| 释义 |
psychoid, n. and a.|ˈsaɪkɔɪd|
[f. psyche or Gr. ψυχή + -oid.]
A. n. A name variously given to vital forces that appear to direct the functions and reflex actions of the living body.
1908H. Driesch Sci. & Philos. of Organism III. iii. iii. 82, I therefore propose the very neutral name of ‘Psychoid’ for the elemental agent discovered in action. ‘Psychoid’—that is, a something which though not a ‘psyche’ can only be described in terms analogous to those of psychology. 1930E. Bleuler in Psychiatric Q. IV. 43 Bodily functions, too, are integrated to a high degree... Hence we have good grounds for bringing the bodily functions, too, under one conception. This summary, the body soul, I have called the psychoid... We cannot do otherwise than regard the psyche as a specialization of the psychoid of the organism. 1931A. Wolf in W. Rose Outl. Mod. Knowl. 575 Just as the development of an animal is directed by an entelechy, so its behaviour is directed by an analogous psychoid, or an inborn intelligent urge to action. 1935H. F. Dunbar Emotions & Bodily Change i. 47 Let us therefore call the body-soul the psychoid. Now the relationship of psyche to soma becomes clear.
B. adj. Pertaining to these forces (see also quot. 1960).
1930Psychiatric Q. IV. 43 With human beings we have a number of reactions which are half psychoid and half psychic... When we scratch ourselves..how much of this is reflex action, and how much conscious action? 1934E. B. Strauss tr. Kretschmer's Text-bk. Med. Psychol. iv. 39 The discrete components of an intended act are associated with a minimal degree of conscious participation or are even unconscious; i.e. they are predominantly psychoid. 1944J. S. Huxley On Living in Revolution iv. 50 All the activities of the world-stuff are accompanied by mental as well as material happenings; in most cases, however, the mental happenings are at such a low level of intensity that we cannot detect them; we may perhaps call them ‘psychoid’ happenings, to emphasize their difference in intensity and quality from our own psychical or mental activities. 1960R. F. C. Hull tr. Jung's Structure & Dynamics of Psyche in Coll. Wks. VIII. iii. 177 If I make use of the term ‘psychoid’ I do so with three reservations: firstly, I use it as an adjective..; secondly no psychic quality in the proper sense of the word is implied, but only a ‘quasi-psychic’ one such as the reflex-processes possess; and thirdly, it is meant to distinguish a category of events from merely vitalistic phenomena..and from specifically psychic processes. |