| 释义 |
rotary, a. and n.|ˈrəʊtərɪ|
[ad. late L. rotāri-us (Quicherat), f. rota wheel: see -ary.]
A. adj.
1. Of motion: Circular; taking place round a centre or axis.
1731Bailey, vol. II, Rotary, of or pertaining to a wheel; whirling or turning round, as a rotary motion.
1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 330 A rotary motion is very frequently transmitted by means of an endless strap. 1853Kane Grinnell Exped. xv. (1856) 113 During its rotary oscillations against the bottom of the sea. 1867Denison Astron. 10 But the rotary motion of the earth is of no use for measuring latitude.
Comb.1883Wheel World Mar. 185 The ‘Orbi-cycle’, a rotary-motioned front steerer.
2. a. Operating by means of rotation; rotative.
Used spec. to designate a large number of machines in which the action depends on the rotation of some part.
1844Grove Contrib. Sci. 351 Two sets of magnets are employed, the one set stationary, and the other rotary. 1884J. Burroughs Locusts & Wild H. 118 All our general storms are cyclonic in their character, that is, rotary and progressive. 1906Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 6 Jan. 7/3 Big rotary snowplows and gangs of men have been unable to cope with the conditions. 1939Archit. Rev. LXXXV. 76/3 The laundry is all electric, and is equipped with a Rotary Washer and Spin Dryer, and Rotary Ironer. 1960Which? Mar. 48/1 The rotary mower differs from the side-wheel and roller in the way it cuts, which is a chopping action, like a scythe, rather than a shearing action, like a pair of scissors. 1963R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking ii. 68 Rotary screens may be divided into inward and outward flow types which may be either oscillating or stationary. 1970Which? Mar. 84/2 If you have got long, rough, grass, you will still need a rotary mower. 1977Evening Gaz. (Middlesbrough) 11 Jan. 10/4 (Advt.), Kenwood rotary ironer, excellent condition, {pstlg}20. 1979SLR Camera June 39/3 Don't put the prints in a conventional flat-bed or rotary dryer designed for drying fibre-based papers.
b. Printing. Designating a press in which a cylindrical printing surface is rotated continuously in contact with moving paper, usu. from a web, and the resulting method of printing.
1880F. J. Wilson Typogr. Printing Machines iv. 135 Owing to the speed at which rotary machines are driven, slight difficulties frequently arise. 1899J. Southward Mod. Printing III. xvi. 148 Rotary web printing was in England first rendered practicable by engineers employed in the office of The Times, who produced the ‘Walter Press,’ which was completed in 1866. 1926R. W. Polk Pract. Printing xv. 114 There are rotary presses (called sheet-fed rotaries) which print sheets of paper previously cut to size, but most of them print from large rolls of paper which feed a continuous web through the machine at a high rate of speed. 1962Penrose Ann. LVI. 103 It is still too early to predict what the future will hold for the letterpress rotary machine utilizing wrapround plates. 1968J. R. Biggs Basic Typogr. 80/2 With a rotary press, in which an impression is made at every revolution of the cylinder, very high speeds are possible. 1979P. G. New Bk. Production vi. 81 Letterpress..is taking a leaf from litho's book by adopting some of the same techniques, such as rotary printing.
c. Designating or pertaining to a system of drilling, used esp. in drilling for oil, in which the drilling column with the bit attached to it is rotated; rotary table, in rotary drilling, a power-driven steel turntable which is attached to the top of the drilling column and serves to rotate it.
1906B. Redwood Treat. Petroleum (ed. 2) I. 287 The rotary system, which is in general use in the oil-fields of the coastal plain of Texas, is a modification of that invented by Fauvelle in 1845. Ibid. 288 There are three styles of rotary rigs in use. Ibid. 289 The lower end of the drilling-rod or casing with the bit attached is passed through the rotary table. 1912E. H. C. Craig Oil-Finding viii. 150 Thus through a thick soft argillaceous group it may be found most profitable to use a rotary rig, while drop drills and under-reamers may suit a variable series containing hard calcareous bands. 1939D. Hager Fund. Petroleum Industry ix. 200 The drill is turned by means of the rotary table. 1944B. A. Botkin Treas. Amer. Folklore iv. 493 Rivalries take such subtle forms as the feud between cable-tool drillers and rotary workers in the oil fields. 1974Petroleum Rev. XXVIII. 724/3 Samples may be retrieved by conventional rotary coring. 1974BP Shield Internat. Oct. 18/4 Once it's drilled all the way down to the ‘rotary-table’, we pull the kelly back, unscrew it, and then make it up to another 30 feet section of pipe.
3. Of persons: Acting in rotation.
1862Congregationalist 30 May (Cent.), Several years since they..became an Independent Presbyterian church with a rotary board of elders.
4. (With capital initial.) Of or pertaining to a world-wide organization of clubs for business and professional men (of which the first, formed in Chicago in 1905, met at each member's premises in rotation) which have the aim of promoting unselfish service and international goodwill. Rotary Club, a local branch of this organization.
1910Chicago Record-Herald 10 June 2/4 ‘The National Association of Rotary Clubs will be one of the most powerful factors in the civic life of the nation,’ declared Paul P. Harris... ‘Its membership, limited to one man in each line of business,..fighting together in the seventeen largest cities of the country, will be able to win on about any proposition they undertake.’ 1921Glasgow Herald 10 Feb. 9/4 Sir Harry Lauder was the guest of honour at a Rotary Club luncheon at the Hotel Cecil, London, yesterday afternoon. Ibid. 15 June 11/1 The subjects under consideration included Rotary education, publicity, and business methods. 1930G. O. Thomas Calm Weather 61 The Rotary Club of which I am a member is very luckily composed of such persons as are engaged in different ways of life, and deputed as it were out of the most conspicuous classes of mankind. 1945Business Week (U.S.) 30 June 44/3 But final decision is to be made..at the next fully attended Rotary convention. 1951Britannica Bk. of Year 558/1 Eleven young men and one young woman nominated by Rotary Clubs in Great Britain and Ireland were awarded Rotary foundation fellowships. 1963Sat. Even. Post (U.S.) 9 Feb. 60/2 A new club adopts the standard Rotary constitution in its native tongue. Ibid. 62/3 Rotary volunteers are setting up small-business clinics in backward areas. 1972T. P. McMahon Issue of Bishop's Blood xii. 143 He was pudgy, five-seven—the type that would fit at any Rotary luncheon in the country. 1976S. Wales Echo 25 Nov. 20/4 The Rotary Club of Cardiff run a Christmas bargain shop from Tuesday next to Saturday.
5. Special collocations: rotary camera, a type of automatic camera, used to photograph documents, in which the subject material is moved automatically past the lens in synchronization with the film; rotary clothes-drier or rotary-line, an approximately circular clothes line supported by spokes from a central pole and capable of rotation; rotary converter, an electric motor adapted for use with either alternating or direct current and capable of converting one to the other; rotary cutting or rotary cut, a method of making veneer by rotating a log longitudinally against a knife-edge so that a layer of wood is peeled off; hence rotary-cut adj.; rotary cutter, the apparatus used in this method; rotary engine, any engine which produces rotary motion or of which the action depends upon the rotation of some part or parts; spec. (a) an aircraft engine with a fixed crankshaft around which cylinders and propeller rotate; (b) a Wankel engine; hence rotary-engined adj.; rotary table: see sense 2 c above; rotary-wing, used attrib. to denote any aircraft deriving its lift from aerofoils that rotate, usu. in an approximately horizontal plane.
1955H. Ten Eyck Gloss. Terms Microreproduction 68 Rotary camera, any microfilm camera which photographs documents while they are being moved by some form of transport mechanism. 1962A. Günther Microphotogr. in Library (Unesco) 18 For the production of roll microfilm..there are rotary cameras in which separate original pages and the film move synchronously. 1974G. G. Baker et al. Guide to Production of Microforms iii. 15 Some rotary cameras have been specially designed to accept continuous line-printout stationery.
1971Guardian 10 Apr. 4/1 (Advt.), Rotary clothes drier with 100 foot line. 1971Country Gentlemen's Mag. May 222/2 Rotary Clothes Lines..offer more line space than the conventional fixed line. 1978P. Porter Cost of Seriousness 3 A camera, an eye Of memory is recounting inches along from the pea-trellis, The cement-block fence, the rotary clothes-line.
1899Franklin & Williamson Alternating Currents xiii. 166 An ordinary direct current dynamo may be made into an alternator by providing it with collecting rings..in addition to its commutator. Such a machine is called a rotary converter. Ibid. 167 The rotary converter may be used as an ordinary direct-current dynamo or motor. 1934Discovery Nov. 324/2 Their products include D.C. to A.C. rotary converters,..constant current changing dynamos and an entirely portable petrol-driven alternator. 1950Times Rev. Industry Sept. 25/1 One of the first three locomotives is to have a rotary converter set and d.c. motors.
1927Knight & Wulpi Veneers & Plywood xvii. 151 The modern methods of manufacturing veneer are practically three-fold, the oldest being sawn, the later, sliced, and the recent, rotary cut. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIX. 922/2 More than 90 percent of all veneer is rotary cut... Logs of hard woods, intended for rotary cut or sliced veneer, are softened by submersion in hot water or steam.
1799Repertory Arts X. 303 Similar effects may be produced..by a rotary cutter. 1936Archit. Rev. LXXX. 180/3 If you produce your veneers in any required size by the rotary cutter (invented about 1892)..you superimpose something on your materials which is not natural to them according to established standards. 1973Materials & Technol. VI. i. 85 The handling of veneers as they are produced by the rotary cutters varies from factory to factory.
1927Knight & Wulpi Veneers & Plywood xvii. 148 There are four ways of converting logs into veneer... If these are to be arranged according to volume of production, rotary cutting will easily stand at the head of the list. 1957Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 42/2 Veneers are also produced by means of the rotary cutting process as a raw material for plywood.
1838Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 139/1 The expansive principle would not answer for rotary or double engines. 1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 516/2 In all rotary engines, with the exception of steam turbines,—where work is done by the kinetic impulse of steam,—there are steam chambers which alternately expand and contract in volume. 1909Flying: the Why & Wherefore x. 91 The recent successes of the seven-cylinder rotary Gnome engine. 1928C. F. S. Gamble Story of N. Sea Air Station xiii. 216 Although rotary engines were falling gradually into disfavour owing to their heavy lubricating-oil consumption, lack of reliability, and large head resistance, one engine was designed during this year—the Bentley Rotary..which gave excellent service in single-seater machines in 1918. 1960C. H. Gibbs-Smith Aeroplane i. viii. 30 In 1887 he [sc. Lawrence Hargraves] invented the rotary engine (driven by compressed air) in which the cylinders and propeller revolved about a stationary crankshaft. 1968S. E. Ellacott Everyday Things in Eng. 1914–68 xii. 182 The Wankel rotary engine.. was on show at Earl's Court in October 1967. 1969J. D. Storer Simple Hist. Steam Engine i. 16 If the water or wind could be replaced by a man-made stream of steam, or hot gases, an ideal rotary engine would result. This type of heat engine is known as a turbine. 1973H. Jones Steam Engines iv. 47 Between 1785 and 1800, Boulton and Watt supplied 110 rotary engines fitted with sun and planet gear to textile mills.
1909Westm. Gaz. 23 Oct. 9/1 Delagrange brought out his rotary-engined Bleriot. 1973Times 28 June 31/2 The Mazda RX3, now the cheapest rotary-engined car at {pstlg}1,615 in Britain.
1908Rotary-wing [see gyropter s.v. gyro-]. 1935Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XXXIX. 53 The main objects of this invention is [sic] to increase the stability and manœuvrability of helicopter machines, to improve the controllability of rotary wing aircraft to reduce the drag of such aircraft. 1958Times 1 Mar. 7/3 A company engaged in manufacturing rotary wing aircraft is seeking permission to operate a base which would consist of a small platform built over the Thames, connected to an aircraft parking area on the river bank.
B. n.
1. A rotary machine or apparatus. spec. A rotary printing machine or press.
1888Jacobi Printer's Vocab. 115 Rotary, a short term for rotary printing machines. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 203 This machine gives twice the speed of the early rotaries. 1926Penrose's Ann. XXVIII. 135 A battery of reel-fed litho. offset rotaries are running most efficiently. 1978R. Clay in J. Moran Clays of Bungay xiii. 145 In 1938 the Company had purchased two old Cottrell sheet-fed rotaries.
2. (With capital initial.) The Rotary organization or its ideals; an individual Rotary Club. Rotary International, the official title (since 1922) of the world-wide organization of Rotary Clubs.
1921Glasgow Herald 10 Feb. 9/4 Sir Harry Lauder..said Rotary was like the lamplighter who came into a dark street. 1922Rotarian May 234/1 No more important question can ever come before a Rotary convention than one which will be discussed at the convention in Los Angeles—a Constitution for International Rotary. 1935D. Fahey Mystical Body of Christ in Mod. World vi. 112 Let us see what attitude the Catholic Church has adopted towards Rotary. 1944B. Johnson As Much as I Dare 275 When the members of the Denver Rotary attend Eastern conventions they wear ten-gallon hats. 1963Sat. Even. Post 9 Feb. 58 Once a mutual-aid society for Midwestern businessmen, Rotary busily promotes peace and good brotherhood on a global scale. 1977H. Fast Immigrants iv. 243 I'm due to speak to Rotary in thirty-five minutes.
3. U.S. = roundabout n. 4 d.
1940N. Bel Geddes Magic Motorways v. 91 Progress around the rotary is slow, for all cars have to weave from lane to lane and are slowed down by the cars feeding in ahead. 1955New Yorker 12 Mar. 38/2 At eight the next morning we came to the first traffic rotary outside New York, in New Jersey. 1966PMLA LXXXI. ii. 11/1 In my lifetime I have seen the traffic circle of the Middle Atlantic States become the rotary of New England. 1976A. Cross Question of Max i. 15 She executed..several rotaries which seemed specifically designed to enable cars going in opposite directions to meet head-on. |