| 释义 |
benzene Chem.|ˈbɛnziːn|
[f. benz-oic (acid) + -ene, q.v. The name originally given by Mitscherlich in 1833 was benzin or benzine, for which Liebig in 1834 substituted benzol. See benzine.]
1. An aromatic hydrocarbon, C6H6, the first or simplest member of the benzene series, CnH2n—6; a thin, colourless, strongly refracting fluid, volatile and highly inflammable, formed by distilling benzoic acid with lime, and found in 1849 in the more volatile parts of coal-tar; it dissolves fats, resins, gutta-percha, etc. whence it is used for removing grease-spots and cleaning gloves, as well as for illuminating purposes. (See benzoline.)
1872Watts Dict. Chem. I. 541 Benzene or Benzol (Hydride of phenyl)..The most abundant source of benzene is coal tar. 1878Kingzett Anim. Chem. 29 Benzene..is capable of yielding hundreds of different substances.
2. Entering into the name of substitution-products, as chloro-benzene, nitro-benzene C6H5NO2.
3. attrib. and Comb., as benzene hexachloride, a compound, the gamma isomer of which is used as an insecticide, = gammexane; abbrev. B.H.C.; benzene ring (Chem.), a name for the ring-like arrangement of the six carbon atoms in the formula of the benzene molecule, by which the phenomena of its combinations are explained.
1877Watts Fownes' Chem. II. 419 In the homologues of benzene, the six carbon-atoms belonging to the benzene itself are said to form the benzene-ring, benzene-nucleus, or principal chain, while the groups, CH3 etc., joined on to these carbon-atoms, are called lateral chains. 1884Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLVI. 887 Determination of the vapour-density of the new isomeride of benzene hexachloride..shows that its formula is C6H6Cl6. 1945Times 9 Mar. 2/5 Gammexane..is the gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride. 1952Oxf. Jun. Encycl. VI. 248 BHC (benzene hexa-chloride) can penetrate the insect's skin. |