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† beˈleave, -eve, v. Obs.
Forms: 1 belǽfan, 2 bilæfen, -læuen, -leauen, 2–4 bi-, beleue(n, (4 bi-, bylaue), 4–5 beleve, bleve, blewy(n, (5 byleve), 6 beleaue. pa. tense 1–2 be-, bilǽfde, -leafde, 2–3 -lefde, 3 -leaued(e, -lefte, 3–4 -leued(e, -left(e, -lafte, blefede, 4 blefte, 4–7 beleft(e. pa. pple. 1 belǽfed, 2–4 bi-, beleued, 3 (-lefued), -leved, -left, 4 bleft, 4–5 byleft, -lefft, -laft.
[OE. belǽfan:—OTeut. and Goth. bilaibjan, f. bi-, be- + laibjan, in OE. lǽfan to leave, a casual deriv. of OTeut. *lîban to remain, which appeared in Eng. in belive. Thus originally and properly transitive; but very early substituted for the intrans. belīve. In 14th c. often syncopated to bleve(n, esp. in Kentish; cf. mod.G. bleiben, Du. blijven.]
I. transitive.
1. To let or cause to remain behind, to go away without taking with one, to abandon.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 79 Ho hine bilefde liggen half quic. c1200Ormin 8913 He wass þa behinndenn hemm Bilefedd att te temmple. c1205Lay. 18648 Þe eorl..bilefde his wif in Tintaieol. 1297R. Glouc. 421 Hys fader..ladde hym..into Normandye, & byleuede hym þere. c1330Assump. Virg. 759 Thei leide þe bodi in a stone, And bileft alle in þat stede. a1400Morte Arth. 2380 The cors of Kayone..at Came es belevefede. 1513Douglas æneis x. xi. 166 Men..Quham..to myschewus deyd beleft haue I. 1627May Lucan viii. (T.) Wondering at fortune's turns, and scarce is he Beleft, relating his own misery.
b. To leave (something) behind to; to leave at death; to leave in the possession or power of.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 183 Hie bileueð uncuðe men þe aihte. 1387Trevisa Higden Rolls Ser. VI. 367 Þe kyngdom [they] byleft to Colwulfus. c1410Love Bonavent. Mirr. vi. (Gibbs MS.) Lord to þe is bylafte [1530 belefte] þe pore peple. 1557K. Arthur (Copland) vii. i, The two men..belefte him to Syr Kay.
2. To allow to remain over; to leave out of count or process: to pass over, let go, omit.
c1205Lay. 29363 ælcne bilefued mon he lette bilimien. 1297R. Glouc. 173 He ne beleuede noȝt on. c1450Merlin xvii. 276 And v C men that were hym be-lefte of the bataile.
3. To go away from (a person or place); to depart from, forsake, quit, abandon.
c1205Lay. 8569 Lundene we mote bilæuen. a1225Ancr. R. 110 And fluen alle vrom him & bilefden him ase vreomede. c1400Destr. Troy xxxv. 13456 A buyldyng..was of long tyme beleft, & no lede there.
b. fig. To turn from, forsake.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 81 He scal his sunne uor-saken and bileuen. a1225Ancr. R. 394 Heo wule..bileauen þene deouel. a1300Cursor M. 9053, I haf bi-left mi lauerd lau. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 35 Trowth and luf es al bylaft.
c. To leave off, cease give up, abandon (action).
c1175Lamb. Hom. 93 Bileafden heo heore timbrunge. c1380Sir Ferumb. 3344 Het hem þe assaut be-leue. c1400Solomon's Bk. Wisd. 82 Ne bileue þou nouȝth to trauaile.
4. To let go (from one's hold).
a1225Ancr. R. 232 Hwon two bereð one burðene, & te oðer bileaueð hit.
II. intr. [taking place of belive: = Ger. bleiben.]
5. To remain over, survive, be left in existence.
a1000Psalms (Spelm.) cv[i]. 10 An of him ne belæfde [Vulg. non remansit]. 1297R. Glouc. 372 Þer ne byleuede noȝt..þat nas to grounde ybroȝt. c1350MS. in Archæol. XXX. 352 Of y⊇ ewyll xal no thynge blewyn. c1435Torr. Portugal 359 Had byn the gyant belevand, They had not partyd soo.
b. To remain behind in a place.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3114 La! god it wot, sal ðe[r]-of bi-leuen non fot. 1340Ayenb. 190 Yrobbed..zuo þet him naȝt ne blefte. c1380Sir Ferumb. 1595 Þe hedes on þe tre by-lafte. a1400Octouian 1540 The Soudan..Bleft yn Fraunce, Cytes to brenne. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. lxi. 45, I beleft allone in my chambre.
c. To remain in a condition or state, to continue.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 87 Þe children weren clensed of sinnen and þus bilefden. c1250Gen. & Ex. 671 Babel, ðat tur, bilef unmad. a1300Cursor M. 7662 Þer mani man fell vnder scheild, Bot with dauid be-left þe feild. 1340Ayenb. 12 Þe mayde Marie blefte eure mayde. c1430Syr Gener. 5737 Here speres beleft hole booth.
6. To remain for the time being (in a place); to stay, abide, continue, dwell with (a person).
c1175Lamb. Hom. 149 Ȝe moten..him, foleȝe and mid him bileue. c1205Lay. 19777 Ne dursten heo þer bilæfen. c1250Gen. & Ex. 800 Abram..and sarray bileften bi-twen betel and ay. 1340Ayenb. 245 Mid Him uor to bleve. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 48 Gyf he schal byleve with me.
7. to be beleft was often used in the sense of ‘To remain, to be’; also ‘to be become of.’
c1340Cursor M. 7736 (Trin.) His coupe his spere where mai hit be..Where be þei now bileued. Ibid. 18558 He wrouȝte bi wicche-craft And wiþ þe deuel was bilaft. c1440Bone Flor. 733 He ys beleft wyth Syr Garcy Ageyn you. |