| 释义 |
▪ I. bane, n.1|beɪn|
Forms: 1 bana, bona, 2–4 bone, (4 ban, bon, 5 boyn, 6 baene), 3– bane; 5–6 bayn(e, 6–7 bain(e.
[Common Teut.: OE. bana, bǫna = OFris. bona, OS., OHG. bano, MHG. bane, ban, ON. bani, Sw., Da. bane, ‘death, murder’:—*OTeut. banon- wk. masc. Cogn. w. Goth. banja, ON., OE. bęn:—OTeut. *banjâ- (str. fem.) wound.]
†1. A slayer or murderer; one who causes the death or destruction of another. Obs.
Beowulf 3491 Bona swiðe neah..fyrenum sceoteð. a800O.E. Chron. an. 755 Hie næfre his banan folᵹian noldon. 1205Lay. 5806 Ȝe beoð ure bernenne bone. a1300Cursor M. 7634 Philistiens sal be his ban. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 2147 He overcom this beste & was his ban. a1400Sir Perc. 1338 Who that may his bon be, Salle hafe this kyngdome and me. c1460Towneley Myst. 17 Caym, I sloghe my brother..I pray the..To ryn away with the bayn. 1513More Rich. III, Wks. 51/2 The brother hath bene the brothers bane. 1588Shakes. Tit. A. v. iii. 73 Let Rome herselfe be bane vnto herselfe. 1682Yorksh. Diaries (Surtees) II. 303 The Jury found the horse the bane. 1691Blount Law Dict. s.v., I will be the Bane of him, is a common saying. [1861H. Riley tr. Liber Alb. 86 The horse aforesaid, which had been the bane of the said boy.]
†2. That which causes death, or destroys life.
a1000Beowulf 4413 Hilde mecas..tó bonan wurdon. c1230Ancr. R. 222 One þinge þet..is þauh soule bone, & wei to deadlich sunne. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 239, I was hurt right now thurgh myn yhe Into myn herte, that wol my bane be. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 1854 The water sone had bene my bane. 1647H. More Song of Soul ii. App. xcvii, Brimstone thick and clouds of fiery bain.
b. esp. Poison. Now only fig., and referred to 4. Also in comb., in names of poisonous plants or substances, as dogbane, henbane, leopard's bane, rat's bane, wolf's bane, etc., q.v.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xx. (1495) 208 Henbane is mannis bane. c1440Promp. Parv. 22 Bane, or poyson. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 172 Bane for the rats. 1586Warner Alb. Eng. ii. viii. 33 To the baene therein He mixed somewhat of his bloud. 1614Chapman Odyss. i. 404 Bane to poison his sharp arrows heads. 1684tr. Bonet's Merc. Compit. iii. 111 Medicines..taken inwardly against Banes and Poisons. 1713Addison Cato v. i, My bane and antidote are both before me. 1735Somerville Chase iv. 331 The Dog whose fatal Bite convey'd th' infectious Bane. 1862Maurice Mor. & Met. Phil. IV. vii. §87 In which Spinoza offers at once the bane and the antidote.
†3. Murder, death, destruction: in later usage chiefly in phrases, catch, fetch, get, receive, take one's bane = ‘catch one's death,’ in which it passes into 2. (See esp. quot. 1655). Obs.
c1175Cott. Hom. 243 Ne cepeð hi of hus gold ne selfer but ure bane. c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 602 For which the folk of Thebes caught hire bane. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 816 Thai ne myght wreke thair lord bane. 1594Greene Look. Glasse (1861) 131 'Twere best you did, for fear you catch your bane. 1605Shakes. Macb. v. iii. 60 I will not be affraid of Death and Bane, Till Birname Forrest come to Dunsinane. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ix. IV. 402 The two Iudges..getting their banes there, died few dayes after.
4. That which causes ruin, or is pernicious to well-being; the agent or instrument of ruin or woe, the ‘curse.’ (Now the ordinary sense.)
1577Harrison England ii. xxi. 333 Inconstancie..a bane unto all natures. 1596Bp. Barlow Three Serm. i. 117 Cardes and Dice, the verie baine of any familie. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. iii. §37 I. 275 Bold Beggars are the Bane of the best Bounty. 1674Marvell Reh. Transp. ii. 135 The great bane and scandal of the Church. 1709Steele Tatler No. 9 ⁋2 Those Rogues, the Bane to all excellent Performances, the Imitators. 1791Burke Corr. (1844) III. 186 Theoretic plans of constitution have been the bane of France. 1853C. Brontë Villette xxxiv. (1876) 378 She who had been the bane of his life. 1858Holland Titcomb's Lett. vii. 132 Selfishness is the bane of all life.
5. Ruin, fatal mischief; woful or hapless fate; harm, woe. Chiefly poetical.
c1400Judicium (1822) 2 For deds that I haue done..I must abide my boyn. 1594Greene Look. Glasse (1861) 117 That sweet boy that wrought bright Venus bane. 1633G. Herbert Forerunners iv. in Temple 171 Hath some fond lover tic'd thee to thy bane? 1866Kingsley Herew. Prel. 3 He finds out..for his weal and his bane that, etc.
6. A disease in sheep, the ‘rot.’
1859in Worcester.
7. Comb., as bane-touch.
1649Selden Laws of Eng. i. xxxvii. (1739) 56 Men being weary of such bane-touches, the Clergy that cried it up, their successors cried it down.
▪ II. † bane, n.2 Obs.
[See ban, banns.]
A proclamation of a marriage; a prelude of a play. In the latter sense more freq. in pl. banes, now banns.
c1440Promp. Parv. 22 Bane of a pley [1499 or mariage], Banna, coragium [ 1499preludium]. 1483Cath. Angl. 20 Bane (v.r. Bayne) of a play; preludium, proludium.
▪ III. bane, v. arch.
Also 7 bain, (baen).
[f. bane n.1]
†1. trans. To kill: said esp. of poison. Obs.
1578Lyte Dodoens 426 Aconit that baneth, or killeth Panthers. 1589Warner Alb. Eng. v. xxv. (1612) 119 Poysned by a Monke, that baend himselfe, that Iohn might dye. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 46 If my house be troubled with a Rat, And I..giue ten thousand Ducates To haue it bain'd?
2. To harm, hurt, injure, poison:
a. physically.
1587Turberv. Disprayse Wom. (R.) Hidden hookes..To bane thee when thou bite. 1615Latham Falconry (1633) 102 Surfeited in their bodies, and also baned in their liuers. a1632G. Herbert Country Parson v. (T.) If a shepherd knew not which grass will bane, or which not. 1667Phil. Trans. II. 526 The Smoak..will bane them. 1827Keble Chr. Year 5th Sund. Easter, For what shall heal, when holy water banes?
b. morally or socially.
1601Dent Pathw. Heaven 71 Couetousnesse..baneth our Gentlemen. 1643J. Burroughes Exp. Hosea iv. (1652) 61 To be poison to them to have baned their soules.
▪ IV. bane
obs. form of bain adv. readily, and bone. |