| 释义 |
† beˈdene, adv. Obs. exc. dial.
Forms: 3–6 bidene, 4 biden, bedeine, 4–6 by-, bedene, bedeyne, 5 bydeene, beedene, beden, 6 bedyn, 8–9 bedeen.
[ME. bidene, a word of constant occurrence in northern ME. verse, but of uncertain origin; its senses run partly parallel with those of anon, but it is often used without any appreciable force, as a rime word, or to fill up the measure. Its latter part is almost certainly the early ME. adv. æne, ene, OE. ǽne ‘once, at once, in one, together’ (cf. the ME. phrases at ene at once, for ene for once, and see ene): but the bid- is difficult of explanation.
Marsh and Mätzner compared Du. bijdien, MDu. bidên, bidien, LG. bidên ‘by that, thereby, beside that,’ which must be discarded; Stratmann compared LG. binêne (? for bî êne), and suggested that bidene might be for bi ene, but offered no explanation of the -d-. Prof. Zupitza (note to Guy of Warwick, 15th c. version, l. 2408) suggests a corruption of *mid ene, comparing MHG. mitein, mit eine, ‘together, unà.’ This completely suits the sense; also, the change of initial m to b, though unusual, is not unexampled; cf. esp. MHG. bitalle for mit alle ‘wholly, entirely.’ But there are historical difficulties in the non-appearance of *mid ǽne in OE., or of mid éne, bidene, in early southern ME., where alone mid was retained; in the rise and use of bidene in the north, where mid was not retained in ME; and in the fact that the Old Northumbrian had not mid, but mið, so that the Anglian form would have been mið éne. These difficulties are only partially removed, if, for mid, we start from the more northern with. In the Old Usages of Winchester (E.E. Guilds), we see wiþ-inne, wiþ-owte, transformed into by-þinne, by-þowte, through assimilation to by; similarly *wið ene, *wiþ ene, might be changed into *bi-ðene, *by-þene; but the change of the latter into bi-dene, would still remain to be explained.]
1. In one body or company, together. all bedene: all together; altogether, completely. Cf. anon 1.
c1200Ormin 4793 He [Job] forrlæs hiss streon Onn an daȝȝ all bidene, Tenn menn. a1300Cursor M. 1553 Manes sinne..corrupt all þis world bidene. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 8044 A vesselle dypped alle bidene In water. 1450Myrc Par. Pr. 1870 And also halowet alle by-dene. 1522World & Child in Hazl. Dodsl. I. 268 All this company that is gathered here bi-dene.
2. Sometimes perhaps: Straight on, continuously, right through so as to include the whole quantity or number; one after another. Cf. anon 3.
a1300Cursor M. 1457 Enos son liued al biden Nine hundret yeir and fiue, i wene. Ibid. 11560 To sle the childryn alle by-dene [v.r. be-, bidene] Wyth-ynne the toun of bedlem. 1375Barbour Bruce v. 144 [He] sperit tithandis of the queyn, And of his frendis all bedeyn. c1400Destr. Troy xxix. 12092 He besit hym..Fele dayes bedene, or he þat dere fonde. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 184 To till a felde man must have diligence, And balk it not; but eree it up bydene. c1475Sqr. Lowe Degree 272 Take thy leve of kinge and quene, And so to all the courte bydene.
3. Straightway, at once, forthwith, immediately. Cf. anon 4.
a1300E.E. Psalter l. 4 Nou mare me wasche of min ivel bi-dene. c1460Launfal 907 in Ritson Met. Rom. I. 209 The kyng answerede bedene, Well come, ye maydenes schene. 1513G. Doulgas æneis i. ii. 33 Warp all thair bodyis in the deip bedene. 1786Har'st Rig in Pop. Sc. Poems 49 The master is set sair, And vows bedeen that he will share His staff amang them. 1791A. Wilson Laurel Disput. Wks. (1846) 124 A saxpence too, to let me in bedeen.
4. Sometimes perhaps: In a little while, by and by, ‘anon.’ Cf. anon 5.
1330R. Brunne Chron. 149 And Richard oste bidene at Marsille left alle þo. 1470Harding Chron. ccxv, To Caleice so he came and home bee dene. a1550Christis Kirke Gr. xxii, Fresch men cam in and hail'd the dulis, And dang them doun in dailis Bedene. 1830Hogg in Blackw. Mag. XXVIII. 738 Read on our Bibles, pray bedeen.
5. As an expletive, or without appreciable force.
c1350Med. MS. Archæol. XXX. 351 And stampe alle togedir bedene And wryngis thorow a cloth clene. 1375Barbour Bruce xv. 108 Fra develling came schippis xv Chargit with armyt men bedeyne [v.r. bedene, bedeene]. c1420Anturs Arth. liii, Bothe the king and the quene, And other duȝti bi-dene. 1810Tannahill Poems (1846) 139 Ye'll baith come owre on Friday bedeen, And join us. |