| 释义 |
▪ I. rude, a. and adv.|ruːd|
Forms: 4 ruide, 4–5 ruyde (5 Sc. royde), 5 ruyd, 6 Sc. ruid; 5 reude, 5–6 rewde; 4– rude.
[a. OF. ruide, rude (F. rude), or ad. L. rudis unwrought, unformed, inexperienced, etc. Cf. MDu. ruud-, ruut.
In some ME. and early Sc. texts there appears to be a certain amount of confusion between rude and roid a.]
A. adj.
I.
1. a. Uneducated, unlearned; ignorant; lacking in knowledge or book-learning.
a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 752 She was nought rude ne vnmete, But couthe ynow of sich doyng As longeth vnto karolyng. 1390Gower Conf. II. 33, I am so rude in my degree And ek mi wittes ben so dulle. c1430Lydg. Minor Poems (Percy Soc.) 81 To voyde al errour fro folkis that ben rude. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 368 Hely raise my renovne amang the rude peple. 1536Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) II. 27 They shall leave their cure not to a rude and unlerned person but to a good, lerned & experte curate. 1609Bible (Douay) Gen. xvi. Comm., Some obey whilest they are rude or in a low state, but having got a little knowledge or advancement disdaine their advancers. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxvi. 141 The rude people taking pleasure in singing, or reciting them. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 11 The Country people being a Clownish rude people. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 107 The London clergy..set an example which was bravely followed by their ruder brethren all over the country. 1865Mozley Miracles 209 The new religion was first promulgated by rude men unacquainted with learning and rhetoric.
b. absol. as pl. The unlearned or ignorant.
c1400Rom. Rose 2268 Loke..that they sitte so fetisly, That these ruyde may vttirly Merveyle. c1460G. Ashby Dicta Philos. 534 He muste abstene from Rude & Unkunnyng, And al suche vnthrifty folkys despise. 1515Barclay Egloges iv. (1570) C vj b, His sight infourmeth the rude & ignorant. 1568T. Howell Arb. Amitie (1879) 53 Unto the weake shee was a strength,..Unto the rude, a lamp of light. 1655–60Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 121/2 Whatsoever they have, to the good seems sufficient, to the rude too little. [1892Pater Wks. (1901) VIII. 228 Fritillaries.., Snake's heads, the rude call them, for their shape.]
c. Of the mind, understanding, times, etc.
c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 41 He knew nat Catoun, for his wit was rude. c1425Wyntoun Cron. i. Prol. 39 Ruyde is my witt, And semple to put all in wryte. c1500Melusine 371 The vnderstanding of humayne Creature is to rude to vnderstande the spyce espirytuel. a1547Surrey in Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 218 In the rude age when knowledge was not rife. 1638Junius Paint. Ancients 8 Young children..follow the tender imaginations of their rude and unexercised conceits in making of..images out of clay. 1648Wilkins Math. Magic ii. iii. 168 So much were all these kind of inventions admired in those ruder and darker times. 1788Priestley Lect. Hist. iv. xxvi. 204 The fifteenth century was one of the most rude and illiterate ages. 1858Hawthorne Fr. & It. Note-bks. (1872) I. 22 His first rude and ignorant prejudice. 1867Duke of Argyll Reign of Law vii. (1871) 376 The stage of rude ignorance which led to the breaking of machinery.
†d. transf. Of animals: Irrational. Obs.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 453 As in wilde wildernesse wexeth wilde bestes, Rude and vnresonable rennenge with-out croperes. 14..in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 124 To se the bestes that so humble bee.., The rude asse and the ox also. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 16779 As wel thes Rude beestes, as Men that were Resounable.
2. a. Unexperienced, inexpert, unskilled. Now arch. and rare.
1382Wyclif 2 Chron. xiii. 7 Bot Roboam was rude, and with ferde herte, and myȝt not aȝeinstonden to hem. 1489Skelton Death Earl Northumbld. 142 What nedeth me for to extoll his fame With my rude pen? 1529Wolsey in Cecil P. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 7 At the Loge with the rude hand and hevy hert of hym that ys assurydly yours with herte and prayer. 1533in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. II. 276 Scribled yn hast..with the rewde honde of your owne.., John Tregonwell. 1700Dryden Ovid's Met. i. 544 Imperfect shapes, in marble such are seen, When the rude chisel does the man begin. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Sat. ii. iii, Here the rude chisel's rougher strokes I traced. 1831Digby Mores Cath. (1845) I. ii. i. 107/1 The blessed Pasuntius..fled to..far-distant monasteries, dissembling his name, that there, as if a rude and new monk, he might discharge the lowest offices.
b. Lacking experience or skill in, without proper knowledge † of, unaccustomed to, something. Now arch. and rare.
a1400in Horstmann Hampole (1895) I. 165 A fleshle saule þe wilk is ȝitte rude in gastele studys. 1526Tindale 2 Cor. xi. 6 Though I be rude in speakynge, yet I am not so in knowledge. 1534Whitinton Tullyes Offices i. (1540) 1 Suche as be rude of the greke tongue. 1561Winȝet Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 9 Albeit we be ruid of letteris and iugement. a1639Wotton Dk. Buckingham 20 We must consider him..yet but rude in the profession of Arms. 1841Macaulay Ess., Leigh Hunt (1897) 592 He was altogether rude in the art of controversy. 1844― Misc. Wks. (1889) 295 It [the National Assembly] was no longer, as on the day when it met, altogether rude to political functions.
c. Inexact, superficial.
1691Ray Creation (1714) 94 He confesses he has been but a rude observer of them.
3. a. Devoid of, or deficient in, culture or refinement; uncultured, unrefined.
In some cases not clearly distinguishable from (and partly implying) sense 4 or 5.
c1386Chaucer Wife's T. 316 Al were it that myn auncetres wer rude, Yit may the highe God..Graunte me grace to lyve vertuously. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 8691, I am be-kome an Erde man,..A rud shepperde, thorgh my folye, And ha for-sake chyualrye. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 935, I rek nocht of thy riches,..Said the rude Saraȝine. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 2 My wytte is grosse, my selfe rude, and my tonge very barbarouse. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. iii. 38 The rude Porter that no manners had Did shut the gate against him in his face. 1604Shakes. Oth. i. iii. 81 Rude am I, in my speech, And little bless'd with the soft phrase of Peace. 1624Burton Anat. Mel. To Rdr. (ed. 2) 9, I am..a loose, plaine, rude writer.., I call a spade a spade. 1750Gray Elegy 16 Beneath those rugged elms..The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. 1810Scott Lady of L. i. xxx, 'Twere strange in ruder rank to find Such looks, such manners, and such mind. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 424 When he is a rude and thoughtless schoolboy and when he is a refined and accomplished man. 1864Tennyson Islet 10 A crew that is neither rude nor rash, But a bevy of Eroses apple-cheeked.
b. Uncivilized, barbarous.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 146/1 He coude not conuerte the euyll, rude and wylde peple. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 355 They..spake shamefully..of them, like to rude people without all humanitie. 1586Hooker Hist. Irel. in Holinshed II. 141/2 The rude people he framed to a civilitie, & their maners he reformed and brought to the English order. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 588 Skins of Beasts, the rude Barbarians wear. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. viii. §15 If we suppose rude mankind without the use of language. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlix. V. 158 It was the design of Otho the third to abandon the ruder countries of the north. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) II. 135 Their dress, food, and manners are like those of the rudest Dooraunees. 1865Lubbock Preh. Times iii. 60 We must now revert to still earlier times and ruder races of men.
c. Of things, feelings, actions, practices, etc.
a1400Morte Arth. 1049 Thare ware rostez fulle ruyde, and rewfulle bredez. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 1017 Grose folke of rude affection, dronkerdes, banysshed of trewe felyng [etc.]. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 37 Not content with hys grosse rudenesse, and rude dissimulacion. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa v. 240 The citizens are valiant, though they bee of rude behauior. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 15 The Women are Apparelled in a fashion that seems to be rude and clownish. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Art Poet. 319 The tragic bard,..Though rude his mirth, yet labour'd to maintain The solemn grandeur of the tragic scene. Ibid. 552 A rude genius of uncultur'd strain. 1819Scott Ivanhoe iii, The other appointments of the mansion partook of the rude simplicity of the Saxon period. 1861Reade Cloister & H. xxxviii, With kind force and words of rude consolation, they almost lifted Denys on to the mule.
d. Of life, conditions, or times.
1538Starkey England i. i. 9 [City vice] wych al in the cuntrey and rude lyfe of them ys avoyded, by the reson that they lyfe not togydur aftur your cyuylyte. 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Rusticus, Rude and vplandish life in the countrey.
1769Robertson Chas. V, Wks. 1813 V. 462 Most of the American Tribes..are in a ruder and more simple state than the ancient Germans. 1777― Hist. Amer. iv. (1778) I. 257 In the New World, the state of mankind was ruder, and the aspect of Nature extremely different. 1827Hallam Const. Hist. iv. (1876) I. 191 A disorderly state of the church, arising from..the rude state of manners and general ignorance of the clergy. 1844Disraeli Coningsby vii. ii, Parliamentary representation was the happy device of a ruder age. 1883Fortn. Rev. May 695 Englishmen have ceased to watch over their local interests with the jealous vigilance of ruder times.
4. Unmannerly, uncivil, impolite; offensively or deliberately discourteous:
a. Of speech or actions.
c1386Chaucer Nun's Pr. Prol. 42 Then spak our Ost, with rude speche and bold,..‘Com neer, thou preest’. a1400Morte Arth. 1332 Thou sulde repent fulle rathe of thi ruyde wordez. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxvi. 225 Gerarde began to fall at rude wordes with Huon. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 431 Teach vs sweete Madame, for our rude transgression, some faire excuse. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 36 Neither their murmuring nor rude speeches could make me yield the place to them. 1652Milton Sonn. xvi. 2 Through a cloud Not of warr onely, but detractions rude. 1711Steele Spect. No. 109 ⁋5 He..never said a rude thing in his Life. 1781Gibbon Decl. & F. xix. (1787) II. 135 The profound respect..was insensibly changed into rude familiarity. 1847Mrs. A. Kerr tr. Ranke's Hist. Servia 330 The haughty insolence of the Ottomans displayed itself in the rudest and most offensive conduct.
transf.1784Cowper Task ii. 258 That no rude savour maritime invade The nose of nice nobility.
b. Of persons.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iii. ii. 262 Why are you growne so rude? 1617Moryson Itin. i. 197 He..did..call me backe, and surely would have been rude with me, had I not gone up faster than he could follow me. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 277 These Slaves have power to beat the Turks if they are rude and insolent in their Taverns. 1718Free-thinker No. 57. 12, I hope you will not think me rude in what follows. 1778Johnson in Boswell (Oxf. ed.) II. 206 We have done with civility. We are to be as rude as we please. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xviii. IV. 228 The crowd of rustics who had been rude to James when he was stopped at Sheerness. 1891‘J. S. Winter’ Lumley xii, ‘We haven't found Blackwood rude at all,’ said Vere.
5. Ungentle, violent, harsh, rugged; marked by unkind or severe treatment of persons, etc.
a. Of personal qualities, the hands, etc.
1390Gower Conf. I. 165 This Geant with his ruide myht Part of the banke he schof doun riht. a1400Morte Arth. 1057 He..Raykez to-warde the renke reghte with a ruyde wille. c1470Henry Wallace viii. 1054 The rude low rais full heych abown that hauld. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. v. iv. 60 Ruffian: let goe that rude vnciuill touch. 1596― 1 Hen. IV, i. i. 41 The Noble Mortimer..Was by the rude hands of that Welshman taken. 1632Milton Penseroso 136 Where the rude Ax with heaved stroke Was never heard. 1637― Lycidas 4, I com to pluck your Berries.., And with forc'd fingers rude, Shatter your leaves before the mellowing year. 1746Hervey Medit. (1818) 8 A sort of religious dread,..such as hushed every ruder passion. 1813Byron Br. Abydos ii. xxviii, Hands more rude than wintry sky. 1850S. Dobell Roman i. Poet. Wks. (1875) 12 Like the shy Scared bird, to which the serpent's jaws are better Than his rude eyes. 1861Tulloch Eng. Purit. i. 94 The rude determination of this man made him master of every successive exigency.
b. Of acts, esp. blows, assaults, etc.
c1375Barbour Bruce ii. 356 [They] plungyt in the stalwart stour, And rowtis ruyd about thaim dang. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 850 Rude reknyng raise thair renkis betuene. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lviii. 198 The strokes was so rude that both knyghtes & horses fel to y⊇ erth. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, v. v. 106 How now? what meanes Death in this rude assalt? 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 326 The chief Bachir unbinds him, gives him three rude lashes with a whip. 1671Milton Samson 1567 Lest evil tidings with too rude irruption Hitting thy aged ear should pierce too deep. 1743Francis tr. Horace, Odes i. xvii. 24 Nor here shall Mars intemperate wage Rude war with him who rules the jovial vine. 1799Campbell Pleas. Hope i. 105 'Twas his to mourn misfortune's rudest shock. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 46 If he attempted to subdue the Protestant feeling of England by rude means. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. vii. 329 We have lately had some rude reminders..that something is wrong, somewhere.
c. Involving hardships or discomfort.
a1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. V. 107 The rude fatigues they had suffered during the storm. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles i. xxv, For, to ourselves, the deck's rude plank Is easy as the mossy bank. 1820Shelley Death iv. 3 Such is our rude mortal lot. 1861Reade Cloister & H. xxxix, Rude travel is enticing to us English.
d. Of persons: Acting in a rough or harsh manner; violent in action.
a1800Lads of Wamphray 65 in Child Ballads III. 460/2 O but these lads were wondrous rude, When the Biddess⁓burn ran three days blood! 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. iii. iii. vii, With fire-words the exasperated rude Titan rives and smites these Girondins. 1863M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer's Greece i. vi. 162 The old classical soil was trampled underfoot of the rude conqueror.
e. Fig. phr. rude awakening, a severe disillusionment or arousal from complacency.
1895G. Allen Woman who Did vi. 71 Alan was often quite alarmed in his soul when he thought of the rude awakening that no doubt awaited her. 1912T. Dreiser Financier v. 47 Life had given him no severe shocks nor rude awakenings. 1971Daily Tel. 12 June 18/1 Anyone visiting this year's Grosvenor House Antique Fair..with the object of buying antiques on the cheap is in for a rude awakening. 1975Shea & Wilson Golden Apple iv. 248 Then comes the rude awakening: food riots, industrial stagnation, a reign of lawless looting and plunder.
6. a. Turbulent, violent, boisterous, rough. Chiefly of the sea, winds, etc.
a1400–50Alexander 5595 Þan ridis he to a Reuere, a ruyde & a hoge. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxxxv. 135 b, These men of armes..came to the ryuer of Marke, the whiche is rude and depe. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iii. i. 20 In Cradle of the rude imperious Surge. 1605― Lear iv. ii. 30 You are not worth the dust which the rude winde Blowes in your face. 1667Milton P.L. x. 1074 The Clouds..pusht with Winds rude in thir shock. 1742Gray Propertius ii. 37 How the rude surge its sandy Bounds control. 1775Sheridan Rivals ii. i, If the wind be keen, some rude blast may have affected her! 1807J. Barlow Columb. i. 275 Rude thunders rake the crags. 1851Carlyle J. Sterling iii. ii. (1872) 182 Again, before long, the rude weather has driven him Southward. 1871R. Ellis Catullus lxiv. 179 A rough rude space of flowing water.
†b. rude air, the open air. Obs.
1784Unfortunate Sensibility II. 57, [I] had rarely been out but in a coach or a chair, so that I was almost a stranger to rude air.
c. Of health: Robust, vigorous.
1792in Ld. Auckland's Corr. (1861) II. 461, I flatter myself you are restored to rude health. 1848Kingsley Yeast xiii, The majority seemed under-sized, under-fed, utterly wanting in..what the penny-a-liners call ‘rude health’. 1871― At Last ii, Health, ‘rude’ in every sense of the word, is the mark of the Negro woman.
7. Of sounds: Discordant, harsh, unmusical.
c1350Will. Palerne 1851 Þe werwolf ful wiȝtli went to him euene, wiþ a rude roring as he him rende wold. c1450Holland Howlat 45 Rolpit reuthfully roth in a rude rane. c1470Henry Wallace v. 180 So hard thai blaw rude hornys wpon hycht. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 56 So rude ane reird Wes neuir hard with no man in this erd. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. i. i. 92 Peace you vngracious Clamors, peace rude sounds. 1697Congreve Mourn. Bride i. i, There's not a Slave..But should have..shook his Chains in Transport and rude Harmony. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Art Poet. 484 We laugh at him who constant brings The same rude discord from the jarring strings. 1757Wilkie Epigoniad iv. 91 His rude voice like thunder shakes the shore. 1822Scott Peveril v, This man's rude and clamorous grief. 1843Whittier To J. P. 15 Even thy song Hath a rude martial tone, a blow in every thought.
II.
8. a. Of language, composition, etc.: Lacking in elegance or polish; deficient in literary merit.
c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 9585, I rek noght, þogh þe ryme be rude, If þe maters þar-of be gude. 1390Gower Conf. III. 383 Y have do my trewe peyne With rude wordis and with pleyne..This bok to write. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy i. 3090 After þe maner of my rude stile. 1481Caxton Reynard (Arb.) 120 My copye whiche was in dutche, and by me william Caxton translated in to this rude and symple englyssh. 1551Robinson More's Utopia Ep. Transl., Rude and vnlearned speche defaceth and disgraceth a very good matter. 1572L. Mascall Plant. & Graff. Ep., To commende this my simple and rude woorke vnto your Lordship. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 15 Only from this rude tradition. 1763J. Brown Poetry & Music §5. 50 The oldest Compositions among the Arabs are in Rythm or rude Verse. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vii. II. 225 His rude oratory roused and melted hearers who listened without interest to the laboured discourses of great logicians and Hebraists. 1861Stanley East. Ch. viii. (1869) 271 The Apostles used freely a rude version of the Old Testament.
b. Of drawings, etc.: Rough, imperfect; not very accurate or finished.
1679Burnet Hist. Ref. I. 282 A long letter, which the reader will find in the Collection, copied from the rude draught of it. 1681J. Glanvill Sadducismus 35 Those seemingly rude Lines and Scrawls which he intends for the Rudiments of a Picture. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Sat. ii. vii. 110 Some rude design In crayons or in charcoal. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. iii. 140 The memorandums and rude sketches of the Master and Surgeon, who were not..the ablest draughts-men. 1888Poor Nellie 176 People would often recognize the whereabouts of her rough rude sketches. 1890Doyle White Company xxv, He held a pen..with which he had been scribbling in a rude school-boy hand.
c. Roughly accurate or correct.
1854H. Rogers Ess. (1874) II. i. 53 A rude metaphorical or analogical approximation to exact expression. 1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 601/1 Fig. 27 shows in a rude way the absorption by cobalt glass cut in wedge form, and corrected by an equal prism of clear glass.
9. Coarse, inelegant, rough. rare.
c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 956 Right nought was sche abaissht of hir clothing, Though it were ruyde and som del eek to-rent. Ibid. 1060 These ladys..strippen hir out of hir rude arraye. a1500Bernardus De Cura rei fam. (E.E.T.S.) 83 Geffe þame enwcht of drynk and metis rude Quhilk may suffice to seruandis and þer fude. 1700Dryden Cymon & Iph. 74 Rude work well suited with a rustic mind. 1831Scott Cast. Dang. i, Their wants, with a very few exceptions, were completely supplied..by the rude and scanty produce of their..mountains and holms. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 332 The other section was destined to ruder and humbler service.
10. Of natural scenery or objects: Rugged, rough; uncultivated, wild.
c1386Chaucer Manciple's T. 66 (Ellesm.), Yet hath this brid..Leuere in a Forest, that is rude and coold, Goon ete wormes and swich wrecchednesse. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 14 That Ryall raid ouir the rude mure. 1578Lyte Dodoens 127 The first kinde of Veruayne groweth in rude places, about hedges, walles, wayes, streates and diches. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. i. iv. 64 Thy pallat the[n] did daine The roughest Berry, on the rudest Hedge. 1634Milton Comus 352 Where may she wander now, whether betake her From the chill dew, amongst rude burrs and thistles? 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters II. 95 In the middle of an open, rude common..stands a spring. 1794Godwin Caleb Williams 234, I arrived at the termination of this ruder scene, and reached that part of the county which is inclosed and cultivated. 1816Shelley Mt. Blanc 70 How hideously Its shapes are heaped around! rude, bare, and high, Ghastly, and scarred, and riven. 1867M. E. Herbert Cradle L. iii. 79 The rude rock remains uncovered.
11. a. Imperfect, unfinished; not reduced to shape, order, or regularity. Now rare or Obs.
1382Wyclif Mark ii. 21 No man seweth a pacche of rude, or newe, clothe to an old clothe. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) V. 411 For þe staat of holy chirche in Engelond, þat was ȝit ruyde and boistous, shulde nouȝt flecche. 1595Shakes. John v. vii. 27 You are borne To set a forme vpon that indigest Which he hath left so shapelesse, and so rude. 1631Widdowes Nat. Philos. 57 Spirits having roote in the heart, be either absolute or rude, and to be finished in other parts. 1692Ray Disc. i. (1732) 3 A rude and inordinate Heap. 1704Rowe Ulysses iii. i, So Jove look'd down upon the War of Atoms And rude tumultuous Chaos.
b. Of natural products: Unwrought; unmanufactured, raw.
1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 72, I my selfe sawe a masse of rude goulde (that is to say, such as was neuer molten). 1609Bible (Douay) Ecclus. xl. 4 Even to him, that is covered with rude linen [L. lino crudo]. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. To Rdr. 50 Let him..suffer no rude matter vnwrought as Tinne, Iron,..To bee transported out of his country. 1776Adam Smith W.N. ii. v. (1904) I. 401 Either the rude or manufactured produce. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 58 The production of metals from rude ores. 1844Disraeli Coningsby iv. ii, The cotton..in its rude state. 1865Lubbock Preh. Times (1878) iii. 66 Iron in a ‘rude’ state.
c. Left in a natural rough state; undressed.
1800Wordsw. Hart-Leap Well i. 83 Three pillars of rude stone Sir Walter reared. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. iii. 50 There were rude stones at Delphi..anterior to any temple. 1878C. Stanford Symb. Christ i. 3 Conscious of such a spell upon our spirits at the sight of the rudest stone, the simplest mound.
12. a. Of a rough, inelegant, or rugged form; in early use, big and coarse; strong but ill-shaped.
a1400Morte Arth. 1096 Brade in the scholders,..Ruyd armes as an ake with rusclede sydes. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 794 Vpon ane rude Runsy he ruschit out of toun. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xciii. 300 Huons spere was bygge & rude. 1595Shakes. John ii. i. 262 Tis not..your old-fac'd walles Can hide you.., Though all these English..Were harbour'd in their rude circumference. 1629Milton Hymn Nativ. i, The Heav'n-born-childe, All meanly wrapt in the rude manger lies. 1748Gray Alliance 26 How rude so e'er th' exterior Form we find. 1768Sir W. Jones Laura Poems (1777) 79 Steep arching rocks..Form her rude diadem, and native throne. 1796Withering Brit. Pl. (ed. 3) I. 233 Petals 4, rude, upright, blunt. 1805Wordsw. Prelude xiii. 228 How oft high service is performed within, When all the external man is rude in show. 1846Keble Lyra Innoc. (1873) 141 Who is this that comes with mantle rude? 1899O. Seaman In Cap & Bells (1900) 87 Not that I wear, like Bergerac, A nose of rather rude dimensions.
b. Roughly made or formed; imperfect in design or execution.
1612Sturtevant Metallica (1854) 40 Rude-ware are such sort of Press-ware which after they are pressed and moulded require no further ornament: as Prest-pipes, Prest-tiles, Prest-brickes, Prest-stones. 1711Pope Temple Fame 125 There on rude iron columns..The horrid forms of Scythian heroes stood. 1748Anson's Voy. iii. x. 415 The masts, sails, and rigging of these vessels are ruder than their built. 1814Scott Diary 10 Aug. in Lockhart, It is easy to descend into it by a rude path. 1842Borrow Bible in Spain xxiv, We saw others in the fields handling their rude ploughs. 1879Lubbock Sci. Lect. v. 155 It is an error to suppose that the rudest flint implements are necessarily the oldest.
13. Of an imperfect, undeveloped, or primitive character.
1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa iii. 146 Other games there are also, but very rude. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 391 With such Gardning Tools as Art yet rude, Guiltless of fire had formd. 1728R. Morris Ess. Anc. Archit. p. ix, Ghiberto..brought Architecture from that rude Gothick manner. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. l. V. 203 In the rude idolatry of the Arabs. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 983 This very rude and dangerous mode of exploding the inflammable gas, is still practised in a few mines. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 386 A rude and imperfect establishment of posts for the conveyance of letters had been set up by Charles the First. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) V. 29 He has traced the growth of states from their rude beginning in a philosophical spirit.
†14. Large in amount. Obs.—1
c1470Henry Wallace ix. 1506 Thai lugyt thar At rud costis, to spend thai wald nocht spar.
15. Comb., as rude-featured, rude-tongued; rude-like, rude-looking, rude-spoken adjs.; rude boy, one of a class of unemployed black youths inhabiting the poorer areas of Jamaica and typically seen as indolent and apt to commit petty crimes.
1632Lithgow Trav. v. 226 The Carauan presented his rude like maiesty with water, bread, [and] hearbes. 1795Fate of Sedley II. 61 He arose with an heart of gladness; and..pursued the rude fanged boar. 1797Southey Joan of Arc vii, On his head A black plume shadow'd the rude-featured helm. 1803J. Renny Society 22 Stern as he was, rude-thoughted and untamed. 1876Nature XIV. 176/1 It is a rude-looking machine. 1877Black Green Past. xxvii, The rude-spoken German ex-lieutenant. 1967Caribbean Q. Sept. 39 Rude bwoy is that person, native, who is totally disenchanted with the ruling system; who generally is descended from the ‘African’ elements in the lower class... Rude bwoys are largely centred in those urban areas that suffer from chronic depression. 1975Globe & Mail (Toronto) 11 June 3/1 The rude boys, rudies or just plain rudes are the street corner toughs, hustlers, petty thieves and dealers in ganja (marijuana). 1976D. Hebdige in Hall & Jefferson Resistance through Rituals 152 The exotica of Rastafarianism provided distractive screens behind which the rude boy culture could pursue its own devious devices unhindered and unseen. 1977Logan & Woffinden New Musical Express Bk. of Rock 414 The rude boys (outlaws) of Jamaica's shanty towns began to move into the studios, celebrating their own chosen lifestyle, which resulted in a spate of rudeboy records.
B. adv.
a. In a rude manner; rudely. rare.
c1475Partenay 3257 Then to the abbot, which that balled was, hath Gaffray spokyn rude and bustesly. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 483 The hair of Men grew rude, and in length like Womens. 1616Surfl. & Markh. Country Farme iii. ii. 336 In this case you shall by no meanes bestow them into the earth thus rude and carelesly. c1788Burns When Guilford good our Pilot stood ix, Caledon..swoor fu' rude..To mak it guid in law, man. 1795J. Woodforde Diary 8 Sept. (1929) IV. 226 Jane behaved quite rude this Evening. 1885G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 99 But ah, but O thou terrible, why wouldst thou rude on me Thy wring-world right foot rock?
b. Comb., as rude-carved, rude-fashioned, rude-growing, rude-made, rude-masoned, rude-ripened, rude-rounded, rude-spun adjs.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. ii. iii. 199 What subtile Hole is this, Whose mouth is couered with Rude growing Briers. 1610B. Jonson Alchemist ii. i. 16 The couetous hunger..for a rude-spun cloke. 1796Townshend Poems 23 Down the foaming rude-wash'd hills. 1797Southey Joan of Arc iv, A massy stone And rude-ensculptured effigy. 1812Byron Ch. Har. i. xxi, Mark many rude-carved crosses near the path. 1840Mrs. Norton The Dream 196 Lift some poor wounded wretch..Forth in some rude-made litter. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Skew,..a rude-fashioned boat. a1889G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 185 Who built these walls made known The music of his mind, Yet here he had but shewn His ruder-rounded rind. 1928Blunden Japanese Garland 20 Over the rude-ripened vale. 1930― Poems 128 There is a sluice through whose rude-masoned stones And fissured planks our timid river falls.
Add:[A.] [I.] [4.] c. spec. Considered offensive through reference to or representation of sexual or excretory organs or functions; indecent, dirty, smutty.
1961H. S. Turner Something Extraordinary ii. 27 Rude verses, under the counter pin-ups and obscene novelties. 1963‘J. le Carré’ Spy who came in from Cold (1964) iv. 30 Miss Crail looked up sharply from her card index, as if she had heard a rude word. 1979A. Carter Bloody Chamber 107 He made salads of the dandelion that he calls rude names, ‘bum-pipes’ or ‘piss-the-beds’. 1981H. Jolly Bk. Child Care (new ed.) xxxiii. 312 Knowing what naked people look like..should be something that happens naturally. A child is then far less likely to become obsessed with ‘rude’ pictures.
▪ II. rude, n. colloq.|ruːd|
[f. rude a. and adv.]
a. An impolite or unsophisticated person.
b. = rude boy s.v. rude a. 15.
1961J. Dawson Ha-Ha iv. 74 No Brains' Trust will work so long as you've always got to have a gaggle of rudes and silly old sages to balance the bright young men. 1975[see rude boy s.v. rude a. 15].
▪ III. rude
obs. form of rood, rud n.1 |