| 释义 |
salad|ˈsæləd|
Forms: α. 5 selad, 5–7 salade, 6–7 sallade, 7–9 sallad, 7– salad; β. 6 sal(l)ett(e, -otte, -ite, 6–7 salat, 6–9 (now dial. or arch.) sallet, 7 sallat(e.
[a. OF. salade (14th c.), a. Pr. salada = OIt. salata, Pg. salada (cf. It. insalata, Sp. ensalada):—popular L. *salāta, f. *salāre (It., med.L. salare, Pr., Sp., Pg. salar, F. saler) to salt, f. L. sal salt.
The Romanic word has been generally taken into the Germanic langs.: Du. salade (salaet in Kilian, also sla from *slade), late MHG. salât (G. salat), Sw., Da. salat; also Russ. salat.]
1. a. A cold dish of herbs or vegetables (e.g. lettuce, endive), usually uncooked and chopped up or sliced, to which is often added sliced hard-boiled egg, cold meat, fish, etc., the whole being seasoned with salt, pepper, oil, and vinegar.
For an earlier wider use see quot. 1688 in β and cf. quot. 1687 s.v. salading.
α1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 398 Item, for erbes for a selad j. d. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 41 Yonge men..shell eate..salades of cold herbes. 1578Lyte Dodoens 125 This herbe..is much vsed in meates and Salades with egges. 1601Holland Pliny II. 37 If you would make a delicate sallad of Cucumbers, boile them first, then pill from them their rind, serue them vp with oile, vinegre, and honey. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. i. 72 Purslain..tis very sweet, and makes a good Salad for a hot Country. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull i. xvi, She turned away one servant for putting too much oil in her sallad. 1726Swift Gulliver iv. ii, Wholesome herbs, which I boiled, and eat as sallads with my bread. 1846Ford Gatherings from Spain (1906) 147 The salad is the glory of every French dinner and the disgrace of most in England. 1855Delamer Kitch. Gard. (1861) 107 The most approved autumnal salads are those mainly composed of endive.
βc1390Forme of Cury (1780) 41 Salat. Take persel, sawge, garlec [etc.]..waische hem clene..and myng hem wel with rawe oile, lay on vyneger and salt, and serue it forth. 1550J. Coke Eng. & Fr. Heralds §30 (1877) 64 Oyle olyve whiche was brought out of Espayne, very good for salettes. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxxvi. §8 A Sallet of greene herbes. 1629Parkinson Paradis. 468 Asparagus..whose young shootes..being boyled, are eaten with a little vinegar and butter, as a Sallet of great delight. 1660Pepys Diary 14 May, A sallet and two or three bones of mutton were provided for a matter of ten of us. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 84/2 Sallet, is either Sweet Herbs, or Pickled Fruits, or Cucumbers, Samphire, Elder-Buds, Broom-Buds, &c. eaten with Roasted Meats. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 173 Samphire..is very good in Sallets. 1716Addison Freeholder No. 30 ⁋5 Pudding, which, it must be confess'd, is not so elegant a Dish as Frog and Sallet. 1908A. Noyes Drake vi, Sallets mixed with sugar and cinnamon.
b. fig. and allusively, as a type of something mixed († or savoury).
1601Shakes. All's Well iv. v. 18 She was the sweete Margerom of the sallet, or rather the hearbe of grace. 1602― Ham. ii. ii. 462, I remember one said, there was no Sallets in the lines, to make the matter sauoury. a1635Corbet Iter Bor. (1647) 487 The Puritan, the Anabaptist, Brownist, Like a grand sallet. 1774Goldsm. Retal. 11 Our Garrick's a salad, for in him we see Oil, vinegar, sugar, and saltness agree. 1831Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 373 How the united robbers, after a sallad of murder and Te Deums, of conflagrations and general fasts, succeeded in dividing Poland. 1856F. Saunders (title) Salad for the Social. 1893Nation (N.Y.) LVII. 133/1 Close at hand the building is an entertaining salad of styles.
2. a. Any vegetable or herb used in a raw state as an article of food, esp. in the kind of dish described in 1; = salad-herb. See also corn-salad.
c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 97 Beware of saladis, grene metis, and of frutes rawe. a1500Flower & Leaf lix, They yede about gadring Plesaunt salades, which they made hem ete. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. ii. (1586) 52 b, And your Potte hearbes and Sallets in another place. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. ii. i. 91 That all rawe hearbs and sallets breed Melancholy blood, except Buglosse and Lettice. 1643Sir T. Browne Relig. Med. ii. §1, I could digest a Sallad gathered in a Church-yard, as well as in a Garden. 1673Ray Journ. Low C. 395 They are very temperate in their diet, eating a great deal of sallet and but little flesh. 1784Cowper Task vi. 304 To pick A cheap but wholesome sallad from the brook. 1870Dickens E. Drood iii, The Cloisterham children grow small salad in the dust of abbots and abbesses, and make dirt-pies of nuns and friars. 1887C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Afr. 273 Watercress (Nasturtium officinale..). The well-known salad.
b. spec. (dial. and U.S.) Lettuce.
1838Philadelphia Ledger July (Bartlett), Salad goes to head by the middle of May, on Vancouver's Island. 1860Darlington's Amer. Weeds, etc. 205 Those forms known as Curled and Head Salad. 1877Holderness Gloss., Sallit..the lettuce plant before preparation for the table.
†c. in proverbial or allusive use, esp. in to pick a salad, (a) to be engaged in some trivial occupation, (b) to make a selection (out of). Obs.
1520Whitinton Vulg. 2 He that laboreth nothyng holy, but catcheth a patche of euery thyng, is mete to pycke a salet. 1550Bale Eng. Votaries ii. 5 b, Angisus..byshopp of Metis, vsurpynge the hygh stewardshypp of Fraunce, at layser made the kynge to go pyke a salett. 1568in Strype Ann. Ref. (1709) I. lii. 525 As for your new Doctors, it is good to pick a Sallet out of them, now and then. 1590Greene Never too late Wks. (Grosart) VIII. 102 If not, like an vnthankefull Hackney-man shee meant to tourne him into the bare leas, and set him as a tyrde iade to picke a sallet. 1601Shakes. All's Well iv. v. 15 'Twas a good Lady. Wee may picke a thousand sallets ere wee light on such another hearbe. 1603Dekker Batchelors Banquet Wks. (Grosart) I. 176, I would haue turnd the queane out of doors to picke a Sallet.
3. attrib., as salad bowl, salad-cream, salad-dish, salad-dressing, salad-eater, salad fork, salad leaf, salad-plate, salad-root, salad-spoon; salad bar chiefly U.S., a servery from which a salad may be obtained; salad basket, (a) a wire basket in which superfluous moisture is shaken from the constituents of a salad after washing; (b) slang [tr. Fr. panier à salade], a police van, ‘Black Maria’; salad burnet, the common burnet, Poterium Sanguisorba; † salad clover, Melilotus cærulea; salad days, days of youthful inexperience; also attrib. in sing.; salad furniture (see furniture 6 b); salad-herb ? Obs., = sense 2; salad rocket, Eruca sativa (Miller Plant-n. 1884); salad servers, a large spoon and fork for serving salads; † salad sorrel, ? Oxalis Acetosella. Also salad-oil.
1976Amer. Speech 1974 XLIX. 116 *Salad bar, counter in many restaurants, with ingredients from which the diner can make his own salad. 1978Times 23 Apr. 12/6 The..assistant manageress..led me to the salad bar with its two kinds of salad, four kinds of bread and four kinds of salad dressing.
1906Mrs. Beeton's Bk. Househ. Managem. xxxv. 1092 Where a *salad basket is not available, the materials should be well drained and shaken in a colander. 1962P. Brickhill Deadline vi. 83 A row of large ‘Black Marias’, or, as I learned, ‘paniers à salade’ (salad baskets) as the French call them. 1966J. Dos Passos Best Times (1968) ii. 54 The French cooks were already out..whirling the salad around in wire salad-baskets to dry it. 1975H. McCutcheon Instrument of Vengeance iii. 52 There will be a salad basket here soon... What you call, I think, a Black Maria.
1773J. Wedgwood Let. 21 Nov. (1965) 156 *Sa[lad] Bowles, and boats. 1837Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. i. Spectre of Tappington, Curled like a head of celery in a salad-bowl. 1867Trollope Last Chron. Barset I. xxxii. 267 A bitter leaf will now and then make its way into your salad-bowl. 1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 22 Oct. 7/7 (Advt.), China salad bowls—hand painted. 1980Berkeley Graduate Oct. 5/2 Even in California, the salad bowl of the nation, thousands of people were hungry.
1854S. Thomson Wild Fl. iii. (1861) 236 The Poterium sanguisorba,..derives its English name of *salad-burnet from its being used as a salad.
1562Turner Herbal ii. 42, I know no Englishe name for it [sc. Lotus urbana]: howbeit, it may be named..gardin clauer or four clauer, or *sallat clauer.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Salad-cream, a prepared dressing for salads. 1976D. Clark Dread & Water ii. 26 A woman..was shaking salad cream from a bottle.
1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. i. v. 73 My *Sallad dayes, When I was greene in iudgement, cold in blood. 1865Cornh. Mag. May 554 Being in want of a horse at the time—it was in my salad days, reader—I looked through the advertisements in The Times, and noticed one which at any rate promised well. 1882C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xii. 83 All the newspapers that flourished in the green and sallet days of the Press have been replaced by more adventurous rivals. 1953Dylan Thomas Under Milk Wood (1954) 60 She whispers to her salad-day deep self. 1963Times 8 Mar. 15/4 This was a young concerto for a young pianist—it was, we have tried to suggest, not such a salad-day reading.
1688R. Holme Armoury (Roxb. Club) II. 4/1 A *sallett dish. 1710Swift Jrnl. to Stella 26 Oct., And so you only want some salad-dishes, and plates.
1836–9Dickens Sk. Boz, Scenes xviii, An unrivalled compounder of *salad-dressing.
1947Auden Age of Anxiety (1948) iii. 70 The parlour cars and Pullmans are packed also With scented assassins, *salad-eaters Who murder on milk.
1917Harrods Gen. Catal. 892/2 Glass *salad forks... Prices on application. 1978Detroit Free Press 5 Mar. a17/5 (Advt.), Stainless tableware..setting includes salad fork, dinner fork, [etc.].
1538–48Elyot Dict., Acetarium,..a gardeine, where *salet herbes do growe. 1588Kyd Househ. Phil. Wks. (1901) 243 An other garden full of all sorts of sallet hearbes. 1629Parkinson Parad. 468 Asparagus is a principall and delectable Sallet herbe..boyled. 1767Abercrombie Ev. Man his own Gard. (1803) 665/2 Sallad Herbs:..the principal..are lettuce, endive, cellery, and small herbs, such as cresses, mustard, radish, &c. 1796Salad herb [see burnet n.2 1].
1927Joyce Pomes Penyeach, The still garden where a child Gathers the simple *salad leaves.
1881C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork iii. 219 The little *salad-plates were silver-gilt. 1976G. McDonald Confess, Fletch (1977) xxxii. 150 Sylvia entered with salad plates. The salad consisted of..cold, canned peas.
1573in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. (1823) I. 370 Item, for *sallet roots 0 2.
1907Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 148/2 *Salad Servers, boxwood..set 1/1. 1978‘M. Delving’ No Sign of Life v. 94 Betsy is a carver... She carves the handles of salad servers and jugs for me.
1611Cotgr. s.v. Salette, Petite salette, Pettie Sorrell, *sallet Sorrell.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Salad-spoon, a wooden, ivory, or other spoon, for mixing and serving salad. |