosophy.
7. Comb. and attrib., as bait-land (see quot.); bait-poke, a bag for holding a miner's ‘bait.’
1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 122 A bait-land, or port of refreshment. 1863Robson Bards of Tyne 271 And queer things behint them like pitmen's bait pokes.
III. The act of setting dogs to worry other animals; baiting; also (obs.) chasing with dogs.
[c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1461 Þen, brayn-wod for bate, on burnez he [the boar] rasez. ]c1450Henryson Mor. Fab. 67 At the next bayte in faith yee shall bee slaine. 1570Levins Manip. /203 Bayt of a beare, ursi prelium. Bayt of a bul, tauri venatio.
▪ IV. bait, n.2, bate, n.6 slang.|beɪt|
[f. bait v.1]
A fit of bad temper; a rage. Hence ˈbaity, batey a.
‘‘He was in an awful bait’ was common in the Clapham Grammar School, 1857.’—A. L. Mayhew in Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v. Bate n.3.
1882‘F. Anstey’ Vice Versâ (ed. 4) iii. 48 It would put him in no end of a bait. 1899E. Phillpotts Human Boy 95 I've just left Milly, and she's in a frightful bate. 1899Kipling Stalky 152 ‘What a bait you're in!’ said Stalky. Ibid. 205, I got in no end of a bait. 1921S. Thompson Rough Crossing ii. 86 Jolly lucky the C.O. didn't notice it yesterday—he gets ‘baity’ on these occasions. 1925Chambers's Jrnl. 838/1 Now I must be going, or else dad'll be baity with me. 1946B. Marshall George Brown's Schooldays 66 You'll make me batey if you say rotten caddish things like that. 1953E. Taylor Sleeping Beauty vii. 134 Flying into a bate, as we used to say at school. 1954P. H. Johnson Impossible Marriage 11 I'd better roll the damned thing in or Mater will be batey.
▪ V. bait
variant of bate, beat; obs. form of boat. |