| 释义 |
sailor|ˈseɪlə(r)|
Also 7 saylor.
[An altered spelling of sailer, prob. assimilated to tailor, in order to distinguish the designation of a regular calling from the unspecialized agent-noun. The differentiation, however, does not appear in our early examples, and was not fully established before the 19th c.]
1. a. One who is professionally occupied with navigation; a seaman, mariner. Also, in narrower sense, applied (like ‘seaman’) to a member of a ship's company below the rank of officer.
[15..,1605: see sailer 1 b.] a1642Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts i. (1704) 214, 500 Men at Sea, where⁓of 340 Mariners, 40 Gunners, 120 Sailors. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 296 Nor must the Ploughman less observe the Skies..Than Saylors homeward bent. 1706E. Ward Wooden World Diss. (1708) 94 Let us e'en turn about, and view honest Jack the Sailor. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine ii. (1780) Y y 3 b, It is..the office of the commissaire general to keep a list of the..sailors, able and ordinary. 1784Cowper Task i. 541 She would sit and weep At what a sailor suffers. 1801Med. Jrnl. V. 354 Nor has a single soldier or sailor been prevented from doing his ordinary duty. 1852Tennyson Ode Wellington 86 Thine island loves thee well, thou famous man, The greatest sailor since the world began. 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. vii. 344 The credulity of sailors is notorious.
transf.1847Emerson The Humble Bee 15 Sailor of the atmosphere.
b. to be a good sailor [= F. être bon marin]: to be exempt from sea-sickness.
1833Disraeli Cont. Fleming iii. xvi, We were excellent sailors, and bore the voyage without inconvenience. 1870M. Bridgman Rob. Lynne II. vi. 142 He wished people who were bad sailors would not travel. a1895Ld. C. E. Paget Autobiog. iii. (1896) 70 He pleaded that he was a wretched sailor.
†2. Said of a ship; = sailer 2. Obs.
a1642Sir W. Monson Naval Tracts v. (1704) 492/2, 10 or 12 Ships, choice Sailors. 1710Lond. Gaz. No. 4643/4 The Ship Triton,..being the best of Sailors,..is to be sold. 1775Romans Florida App. 62 She was a heavy schooner of about 70 tons, and a dull sailor.
3. As a name for various animals and plants.
†a. Used as a vernacular rendering of nautilus.
[1668,1713: see sailer 2 c.] 1776[see pearly a. 2 b]. 1815S. Brookes Introd. Conchol. 156 Paper Nautilus, Paper Sailor, Argonauta Argo. Ibid., Great Sailor, Nautilus Pompilius.
b. dial. A kind of beetle, Cantharis fusca; ‘a child's name for any Telephorus of a bluish colour’ (Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1887).
1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Sailor,..Cantharis fusca. 1863Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. III. 472 The Telephoridæ..represented in England by the well known beetles, popularly called from their red or bluish colours, Soldiers and Sailors.
c. = sailor-fish (see 5 b).
1860G. Bennett Gatherings Naturalist Austral. 24 The Histiophori, or ‘Sailors’, differ, however, from the Tetrapturi by the greater comparative height of the dorsal fin.
d. West Indian. (See quot.)
1883A. J. Adderley Fisheries Bahamas 7 (Fish. Exhib. Publ.) At certain times of the year myriads of small fish, known as ‘sailors’, arrive at the field and stir up the muddy bottom to such an extent that not a single sponge can be seen.
e. blue sailors: the flowers of the wild chicory.
1902Outing (U.S.) June 272/2 The wild chicory, or blue sailors (Cichorium intybus).
4. Short for sailor collar, hat.
1890Demorest's Family Mag. June 504/2 Boat-shaped, wide-brimmed sailors in white..are worn by either boys or girls for play-hats. 1891Delineator Sept. 230/1 Ladies' felt sailor hat—A stylish and dressy sailor is pictured here in a dark brown felt. 1898Westm. Gaz. 5 May 3/2, I have tried in many shops to get a quite round sailor. 1903Ibid. 2 July 4/2 Big hats very round in shape need not be avoided, nor Breton sailors. 1922H. Titus Timber xxix. 252 She pulled the straw sailor tighter over her golden hair. 1943D. Powell Time to be Born x. 227 Her smart little toasted straw sailor with floating pink veil. 1968J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 52 Sailor, A collar cut deep and square at the back, narrowing to a ‘V’ in the front. It is often trimmed with braid—as worn by sailors. 1979D. Eden Storrington Papers vi. 68 Miss Featherstone had whipped off her modest sailor and arranged the light-as-air confection on her head.
5. attrib. and Comb.:
a. simple attrib., as in sailor fashion, sailor mind, sailor phrase, sailor soul; sailor-blue, sailor-like adjs.; appositive (quasi-adj.), ‘that is a sailor’, as in sailor-boy, sailor fisherman, sailor-king, sailor-lad, sailor-poet; ‘consisting of sailors’, as in sailor-train; similative, as sailor-looking adj.
1930J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel i. 91 She was waiting for him..looking like a Gibson girl with her neat *sailor-blue dress. 1978J. Krantz Scruples iii. 65 Perhaps his height came from his father, but the bright blond hair and sailor-blue eyes were pure Swedish Viking.
1835J. E. Alexander Sk. Portugal x. 245, I..engaged a Portuguese *sailor-boy..to accompany me to Africa. 1855Kingsley Heroes, Perseus i. 4 Halcyone..loved a sailor-boy [Ceyx] and married him. 1903C. E. Osborne Fr. Dolling vii, The sailor boys from the St. Vincent.
1848J. F. Cooper Capt. Spike III. 160 Captain Mull was slow to yield his confidence, but when he did bestow it, he bestowed it *sailor-fashion, or with all his heart.
1883Goode Fish. Indust. U.S. 26 (Fish. Exhib. Publ.) The 20,000 or more men who may properly be designated the ‘*sailor fishermen’ of the United States.
1911Fletcher & Kipling School Hist. Eng. 91 He [sc. Edward III] was merchant-king, *sailor-king, soldier-king. 1965Finer & Savage Sel. Lett. J. Wedgwood i. 38 [The Royal patronage] was again extended in 1830 by William IV, the ‘Sailor King’. 1975B. Meyrick Behind Light xii. 149 King George, the Sailor King, because he had served at sea.
1842Tennyson ‘Break, break’ ii, O well for the *sailor lad, That he sings in his boat on the bay!
1808Lamb Ulysses in Mrs. Leicester's School (1885) 121 With such *sailor-like sayings and mutinous arguments..they [etc.].
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 168 Paul, with a couple of *sailor-looking men, was down at the jetty.
1894Gunter King's Stockbroker i. 7 Wondering in his *sailor mind what the deuce the whole affair means.
1812Sir R. Wilson Priv. Diary 1 June (1862) I. 69 We are now entering the Archipelago, or, according to the *sailor phrase, the Arches. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xvi. 169 Every bag was, in sailor-phrase, roped and becketed.
1877Tennyson Sir J. Franklin 2 Thou Heroic *sailor-soul, Art passing on thine happier voyage now.
1725Pope Odyss. ii. 441 Now descends the *sailor train.
b. Special combinations: sailor collar (see quot. 1968); sailor-fish = sail-fish; sailor hat, a hat such as is worn by sailors; hence applied to a form of hat (with flat brim of even breadth all round) worn by women, and to a different form (with turned-up brim) worn by children; hence sailor-hatted a.; sailor knot = sailor's knot; hence sailor-knotted a.; sailor-man, (a) in uneducated and jocular use = sense 1; also occas. an adult sailor; (b) a sailing-barge(man); sailor pants U.S., flared trousers such as those worn by sailors; sailor-plant U.S., the strawberry-geranium, Saxifraga sarmentosa (Cent. Dict. 1891); sailor-shape, the shape worn by sailors, the shape of a sailor hat (also attrib. as adj.); so sailor-shaped a.; sailor suit, a suit similar to that of an ordinary seaman, worn mainly by small boys; hence sailor-suited a.; sailor top, a jerkin similar to that worn by sailors; also applied to a ladies' blouse of this design; sailor trousers U.S. = sailor pants.
1895Montgomery Ward Catal. 79/2 Guipure Open work *sailor collars. 1932‘E. M. Delafield’ Thank Heaven Fasting ii. v. 223 A grey satin blouse, with a black bow in the front of the square sailor collar. 1974She Jan. 52/2 Braided jacket with square-back sailor collar, {pstlg}8·50. 1980Times 22 Oct. 10/7 Sailor collar, shift shape and hip belt.
1885C. F. Holder Marvels Anim. Life 70 The great sail—or *sailor—fish (Histiophorus) of the Mediterranean and Indian Ocean.
1873Young Englishwoman Mar. 131/2 Brown velvet *sailor hat of two shades. 1912A. Bennett Matador of Five Towns 46 A quite little girl..with a short frock and long legs, and a sailor hat (H.M.S. Formidable). 1976Vogue Jan. 48 White tunic..with white duck American sailor hat.
1909E. Nesbit Daphne in Fitzroy St. x. 152 ‘It's only me, miss,’ said the *sailor-hatted charwoman.
1872‘Mark Twain’ Roughing It lxii. 447 Black silk neck-cloth tied with a *sailor knot. 1939T. S. Eliot Old Possum's Bk. Pract. Cats 14 The curtain-cord she likes to wind, and tie it into sailor-knots.
1923W. J. Locke Moordius & Co. viii. 109 With deft fingers she gave his *sailor-knotted tie a twist and a pull.
1761G. Colman Jealous Wife iii. 45 The Irish *Sailor-Man, for whom I prevailed on your Lordship to get the Post of a Regulating Captain. 1790R. Tyler Contrast ii. ii. (1887) 39 A parcel of sailor men and boys got round me. 1886Kipling Departm. Ditties, etc. (1899) 61 'Twas Fultah Fisher's boarding-house, Where sailor-men reside. 1948Sea Breezes VI. 337/2 From Colchester sails Francis & Gilder's large fleet of ‘sailor⁓men’. 1951H. Benham Down Tops'l 187 Sailorman, the London River term for either a sailing-barge or a sailing-bargeman. 1961G. Foulser Seaman's Voice i. 20 The winter of 1936–7 was a rough one, with a lot of windbound intervals for the ‘sailormen’.
1931H. Crane Let. 13 June (1965) 373 My usual household white *sailor pants and shirt. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 2 Oct. 18/1 Today Stramler is in white sailor pants and a T-shirt.
1897Daily News 24 Sept. 6/6 Some of the new felt hats are quite *sailor-shape. 1904Daily Chron. 23 Aug. 8/2 The new French sailor shape of chapeau.
1902M.A.P. 29 Mar. 327/1 There were many of the large, round, and *sailor⁓shaped collars now so much worn.
1880Harper's Mag. Aug. 337/2 Excursionists in *sailor suits were playing croquet. 1885C. M. Yonge Nuttie's Father ii. xii. 145 We can't persuade ourselves to cut his hair, and it looks so lovely on his sailor suit. 1946G. Millar Horned Pigeon iv. 53 He wore a sailor suit that was much too small for him—clothing that had been provided when a Messerschmitt had shot his Blenheim down into the sea. 1976Times 27 Feb. 10/5 Susanna Agnelli was born in 1922... She and her brothers and sisters were dressed in sailor suits, blue in winter, white in summer.
1960Times 3 Aug. 5/2 A juvenile delinquent cousin who appears *sailor-suited in the first act. 1977Times 7 May 9/1 The sailor-suited members of the Vienna Boys' Choir.
1913C. Mackenzie Sinister St. I. i. v. 80 He..wished that he were not compelled to wear a *sailor-top that was slightly shabby. 1916Joyce Portrait of Artist (1969) i. 12 He had a blue sailor top on. 1962G. Avery Greatest Gresham i. 20 She had..a navy blue sailor top to her blue serge suit. 1971Vogue Dec. 70 Gabardine trousers. Sailor top with big bow.
1851Mayne Reid Scalp Hunters xx. 69 Calzoneros of green velveteen. These are cut after the fashion of *sailor-trousers,—short-waist—tight round the hips, and wide at the bottoms.
c. Possessive combinations: sailor's Bible U.S. slang, Bowditch's Navigator (Cent. Dict. 1891); sailor's blessing Naut. slang, a curse; also sailors' blessing, such rigging or tackle as eases the sailors' work; sailor's choice U.S., a name given locally to various American fishes; sailor's farewell Naut. slang, a parting curse; † sailor's hat Obs. = sailor hat; sailors' home (see quot. 1867); sailor's knot, any of the kinds of knot (knot n.1 1) used by sailors; also, a kind of knot used in tying a neck-tie; sailor's pleasure Naut. slang (see quots.); sailor's pocket, purse U.S., the egg case of a skate or oviparous shark (‘in recent U.S. Dicts.’, N.E.D.); † sailor's suit Obs. = sailor suit above; sailor's waiter Naut. slang (see quot.).
1876F. W. H. Symondson Two Years abaft Mast ii. 56 Poor ‘doctor’ not unfrequently comes in for a ‘*sailor's blessing’ (a growl). 1944J. Masefield New Chum 166 Being almost new had all the latest sailors' blessings; nothing above her royals, double topgallant yards, a spike jib boom and no spanker gaff.
c1860Holbrook in Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. (1884) 399 The ‘*Sailor's Choice’ makes its appearance in our waters about the month of April and continues with us until November. 1879Goode, etc. Catal. Anim. Resources U.S. 46 Lagodon rhomboides... Sailor's Choice. 1882Jordan & Gilbert Synopsis Fishes N. Amer. 551 Pomadasys fulvomaculatus... Sailor's Choice; Hog-fish. 1888Goode Amer. Fishes 80 Diabasis chromis the ‘Sailor's Choice’.
1937Partridge Dict. Slang 722/1 *Sailor's farewell, a parting curse. 1974Listener 10 Jan. 50/3 The sole baker there..found himself ruined, and in some anger he gave the village a sailor's farewell and announced that he was off.
1862Englishwoman's Domestic Mag. V. 142/1 Two styles of hat..seem to be equally in favour this season—one, the *sailor's hat with straight brim; the other, the turned-down or bell-shaped hat. 1885Outing 7 Nov. 138/2 Their round straw hats, with flat-topped crowns, and shape usually termed by Americans ‘sailor's hat’..were trimmed with a plain white ribbon around the crown.
1839New Orleans Commerc. Appeal 18 Apr. 2/2 (heading) Public meeting to promote the establishment of a *Sailors' Home. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast 144 The establishment of Sailors' Homes. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Sailors' home, a house built by subscription, for the accommodation of seamen on moderate terms.
1843Poe Mystery of Marie Rogêt in Ladies' Compan. (N.Y.) Feb. 165/2 The ‘*sailor's knot’ with which the bonnet-ribbon is tied. 1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 128/1 *Sailors' knots.
1856C. Nordhoff Merchant Vessel 132 Others take what is called, par excellence, ‘*sailor's pleasure’, in overhauling their chests, bringing their best clothing on deck to air, and counting over their stock of tobacco and pipes. 1932J. W. Harris Days of Endeavour 57 They must have a sailor's pleasure on Sunday to see what can be raked up. Ibid. 232 Sailor's pleasure, overhauling contents of sea-chest and bag, and airing go-ashore clothes. 1933P. A. Eaddy Hull Down v. 122 Sunday at sea in a deep-water sailing-ship, especially if the weather is fine, and nearing port the sole topic of conversation, means ‘sailor's pleasure’.
1869G. Meredith Let. Dec. 19 (1970) I. 406 You should see Willie Godson in his *sailor's suit.
1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast iii, The crew call him [the second mate] the ‘*sailor's waiter’, as he has to furnish them with spunyarn, marline, and all other stuffs that they need.
Add:[4.] b. Short for boardsailor n.
1984USA Today 6 Apr. 2c/3 The Olympic boardsailing trials are June 12–22... Two weeks earlier, Hall will conduct an elite session..for six sailors, and then he will step back and watch his sailors compete against each other. 1988Guardian Weekly 22 May 26/1 These park manoeuvres seem to go on for ever. There are three wind-surfing sailors in Bermuda shorts and bellhop tops who roll in on wheeled surfboards and hand out a picnic to the nannies. |