| 释义 |
psychoaˈnalysis
Also with hyphen and (rare) as psychanalysis.
[ad. F. psychoanalyse (S. Freud 1896, in Rev. Neurologique IV. 166): see psycho- and analysis.
Freud earlier used psychische analyse and klinischpsychologische analyse (Neurol. Centralbl. (1894) XIII. 364).]
a. A therapeutic method originated by Freud for treating disorders of the personality or behaviour by bringing into a patient's consciousness his unconscious conflicts and fantasies (which are attributed chiefly to the development of the sexual instinct) through the free association of ideas, analysis and interpretation of dreams and parapraxes, etc., and allowing him to relive them by transference.
b. A theory of personality and psychical life derived from this, based on concepts of the ego, id, and super-ego, the conscious, pre-conscious, and unconscious levels of the mind, and the repression of the sexual instinct; more widely, a branch of psychology dealing with the unconscious.
[1898H. Ellis in Alienist & Neurologist XIX. 610 The influence of fear is not denied by Breuer and Freud, but they have found that careful psychic analysis frequently reveals that the shock of a commonplace ‘fear’ is really rooted in a lesion of the sexual emotions.] 1906Jrnl. Abnormal Psychol. I. 28 Their importance with relation to treatment (by the method of ‘psycho-analysis’) is made clear. 1913Q. Rev. Jan. 143 ‘Psycho-analysis’ has been strongly advocated by some men in the medical profession... It consists in carefully and systematically resuscitating the patient's past memories, thus making him aware of his buried and unconscious mental processes, when those are brought before his present consciousness. 1924W. B. Selbie Psychol. of Relig. 286 Psycho-analysis is the name given to the process by which the hidden depths of the individual consciousness can be revealed. 1932Sun (Baltimore) 12 Sept. 6/3 Psychanalysis for the majority of informed Marylanders is not..a new kind of gypsy dreambook. 1938Internat. Jrnl. Psycho-Anal. XIX. 1 Everything of importance that we know concerning the play of instinctual forces and the course they follow in the homosexual we have derived from psycho⁓analysis. 1958Thorpe & Schmuller Personality ix. 215 According to psychoanalysis, all of us are characterized by primitive impulses, but our parents and the culture have required us to develop standards of behavior which lead to the repression of these impulses, forcing them into the unconscious. 1964A. Anastasi Fields of Applied Psychol. xiv. 383 It is apparent that active interpretation by the therapist is a major feature of psychoanalysis. 1964M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. ii. 26 Neither of the two major theoretical approaches in psychology—psychoanalysis or learning theory—can explain the phenomena of childhood socialization satisfactorily. 1966Times 13 Jan. 11/4 Freudian and Jungian psychanalysis..has had its day. 1974J. Mitchell Psychoanal. & Feminism ii. ii. 153 His theories of the nature of sexuality and the evidence of its repression..were developed in a double intellectual context, that of Marxism and of psychoanalysis. 1975A. Ryle Frames & Cages iii. 19 In psychoanalysis, the therapist will..embark on a relationship with the patient, the understanding and evolution of which is the central process of therapy... It is through this process that unconscious primitive fantasies are replaced by freer and less idiosyncratic apprehension of the self and the world. |