| 释义 |
sachem|ˈseɪtʃəm, ˈsætʃəm|
Also 7 sachama, sachema, sachim, 9 saquem.
[a. Narragansett sachem = Delaware sakima, Micmac sakumow, Penobscot sagamo (whence sagamore).]
1. The supreme head or chief of some American Indian tribes.
The alleged distinction between sachem and sagamore (quot. a 1817) appears to be erroneous.
1622Relat. Plantation Plymouth, New Eng. 49 They brought vs to their Sachim or Gouernour. 1677W. Hubbard Narrative 5 Miantonimoh the chief Sachem or Lord of the Narhagansets. 1683Penn Wks. (1782) IV. 310 Their government is by kings, which they call sachama. 1685R. Burton Eng. Emp. America 117 Sachema. 1710Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) VI. 571 Four Indian sachems, or kings of the 5 Indian nations, lately arrived here. a1817T. Dwight Trav. New Eng., etc. (1821) I. 119 Their principal chiefs were called Sachems; their subordinate ones, Sagamores. 1858Longfellow M. Standish i. 52 Let them come, if they like, be it sagamore, sachem, or pow-wow. 1865Lever Luttrell of Arran xiii, He was a great Saquem, delivering the laws of his tribe.
2. jocularly applied to a prominent member of a society, etc.; a ‘chief’.
1684in Documents Colonial Hist. New-York (1853) I. 402 Wee have put ourselves under the Great Sachim Charles that lives over the Great Lake. 1773J. Adams Wks. (1854) IX. 335 It is whispered that the Sachem has it in contemplation to go home soon. [Note. Adams refers to some one prominent in Mass. politics.] 1836O. W. Holmes Song for Centennial Celebr. Harvard Coll. in Poems (1849) 194 And, when at length the College rose, The sachem cocked his eye At every tutor's meagre ribs Whose coat tails whistled by. 1861Charleston (S. Carolina) Mercury 29 Mar. 1/2 The Sachems of the Black Republican party did not appreciate the peculiarity of the times when they enacted the Morrill Tariff. 1942E. Paul Narrow St. xx. 164 [André] Breton, the pontifical sachem, turned to Trotsky and became an enemy. 1972Science 16 June 1222/2 Chairman of the study group was Detlev W. Bronk, former president of Rockefeller University, president of the academy from 1950 to 1962, and himself a grand sachem of the advisory system. 1973Caribbean Contact Feb. 2/2 It's the customs and immigration sachems, though, who must get top billing as the real purveyors of theatre in this world within a world. 1977Time 18 July 26/3 Most party sachems are lining up behind either Incumbent Abraham Beame or Governor Hugh Carey's choice.
3. U.S. Politics. One of a body of twelve high officials in the Tammany Society of New York. grand sachem, the head of this body.
1890Nation 20 Mar. 236/1 The tribulations of Tammany's former Grand Sachem, the Sheriff. 1890Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 23 Apr. 2/3 Among the Sachems unanimously re-elected by Tammany Hall are [etc.].
Hence ˈsachemdom, ˈsachemship, the position or ‘realm’ of a sachem; ˈsachemic a., of or pertaining to a sachem.
1765T. Hutchinson Hist. Mass. I. v. 459 Two cantons or sachemdoms of the cape Indians. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 26 Oct., A little traffic he drove in peltry during his sachemship among the Miamis. a1817T. Dwight Trav. New Eng., etc. (1821) II. 18 Alexander, the eldest son of Massasoit, died..and left the Sachemdom to Philip. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. II. xxxvi. 395 The forests beyond the Sace, New Hampshire, and the country as far as Salem, constituted the sachemship of Penacook. 1885Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) VI. 163 The sachemic office was hereditary. |