| 释义 |
Bible|ˈbaɪb(ə)l|
Forms: 3–4 bibul, 4 bibel, 4–6 bibil(l, 5 bybulle, bybylle, 5–6 byble, 6 bybill, bybul, 4– bible.
[a. F. bible, 13th c. (= Pr. bibla, Sp. and Pg. biblia, It. bibbia; whence also Ger. bibel, Du. bijbel, all fem.):—late L. biblia fem. sing., for earlier biblia neut. pl., the Scriptures, a. Gr. τὰ βιβλία, lit. ‘the books,’ in later Christian writers spec. ‘the canonical books, the Scriptures.’
The Gr. βιβλία was pl. of βιβλίον, dim. of βίβλος (1. the inner bark of the papyrus, ‘paper’; 2. a paper, scroll, roll, or book), which had ceased to have a diminutive sense, and was the ordinary word for ‘book,’ whether as a distinct treatise, or as a subdivision of a treatise, before its application to the Jewish and Christian Scriptures. In reference to the former, see τὰ βιβλία τὰ ἅγια ‘the holy books,’ in 1 Macc. xii. 9: in Clemens Alex. probably, and Origen (in Joannem v. iv., ed. Lomm. I. 168) c 223, certainly, τὰ βιβλία include the N. Test. books. In Latin, the first appearance of biblia is not ascertained. Jerome uses bibliothēca for the Scriptures, and this name continued in literary use for several centuries. Of biblia, Becker, Catal. Biblioth. Antiq. 42, has a 9th c. example (see also those under sense 1 below); but the evidence of the Romanic langs. shows that biblia must have been the popular name, and have been treated as a fem. sing., much earlier than this. The common change of a Lat. neuter pl. into a fem. sing. in -a (as in arma, battalia, folia, gaudia, gesta, opera, etc.) was in the case of biblia facilitated by the habit of regarding the Scriptures as one work. In OE. biblioþéce alone occurs; in Anglo-Latin biblia and bibliothēca interchange in the 11th c. catalogue of the library of Lindisfarne; in the 13th c. catalogue of the Durham books only biblia occurs.]
I.
1. a. The Scriptures of the Old and New Testament. (Sometimes in early use, and still dial., used for the Old Testament; e.g. ‘neither in the Bible nor the Testament.’) the open Bible: the Bible accessible to all in the vernacular.
[1095Catal. Lindisfarne (Becker Catal. Biblioth. Antiq. 172) Unum bibliam in duobus voluminibus..Bibliotheca, id est vetus et novum testamentum in duobus libris. 1266Catal. Eccles. Dunelm (ibid. 256) Unam bibliam in IV magnis voluminibus..aliam bibliam in duobus voluminibus.] a1300Cursor M. 1900 As þe bibul [v.r. bibil, bibel, bible] sais. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 290 Þe bible may not lie. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems 179 Like as the bibylle rehersith. 1528More Heresyes i. Wks. 154/1 He lerned the articles of his beleue in the byble. 1530Rastell Bk. Purgat. i. i, Neyther of the bokys of the olde byble nor of the newe testament. 1587Golding De Mornay xxiv. 357 Certaine bookes which we call the Bible or Olde Testament. 1798Southey Eng. Eclog. v, Is that the charity your Bible teaches? 1837Ch. Eng. Mag. 9 Dec., Bear witness, martyrs of the olden days, How your true hearts the open Bible priz'd. 1850Prescott Mexico I. 363 [They] carried with them the sword in one hand and the Bible in the other. 1908Tilby Eng. People Overseas I. 48 The persecution of Mary and the open Bible worked a change.
b. A copy of the Scriptures.
1468Sir J. Paston Lett. 592 II. 329 As for the Byble that the master hath, I wend the uttermost pryse had not passyd v. mark. 1539Coverdale Let. Cromwell in Bible (Bagster) Pref. 18 License and privilege for the sale of his Bibles and New Testaments. 1704Nelson Fest. & Fasts xviii. (1739) 227 To force from Christians their Bibles. 1852H. Cotton Edit. Bible Pref. 8 Mutilated church Bibles.
c. A particular edition, or a copy of it.
1538Coverdale Let. Cromwell in Bible (Bagster) Pref. 16, I may know your pleasure concerning the annotations of this Bible. 1644Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 120 They are described in some of St. Hierom's bibles. 1835Penny Cycl. IV. 374/2 This [Geneva] edition is often called the ‘Breeches Bible’ on account of a rendering given in Gen. iii. 7. 1842Macaulay Fred. Gt., Ess. (1854) 659/2 To Frederic William, this huge Irishman was what a brass Otho, or a Vinegar Bible, is to a collector of a different kind.
2. Hence fig. A text-book, an authority (of religion, politics, etc.); a sacred book.
1804Southey in Robberds Mem. W. Taylor I. 517 The Annual..bids fair to become my political bible. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits Wks. 1874 II, The poets who have contributed to the Bible of existing England sentences of guidance. 1883M. Williams Relig. Thought Ind. ii. 21 This phase of the Brahmanical system has for its special bible the sacred treatises called Brāhmanas.
†3. transf. A large book, a tome, a long treatise.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 87 Of þis matere I myȝte make a longe bible. 1384Chaucer H. Fame 1334 Men myght make of hem a bible xxti. foote thykke. 1542Udall Erasm. Apophth. 205 a, When he had read a long bible writen and sent to hym from Antipater. 1629Z. Boyd Last Battell 656 (Jam.), I would gladlie know what a blacke bible is that which is called, the Book of the wicked.
4. Naut. slang. (See quots.) Cf. prayer-book 2.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 98 Bible,..a squared piece of freestone to grind the deck with sand in cleaning it; a small holystone, so called from seamen using them kneeling. 1906Voy. of ‘Scotia’ iii. 25 Holy-stones for polishing decks..are commonly known to sailors as ‘Bibles’.
II. A collection of books; a library. [One of the senses of Gr. βιβλία: not cited by Du Cange in med.L.; but cf. the converse use of bibliothēca in sense of biblia.]
1382Wyclif 2 Macc. ii. 13 He makynge a litil bible [Vulgate bibliothecam] gadride of cuntrees bokis. c1425in Wr.-Wülcker Voc. 648 Bibleoteca, bybulle. 1483Cath. Angl. 31 A Bybylle, biblia, bibliotheca.
III. Comb., chiefly attrib., as Bible-black, Bible-composition, Bible-distributor, Bible-lore, Bible-matter, Bible-reader, Bible-reading, Bible-seller, Bible-story, Bible-student, Bible-tone, Bible-version; and Bible-bearing, Bible-reading, adjs. Also Bible-banger, -basher Austral. and N.Z. slang, = Bible-pounder; hence Bible-banging, Bible-bashing ppl. adjs.; Bible belt, a designation of those parts of the United States reputed to be fanatically puritan or fundamentalist; also attrib.; Bible-bigot, -moth, a person who is obstinately devoted to the Bible; esp. applied to the Methodists, sometimes contemptuously (cf. quot. 1820); Bible-box, a box with a flat lid, esp. one of the 17th century, large enough to hold a family Bible; Bible class, a class for the study of the Bible; Bible-leaf, (a) a thin slice of whale-blubber for heating in a try-pot; (b) U.S. (see quot. 1931); Bible-moth: see Bible-bigot; Bible-oath, a solemn oath taken upon the Bible; Bible paper, a very thin but strong opaque printing-paper; cf. India paper 2; Bible-pounder, -puncher slang, one who expounds or follows the Bible in a vigorous or aggressive manner, esp. a clergyman; hence Bible-pounding, -punching ppl. adjs. and vbl. ns.; Bible-press, bibble-, Naut. a hand rolling-board for cartridges, rocket-cases, etc.; Bible-reader, a reader of the Bible; also, one employed to read the Bible from house to house; Bible-thumper slang, = Bible-pounder; Bible-woman, one employed to read the Bible from house to house.
1942M. Harcourt Parson in Prison iii. 35 We don't want any damned *Bible bangers around here! 1945Baker Austral. Lang. vi. 131 Here are some self-explanatory Australianisms: bible banger, bible basher, [etc.]. 1948D. Ballantyne Cunninghams (1963) i. xxiv. 106 Gil reckoned Kent was better than most of the Bible-bangers who visited the hospital.
1964O. E. Middleton Walk on Beach 40 That *Bible-banging, psalm-singing old crawler.
1958R. Stow To Islands iv. 74 They were *Bible-bashers and humourless clods.
1944L. Glassop We were Rats xxi. 124, I doan want any *bible-bashing bastard..mumblin' any bull—over me.
1624Bp. R. Montagu App. Caesarem in Forster Sir J. Eliot I. 256 Saint-seeming, *bible-bearing, and hypocritical.
1926Amer. Mercury Feb. 141/2 The Baptist Record, of Jackson, Miss., [is] in the heart of the *Bible and Lynching Belt. 1926S. Lewis in G. Frankau My Unsent. Journey xi. 148 I'm collecting parsons, Gilbert... That's why I've been living in Kansas City. It's the centre of the Bible belt. 196020th Cent. Dec. 558 Nashville is..the Bible Belt capital.
1766J. Wesley Jrnl. (1938) 5 June, I am a *Bible-bigot. I follow it in all things, both great and small. 1789― Sermon no. xlviii, in Arminian Mag. Jan. 7 They were continually reproached for this very thing: some terming them in derision, Bible-bigots; others Bible-moths: feeding, they said, upon the Bible, as moths do upon cloth. 1820Southey Wesley I. 47 They were called, in derision, the Sacramentarians, Bible-bigots, Bible-moths.
1953Dylan Thomas Under Milk Wood (1954) 1 It is spring, moonless night in the small town, starless and *bible-black.
1904P. Macquoid Hist. Eng. Furniture I. vii. 190 Boxes..with a flat lid..were termed *Bible or lace boxes, and used for these purposes. 1966A. W. Lewis Gloss. Woodworking Terms 48 Jacobean period (1603–1649)... Gate-legged tables and Bible boxes first appeared.
1824Amer. Baptist Mag. IV. 371, I intimated my intention to establish..*Bible classes. 1888C. M. Yonge Our New Mistress xvii. 161 She was so fond of her church and her Bible class.
1851Melville Moby Dick III. ix. 69 Arrayed in decent black; occupying a conspicuous pulpit; intent on ‘*Bible leaves’..what a lad for a Pope were this mincer! 1931W. N. Clute Plants 60 More appealing names are..bible-leaf (Chrysanthemum balsamita) for that fragrant-leaved plant whose leaves were often carried to church.
1698Congreve Way World v. ii. (D.) So long as it was not a *Bible-oath, we may break it with a safe conscience.
1859Thackeray Virgin. (1876) 539 He would take his Bible oath of that.
1926Paper Terminol. (Spalding & Hodge) 2 *Bible paper, see India paper.
1889Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang I. 111/1 *Bible-pounder (popular), a parson. 1890Farmer Slang I. 186/2 Bible-pounder, a clergyman..from the practice indulged in by some excitable exponents, of pounding or beating their hands upon the book or desk while preaching.
1951C. Simak Time & Again (1956) xxxvi. 173 The old-time *Bible-pounding preachers.
1917Tiki Talk (N.Z.) 10 Synonyms: clergyman, parson..preacher, *bible-puncher. 1938X. Herbert Capricornia (1939) xxxii. 486 You horse-faced bible-puncher.
1933P. Fleming Braz. Adv. ii. iii. 205 It seemed..that *bible-punching was a bit of a racket. 1961John o'London's 13 Apr. 415/2 An earnest evangelist..denouncing the devil with bible-punching relish.
1538Bale Thre Lawes 1204 Then I holde it best that we alwayes condempne The *Byble readers. 1874M. Arnold in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 806 These two things achieved by us..for the Bible-reader's benefit.
1849Stovel Introd. Canne's Necess. 53 The demands of its *Bible-reading members.
1827Cunningham N.S. Wales II. xxx. 252 None remained but the old fence, who continued Bible-reading to the end of the voyage. 1863M. L. Whately Ragged Life Egypt xi. 99 This Bible-reading continued for several months.
1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4342/4 Robert Whitledge, *Bible-seller, at the Bible in Creed-lane.
1888C. M. Yonge Our New Mistress xvi. 152 The tinies..answered about their *Bible stories as prettily as could be wished. 1967‘M. Underwood’ Man who died on Friday xv. 139 He could remember a picture, in a children's book of Bible stories, of..‘Elijah being taken up to heaven’.
1853Lynch Self-Improv. (1859) 43 No *Bible-student can mistake Christianity.
1923J. Manchon Le Slang 61 Bible-pounder (or *-thumper), un prêtre. 1942A. L. Rowse Cornish Childhood 31 It's always the Bible-thumpers who are the greatest hypocrites.
1859Mrs. Gaskell Let. 7 Nov. (1966) 587 Just before I left Manchester I heard of search being made for a ‘*Bible-woman’ to work there; doubtless suggested by the success in London. 1862Mayhew London Labour Extra vol. p. xix, This void has been admirably supplied by the ‘Bible women’ of the nineteenth century. 1908Daily Chron. 27 Mar. 27/2 {pstlg}200 to Mrs. Wilson, her Biblewoman in London. |