| 释义 |
▪ I. bare, a., adv., n.|bɛə(r)|
Forms: 1 bær, 3 bar, 4–5 baar (5–8 Sc. bair), 2– bare.
[Common Teut.: OE. bær (= OS., OHG., MHG. bar, MDu. baer, G. and Du. baar, ON. berr, Da., Sw. bar):—OTeut. *baz-oz, cogn. w. Lith. basas, OSlav. bosŭ barefoot; Aryan *bhos-ós. The original short vowel is lengthened in mod.Eng., Du., and Ger.]
A. adj.
I. Without covering.
1. a. Of the body or its parts: Unclothed, naked, nude.
a1000Cædmon's Gen. (Grein) 783 Bare hie ᵹesáwon heora lichoman. 1297R. Glouc. 514 Manie in hor bare fless hom late croici vaste. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 900 On hir bare knees adoun they falle. c1400Destr. Troy xxx. 12269 Founden bare in his bed. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 252 Lay bare your bosome. 1611Bible Isa. xlvii. 2 Make bare the legge, vncouer the thigh. 1713Steele Englishm. No. i. 2 He filled my Hat..and then put it upon my bare Head. 1853Arab. Nts. (Rtldg.) 229 Robbers, who stripped him as bare as my hand.
b. Stripped to the shirt or other under-garment; cf. naked, Gr. γυµνός.
1330R. Brunne Chron. 161 Bare in serke and breke Isaac oway fled. 1866Kingsley Herew. xiv. 181 You bid him go and fight in his bare shirt.
†c. bare eye: cf. ‘naked eye.’ Obs.
1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 18 Whose whole bulk to the bare eye is quite indiscernable. 1790J. Imison Sch. Art. I. 263 Holds his finger..between his bare eye and an object.
2. With the head uncovered. arch. = bare-headed.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 685 Dischevele, sauf his cappe, he rood al bare. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. ii. ix. 44 How many then should couer that stand bare? 1633G. Herbert Ch. Porch. lxviii, When once thy foot enters the church, be bare. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. III. xvi. 594 They all stood bare, whilst the Heraulds proclaim'd the King.
3. fig. Unconcealed, undisguised, open to view.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 46 Ah ne & bær-suinniᵹo ðis doas? 1526Tindale Heb. iv. 13 All thynges are naked and bare unto the eyes off hym. 1671Milton Samson 902 Bare in thy guilt how foul must thou appear! 1781Cowper Charity 494 He hides behind a magisterial air His own offences, and strips others bare. 1827Keble Chr. Y. 4 S. Lent xii, Bare to the rude world's withering view.
4. Of natural objects, as earth, heavens, trees: Without such covering as they have at other times, e.g. without vegetation, clouds, bark, foliage, etc.
c885K. ælfred Boeth. xxxiv. §10 Sumna on cluðum, sumne on barum sondum. c1175Lamb. Hom. 181 Ðurh ane godliese wude in-to ane bare felde. a1300Cursor M. 1321 Braunches..o bark al bare. 1523Fitzherb. Surv. xxxv. (1539) 54 They wylle eate the grounde moste barest. 1611Bible Joel i. 7 He hath..barked my figge tree: he hath made it cleane bare. 1720Lond. Gaz. No. 5827/1 The Country between the two Armies being eaten bare. 1806Wordsw. Ode Immort. 13 The Moon doth with delight Look round her when the heavens are bare. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. ii. 22 Hills which are now bare were then covered with forest.
5. Of persons and animals: Stripped of a natural covering; deprived of hair, wool, flesh, etc.; bald.
a1300Cursor M. 5165 His heued it was all bar for eild. 1387Trevisa Higden I. 115 Golgotha is to menynge a baar scolle. c1450Henryson Tale of Dog 112 The Scheip..Nakit and bair, syne to the feild couth pas. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. i. 36 The bare scalpe of Robin Hoods fat Fryer. 1783–94Blake Chimney-sw. 7 When your head's bare, You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair.
6. a. Wanting appropriate covering, equipment, or array; unfurnished, uncovered.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 Bare eorð to bedde, and hard ston to bolstre. c1420Sir Amadace xiv, For his mete he wold not spare, Burdes in the halle were neuyr bare. c1600Rob. Hood (Ritson) xvi. 44 When others cast in their bated hooks, The bare lines into the sea cast he. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 240 It is good to use your horse to backing both saddled and bare. 1722Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iv. 254 Fain to lie upon the bare boards. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xi, Nor were these earth-born Castles bare, Nor lacked they many a banner fair.
b. Without armour or weapons, unarmed. ? Obs.
1205Lay. 17346 Þa Irisce weoren bare. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 277 If þou craue batayl bare, Here faylez þou not to fyȝt. 1549Cheke Hurt Sedit. (1641) 25 Yee..hewed him bare, whom yee could not hurt armed. 1604Shakes. Oth. i. iii. 175 Men do their broken Weapons rather vse, Then their bare hands.
c. Of cloth: Napless, threadbare. Of weapons: Unsheathed. bare poles in Naut.: masts with no sails set; also bare-poled adj., having bare poles; also transf., of trees lacking leaves or branches.
[c1386Chaucer Prol. 260 With thredbare cope, as is a poure scolere.] 1483Act 1 Rich. III, viii. Pream., Course Clothes..bare of Threde. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. ii. iv. 45 Their bare Liueries. 1604― Oth. v. i. 3 Weare thy good Rapier bare. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., A cloth is said to be bare or naked, when the nap is too short. 1762Let. 11 Nov. in Ann. Reg. 1762 (ed. 5, 1787) 117/2 The ship sprung a leak, and we were obliged to lie to under bare poles. 1774N. Cresswell Jrnl. 5 Aug. (1925) iii. 31 To furl the F.S. [i.e. fore-sail] and scud under bare pole. 1780Coxe Russ. Disc. 130 Drove 24 hours under bare poles. 1851Melville Moby Dick III. xxxiii. 197 The Pequod..bare-poled was left to fight a Typhoon. 1855Tennyson Charge Light Brigade, Flash'd all their sabres bare. 1864J. A. Grant Walk across Africa 33 Open forests of bare-poled trees.
II. Stripped of surroundings, contents, property.
†7. Defenceless, unprotected, deserted. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. 388 Þe wule hii were in Normandye & Engelond so bare. c1400Destr. Troy iv. 1320 So bare leuyt, Vmfoldyng with his fos þat he ne fle might. 1551Edw. VI. Lit. Rem. (1858) II. 353 If he found a bare company..to set upon them.
†8. Laid waste, desolate. Obs.
c1305St. Edm. King 20 in E.E.P. (1862) 87 Robbede al þat he fond & makede þane toun bar. c1374Chaucer Anel. & Arc. 62 So desolate stode Thebes and so bare. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 1741 Like a late-sack'd island..Bare and unpeopled. 1642Milton Sonn. viii, To save the Athenian walls from ruin bare.
9. Without possessions, destitute, indigent, needy; scantily furnished. Const. of, rarely in: see b.
1205Lay. 3420 Þat ich bare sitte, wunnen biræued. c1280Sarmun 44 in E.E.P. (1862) 5 He nel noȝt leue his eir al bare. c1480Childe Bristowe 554 in Hazl. E.P.P. (1864) 131 First was riche and sitthen bare. 1538Bale Thre Lawes 1084 As bare as Job. 1755Smollett Quix. (1803) I. 233 Bare I was born, and bare I remain. 1827Keble Chr. Y. Sexages. ix, Yet mercy hath not left us bare.
b.c1220Bestiary 144 in O.E. Misc. 5 Ðanne ðe neddre is..bare of his brest atter. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1641 Of blisse y am al bare. 1658Sir T. Browne Hydriot. i. (1736) 16 We are bare in Historical Particulars. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. III. ix. vii. 127 Old Father Margraf..does always keep us frightfully bare in money. 1883Ch. Times 9 Nov. 813/2 Lutheranism is more bare of the attribute of saintliness than any other creed held by a large body of Christians.
10. Destitute or defective in various other respects:
a. Without contents, empty.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeless iv. 21 No þing y-lafte but the bare baggis. a1700Dryden (J.) A bare treasury. Nursery Rime, Mother Hubbard, When she got there the cupboard was bare.
†b. Poor in quality, paltry, worthless. Obs.
1399Langl. Rich. Redeless iv. 70 So blynde and so ballid and bare was þe reson. c1400Destr. Troy vi. 2502 Soche bargens are bytter, þat hafe a bare end. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 188 What bare excuses makest thou to be gone. 1596― 1 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 13 Such poore, such bare..attempts.
c. Without literary or artistic effect; bald, meagre, unadorned.
c1400Destr. Troy Prol. 74 Cornelius translated it..but he brought it so breff, and so bare leuyt, þat no lede might have likyng to loke þerappon. 1597Morley Introd. Mus. 84 In long resting the harmonie seemeth bare. 1798Ferriar Eng. Histor. in Illustr. Sterne 248 The bare line of general narration is so happily ornamented.
†d. Simple, without luxury; unpolished, rude.
1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. 72 Better it is to haue bare feeding than none at all. c1596Spenser (J.) Yet was their manners then but bare and plain. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 76 This bare Northren people [the Tartars].
†e. bare wind in Naut.: one too much ahead to fill the sails well; scant. Obs.
1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1744/4 This morning sailed the whole Fleet..with a bare Wind at N.W. and by N. 1691Ibid. No. 2671/4 Having but a bare Wind, and little of it. 1694Luttrell Brief Rel. III. 320 The whole fleet was out of sight, with a bare wind at North.
III. Without anything of the nature of addition.
11. Without addition, mere, simple; ― and nothing else, ― only. bare contract in Law: an unconditional promise or surrender.
c1200Moral Ode 137 in Lamb. Hom. 167 Hefde he bon þer enne dei oðer twa bare tide. c1315Shoreham 35 Man moȝe isaued be Thorȝ bare repentaunce. 1393Gower Conf. II. 286, I set it at no more accompt, Than wolde a bare straw amount. 1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. (1619) 104 They taught Christ to be..but a bare Man. 1633G. Herbert Love Unkn. 40 in Temple 122 Many drunk bare wine. 1641Termes de la Ley 211 Bare contract, or naked promise, is where a man bargaineth or selleth his lands, or goods..and there is no recompence appointed to him for the doing thereof..This is a naked contract, and voyd in Law. 1697C'tess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 109 Who can do you hurt by bare looking on you. 1711Addison Spect. No. 69. 5 Nature indeed furnishes us with the bare Necessaries of Life. 1769Junius Lett. xiii. 56 A bare contradiction will have no weight. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. xix. §6 (1862) 373 A bare majority of seven to five.
†12. From the idea of completeness in itself; Sheer, absolute, very, actual. Obs.
1205Lay. 20876 Ich habbe hine idriuen? to þan bare dæðe. a1330Sire Degarré 561 Thei he be the bare qued, He schal a-doune. c1400Destr. Troy xxiv. 9682 With strong batell & brem till the bare night. Ibid. 10805 Born to þe burghe in the bare tyme, Honerable Ector in armes to helpe.
IV. Comb.
a. specially bare-arse, dial. name of the Little Grebe; bare-belly Austral. and N.Z., a sheep with no wool on the belly; so bare-bellied adj.; bare-board: in phr. to go on bare-board, to play without a stake on the gaming-table; bare-bone, a lean, skinny person; bare-fallow, land left fallow for a whole year; = naked fallow (see naked a. 9 d); hence as v., to leave land fallow for a whole year; bare-fallowing vbl. n.; bare-man, obs. term in Sc. Law for a bankrupt or ‘broken’ man.
c1875G. L. Meredith in A. J. Harrop Adventuring in Maoriland (1935) xiii. 143 Naturally, the easiest-shorn sheep—‘bare-bellies’ and ‘bare-points’—are selected first. 1878E. S. Elwell Boy Colonists 109 The ewes have many of them at shearing-time no wool on the legs or under the belly, and hence are called ‘bare-bellies’. Of course, these ‘bare-bellied’ ewes..are very quickly shorn. 1956G. Bowen Wool Away! (ed. 2) 155 Bare-belly, a sheep with all the wool scraped or dropped off its belly. 1965J. S. Gunn Terminol. Shearing Industry i. 6 Barebelly, a sheep with defective wool growth caused by a break in the fibre structure. This causes the wool to fall off the belly and legs, and the rest of the wool can be removed with a few blows or even with the hands.
1831J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. (ed. 2) iii. vi. 801 The expediency or inexpediency of pulverising and cleaning the soil by a bare fallow, is a question that can be determined only by experience, and not by argument. 1831Q. Jrnl. Agric. II. 101 Some writers maintain, that bare fallowing is not necessary on any kind of soil, as judicious management will prevent an influx of weeds. 1891R. Wallace Rural Econ. Austral. & N.Z. ix. 161 Bare-fallowing of land in place of manuring was too much practised as a means of restoration. 1961Agric. Hist. Rev. IX. 3 A larger proportion of land was bare-fallowed.
b. adjs. formed by bare qualifying a n., as bare-breech, bare-leg, bare-limb, bare-weight (also adv.: see 11), bare-foot, -head, equivalent in sense to:
c. parasynthetic adjs. formed on prec. + -ed, as bare-armed, (having the arms bare), bare-arsed, bare-bosomed, bare-breasted, bare-breeched, bare-chested, bare-knuckled, bare legged, bare-throated, bare-walled.
d. ppl. adjs. in which bare acts as a verbal complement, as bare-bitten, bare-eaten, bare-gnawn, bare-worn.
a.1655Fuller Ch. Hist. vi. vii. §3 III. 493 To vye ready silver with the King of Spaine, when he..was fain to go on bare-board. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 358 Heere comes leane Jacke, heere comes bare-bone. 1581Acts Jas. VI (1597) §110 To hound out bair-men and vagabounds, to the attempting of sik foull..enormities. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. Table 66 Bairman..is he quha makes cession of his gudes and geir to his creditours. a1763Shenstone Ess. Wks. (1765) 172 A Miser, if honest, can be only honest bare-weight. 1801H. More Wks. VIII. 248 Such bare-weight protestants prudently condition for retaining the Popish doctrine of indulgences.
b.1205[see barefoot]. 1483Cath. Angl. 21/1 Barlege, incaligatus. 1577Stanyhurst Descr. Irel. in Holinsh. VI. 51 Such barebreech brats as swarme in the English pale. 1583― æneid 137 Baerlym swartye Pyracmon. 1587Cens. Loyall Subj. (Collier) 25 Bareleg and barefoot they wandred.
c.c1350Will. Palerne 2767 A barlegged bold boie. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 16 To beg a breeche of a bare arst man. 1580North Plutarch (1676) 289 He would go out bare-necked to the waste. 1595Shakes. John v. ii. 177 In his fore-head sits A bare-rib'd death. 1647R. Stapylton Juvenal 209 Then must bare-finger'd [= ringless] Pollio beg or fast. 1809M. Berry Jrnl. 31 May in ‘Lewis Melville’ Berry Papers (1914) vi. 291 Such an over-dressed, bare-bosoed, painted eye-browed figure one never saw! 1814Scott Wav. xv, Four bare-legged dairy-maids. 1828― F.M. Perth vi, These bare-breeched Dunniewassals. 1855Whitman Leaves of Grass 27 Press close barebosomed night! 1873Symonds Grk. Poets xii. 403 Stately maidens and bare-chested youths. 1924Masefield Sard Harker i. 5 The truth man learns Fighting bare-knuckled Nature in the ring. 1927D. H. Lawrence Morn. in Mex. 43 A bare-bosom, black-browed girl. 1928D. H. Lawrence Lady Chatt. xv. 276 Nowt but a bare-arsed lass. 1950Hemingway Across River v. 29 Beyond the Sile there was nothing but bare-assed plain. 1975Forbes (N.Y.) 1 July 34/1 As bare-breasted dancers bounced and the orchestra blared, Jim Walter, stone sober, fell sound asleep. 1986Los Angeles Times 20 July v. 4/4, I was surprised that he didn't require that the bare-breasted statue be fitted with a brassiere.
d.1577tr. Bullinger's Decades Pref., Ministers..bare bitten of their Patrons. 1603Florio Montaigne i. xxvii. (1632) 96 A subject, common, bare-worne, and wyer-drawne. 1605Shakes. Lear v. iii. 122 By Treasons tooth bare-gnawne. 1627May Lucan ix. 7 On their bare-eaten ground. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 308 Ev'n the bareworn common is denied.
B. adv. [cf. Sw. bara only, Ger. baar.]
†1. Thoroughly, completely. (Cf. A 12). Obs. rare.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 465 Ȝet breued watz hit ful bare, A meruayl among þo menne.
2. With numeral adjs.: No more than, at most; scarcely, barely. arch. or Obs.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1573 Out-taken bare two & þenne he þe þrydde. 1597J. Payne Royal Exch. 46 Errors..of bare 80 yeres continuans. 1678Otway Friendsh. in F. 24 As hot-headed with my bare two Bottles, as a drunken Prentice. 1716Lond. Gaz. 5410/4 Weighs bare ten Grains.
C. n. [the adj. used absol.]
1. A naked part of the body; the bare skin.
c1300St. Brandan 612 And helede al aboute his bodi, nas ther no bar on him bileved. c1400Destr. Troy xiv. 5821 Hit shot þrough..þe shire maile, to þe bare of þe body. 1526Tindale Mark xiv. 51 Cloothed in linnen apon the bare. 1611Beaum. & Fl. King & No K. ii. 45 If ever I touch'd any bare of her. 1906Westm. Gaz. 29 Dec. 16/1 The downtrodden slippers tied on with string, toes out, and hardly any sole: the child is walking ‘on the bare’, as the saying is.
fig.c1600Marston (in Webster), You have touched the very bare of truth.
†2. A bare space or place. Obs.
1683–4Gt. Frost (1844) Introd. 19 Her [Thames'] watry green [shou'd] be turn'd into a bare. 1706Phillips, Bare, a Place without Grass, made smooth to Bowl in.
▪ II. bare, v.|bɛə(r)|
[OE. *barian (in abarian), f. bær bare a.; cf. also bęrian, ON. bera, OHG. barôn.]
1. trans. To make or lay bare, uncover, open to view; to unsheathe (a weapon).
a1000Beowulf 2482 Benc-þelu beredon. a1300Cursor M. 1878 Þorow a fowel..may we knaw if þe erþ barid be. c1420Pallad. on Husb. iv. 14 The pith to bare is not thaire kynde. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. iii. 49 And thus vnbraced..Haue bar'd my Bosome to the Thunder-stone. a1725Pope Odyss. xix. 526 His tusks..the sinewy fibres tore, And bared the bone. 1876Green Short Hist. iv. §5 (1882) 197 Earl Warrenne bared a rusty sword. 1884Tennyson Becket 133 He bows, he bares his head.
2. fig. To disclose, reveal, make manifest.
[c1000ælfric Joshua ii. 20 Gif ðú abarast úre sprǽce.] c1250Gen. & Ex. 1912 His fader he it gan vn-hillen & baren. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1149 Þat watz bared in Babyloyn. a1652Brome City Wit iv. ii, To fall out and bare one anothers secrets. 1764Goldsm. Trav. 390 Tear off reserve, and bare my swelling heart. 1822B. Cornwall Julian Apost., They did bare the secrets of the grave.
3. To strip, divest. Const. of, from.
c1440Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) ii. xx, Vntyll a soule can..baren [bareyn 1533] hym from all the good dedes that he dooth. 1443Hen. VI in Ellis Orig. Lett. iii. 34 I. 80 Werres..haue bared vs gretely of tresore. 1563Sackville Myrr. Mag. Induct. 2 With blustring blastes had al ybared the treen. 1857Livingstone Trav. xix. 367 He quite bared his garden in feeding us. 1858J. Martineau Stud. Chr. 42 Stripped of every disguise, and bared of all that is conventional.
▪ III. bare
obs. form of boar, bear. |