| 释义 |
▪ I. † sand, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 1–2 sand, sond, 3–6 sand(e, sond(e, 3 saand, sund, 5 saande, sonnd, sound(e, soonde, sownde, 4–5 Sc. saynd(e.
[OE. sand, sǫnd str. fem., f. OTeut. *sand- in *sandjan to send.]
1. The action of sending; that which is sent, a message, present; (God's) dispensation or ordinance.
c1000ælfric Hom., Judith (Assmann) ix. 114, & him dæᵹhwamlice com þurh heora drihtnes sande mete of heofe⁓num. a1300Cursor M. 5099 Noght wit your rede, bot godds saand, Was i þus sent in-to þis land. c1320Sir Tristr. 2351 Bot vp he stirt bidene And heried godes sand Almiȝt. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 114 At Rokesburghe his parlement he helde, Þe folk did somon þorgh..& gaf þam sonde at wille in Inglond forto fare, Man & beste to spille. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iii. 349 Þe soule þat þe sonde [of the text] taketh bi so moche is bounde. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 292 Wheþer prelatis now ben more confermed in grace þanne was seynt petir þanne aftir sonde of þe holy goost? c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 728 She taketh in good entente The wille of Crist, and, kneling on the stronde, She seyde, ‘lord! ay wel-com be thy sonde!’ 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 415 Men hadde craft by Goddes sonde. c1400Destr. Troy 10506 A sonnd will I send by a sad frynd. a1440Sir Degrev. 1079 (Cambr. MS.) Thay thanked God of his sant [rime ferrant; Linc. MS. corruptly here shaunce, with rime ferrauns]. c1440York Myst. x. 244 It is goddis will, it sall be myne, Agaynste his saande sall I neuer schone. c1440Promp. Parv. 464/2 Sond, or sendynge, missio. Sond, or ȝyfte sent, eccennium. c1450Ratis Raving, Craft Deyng 4 To thank hyme [God] of al his sayndes and gyftes. c1500Kennedy Passion of Christ 914 This crabbit theif,..Beta⁓kinnis men, quhilk euer mair is murnand, The saynd of God ay reput myschance. c1520Skelton Magnyf. 2360 To thanke God of his sonde. c1525Tale of Basyn in Hazlitt E.P.P. III. 44 A riche man wer he..And knowen for a gode clerke thoro goddis sande.
b. The action of sending for; invitation.
1494Fabyan Chron. vi. ccx. 225 This Robert was a monke of an howse in Normandy, & came ouer by the sonde of the kynge.
2. A person or body of persons sent on an errand; an embassy; an envoy, messenger.
1038in Kemble Cod. Dipl. (1846) IV. 57 Þa com cristes cyrce sand to þam biscop. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1095, Eac on þis ylcan ᵹeare toᵹeanes Eastron com þæs Papan sande hider to lande þæt wæs Waltear bisceop. 1154Ibid. an. 1135, Here sandes feorden betwyx heom. c1205Lay. 3125 He sende hiis sande into þisse lande to Leir þan kinge. a1225Ancr. R. 190 Euerich worlich wo is Godes sonde. Heie monnes messager me schal heiliche under⁓uongen. a1300Cursor M. 14158 Þe sandes soght ouer all Iude, Faand þai him noght in þat contre. c1440York Myst. xliv. 29 But firste he saide he schulde doune sende His sande. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 189 The saynde of God, the quhilk was to be send fra the fader of hevyn, war cummyn. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 47 [Arthur said:] ‘I rede we send furth ane saynd to yone ciete’. 1470–85Malory Arthur xxi. i. 840 Than Syr Mordred sought on quene Gueneuer by letters & sondes..for to haue hir to come oute of the toure of london.
b. a sand, on sand: on an embassy or message.
a1300Cursor M. 710 Bot adam son was sent a saand. c1440Ipomydon 2283 Syr Camppanus forthe ys gon on sond, To the kyng of Sesanay-lond.
3. A serving of food; a course, mess.
a700Epinal Gloss. 188 Commeatos, commeatus sandæ [a 800 Erfurt Gloss. sondæ]. a1175Cott. Hom. 233 And þer hi hadden brad and win and vii. sandon. c1205Lay. 24601 Þas beorn þa sunde from kuchene to þan kinge. c1250Death 106 in O.E. Misc. 174 Hwer beoð þine dihsches midd þine swete sonde. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2295 Of euerilc sonde, of euerilc win, most and best he gaf beniamin. 13..Sir Beues 1927 And of eueriche sonde, Þat him com to honde, A dede hire ete al þer ferst. c1440Floriz & Bl. 1072 (Trentham MS.) Þere was fest swythe breeme; I can not telle al þe sonde, But rycher fest was neuer in londe.
4. Comb., sand-man, messenger, ambassador. (Cf. sandesman, sendman.)
c1205Lay. 12747 And heo us habbeoð worð isend bi vre sond-monnen.
▪ II. sand, n.2|sænd|
Forms: 1 sand, sond, 3–5 sond, 3–6 sonde, 4–7 sande, (4 sonnd, 5 scand), 3– sand.
[Com. Teut. (but not recorded in Goth.): OE. sand, sǫnd neut. = OFris. sond-, OS., MLG. sand, MDu. sant, sand- (Du. zand neut.), OHG. sant (MHG. sant, sand-, mod.G. sand masc., dial. also neut.), ON. sand-r masc. (Sw., Da. sand):—OTeut. *sando-, prob.:—earlier *samdo-, *samado- (? whence OHG. *samat, MHG. sampt) corresp. to Gr. ἄµαθος.]
1. a. A material consisting of comminuted fragments and water-worn particles of rocks (mainly silicious) finer than those of which gravel is composed; often spec. as the material of a beach, desert, or the bed of a river or sea.
c825[see 2]. c1000ælfric Exod. ii. 12 Þa ofsloh he þone Egiptiscan and behidde hyne on þam sande. c1200Ormin 14802, & Drihhtin þær toclæf þe sæ..& sett itt upp onn eȝȝþerr hallf All allse tweȝȝenn walless, & tær bitwenenn wass þe sand All harrd to ganngenn onne. a1300Cursor M. 12527 A nedder stert vte of þe sand, And stanged Iam in þe hand. c1384Chaucer H. Fame i. 486 Al the feld nas but of sond As smal as man may see yet lye In the desert of Libye. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. cci. 182 A drope of drye blode and smale sond cleued on his hond. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 64 Rose vp and wente forthe and fylled a greate sacke with sande. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. ii. iv. 170 And I as rich..As twenty Seas, if all their sand were pearle. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth iv. (1723) 207 That finer Matter,..vulgarly called Sand, being really no other than very small Pebles. 1733Pope Ess. Man iii. 102 Who taught the nations..to..Build on the wave or arch beneath the sand? 1799Med. Jrnl. I. 254 Siliceous sand, flint, clay and loam, constitute the principal part of the soil. 1820Shelley Witch Atl. iv, Ten times the Mother of the Months had..bidden..the billows to indent The sea deserted sand. 1870Morris Earthly Par. II. iii. 305 A shore of hard white sand Met the green herbage. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 132 As a rule both the gravel and the sand consist chiefly of the substance called silica. 1897Gladstone Eastern Crisis 1 Every grain of sand is a part of the sea-shore.
†b. poet. and rhet. used for: The shore (of a sea); also ‘land’ as opposed to ‘sea’, esp. in (by) sea and sand. Obs.
c1205Lay. 123, I þere Tyure he eode alond þer þa sea wasceð þat sond. a1300Cursor M. 10910 Þat all wroght..Sun and mone, and se and sand. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 14476 So longe he ferde & þe se sailand, & kynges slow by se & sand. 13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 341 Þenne he [sc. Jonah] swepe to þe sonde in sluchched cloþes. a1400–50Alexander 4299 And we sitt all-way so sure be sand & be wattir, þat na supowell vndire sonne seke we vs neuire. c1420? Lydg. Assembly of Gods 128 Er they myght be ware he [sc. Eolus] drofe hym on the sande. c1460Towneley Myst. ix. 141 Mahowne the menske, my lord kyng, And save by see and sand. Ibid. xiv. 399 Borne is newly, in this land, A kyng that shall weld se and sand. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) II. 589 He tuke the se,..In Ingland syne arryuit at ane sand, With all his power thair passit to the land.
c. With a and pl. A sand-bank, shoal.
1495Acts Crt. Requests (1592) 11 De..spoliatione dictae nauis..existentis in periculo infra le Goodwine sandes in mari. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 76 But you leaue all anker holde, on seas or lands. And so set vp shop vpon Goodwins sands. 1555Latimer in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) II. App. 99 They that have buylded upon a Sande wilbe affraied, thoughe they se but a Clowde aryse. 1588N. Gorges in Defeat Sp. Armada (Navy Rec. Soc.) I. 357 On the 30th of July, passing through the sands, we were becalmed. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. i. 100 Williams... What thinkes he of our estate? King. Euen as men wrackt vpon a Sand, that looke to be washt off the next Tyde. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 504 A ship (called Saint Peter) fell vpon sands..and split. 1738Weddell Voy. up Thames 42 On a sudden our Ship struck on a Sand. 1815Chron. in Ann. Reg. 95 She struck on a sand about three or four miles from Yarmouth. 1877Huxley Physiogr. 181 The position of the principal sands in the estuary of the Thames.
d. A sandy soil. Chiefly pl.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 547 The West part is taken up with the Forrest of Shirewood..This part because it is sandy, the Inhabitants tearme The Sand, the other..the Clay. 1675Evelyn Terra (1676) 19 As of Sands, so are there as different sorts of Clays. 1794A. Young Agric. Suffolk 22 On bad sands trefoile and ray grass are chosen. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 241 Sands.—Some of the best description of these soils nearly approach to hazel moulds. Ibid., Light Sands.
e. A grain of sand. (See also 2 a and 5.)
1596Edw. III, iv. iv. 42–3 As many sands as these my hands can hold Are but my handful of so many sands. 1611Shakes. Cymb. v. v. 120 One Sand another Not more resembles that sweet Rosie Lad [etc.]. 1675Evelyn Terra (1676) 34 Clay consisted of most exceeding smooth and round Sands of several opacous colours.
f. Geol. and Mining. A stratum of sand or soft sandstone. oil sand: see oil n.1 6 e.
1851Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. s.v., ‘The sand’ is a stratum of soft sandstone, frequently met with in sinking through the lower new red sandstone. 1894Geol. Mag. Oct. 464 Fawn-coloured Sands and Marls.
g. Golf. Sand-holes or bunkers on a course. to be in sand, to be ‘bunkered’.
1842G. F. Carnegie in Golfiana Misc. (1887) 82 ‘Give me the iron!’ either party cries, As in the quarry, track, or sand he lies. 1897Encycl. Sport I. 466/1 Balls in Sand—When a ball lies in a sand bunker [etc.].
h. Soil Sci. Applied spec. to particles whose sizes fall within a specified range, and to soils having a specified proportion of such particles (see quots.). Hence sand-size n. (adj.).
1873E. W. Hilgard in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts CVI. 337 (table) Coarse Sand, 80–90 (1/180) mm... Finest Sand 20–22 (1/180) mm. 1900R. Warington Lect. Physical Properties Soil i. 8 Coarse sand 0·5–1·00 mm... Fine sand 0·1–0·25 mm. 1925P. Emerson Soil Characteristics i. 6 The different soil particles are designated according to size as follows... Very coarse sand 2·0 to 1·0 millimeters... Very fine sand 0·1 to 0·05 millimeter. Ibid. 7 The United States Bureau of Soils recognizes the following classes [of soil]:..Sand: more than 25 per cent very coarse, coarse and medium sand, less than 50 per cent fine sand, more than 20 per cent silt and clay. 1952L. M. Thompson Soils & Soil Fertility ii. 8 Based on size of soil particles there are three fractions, sand, silt and clay. 1957Sand-size [see sedimentological a.]. 1964K. W. Butzer Environment & Archeol. x. 158 The modified Wentworth grade scale..is most widely used in North America. It has the following logarithmic subdivisions:..sand 0·064–2 mm., silt 0.004–0·064 mm... The non-logarithmic, modified Atterberg scale widely used in Europe has slightly different nomenclature... coarse sand 0·2–2·0 mm... fine sand 0·02–0·06 mm., silt 0·002–0·02 mm. 1971Gloss. Soil Sci. Terms (Soil Sci. Soc. Amer.) 14/2 Sand, a soil particle between 0·05 and 2·0 mm in diameter. Ibid. 18/1 Sand, soil material that contains 85% or more of sand; percentage of silt, plus 1·5 times the percentage of clay, shall not exceed 15. 1972J. G. Cruickshank Soil Geogr. ii. 55 The products of physical weathering are usually large on the particle size scale; that is, they are stone, gravel, or sand size and less commonly as small as silt size.
i. A fashion shade resembling the colour of sand.
1923Daily Mail 13 Feb. 13/2 (Advt.), Artificial silk hose..in black, white, beaver, nude, cinnamon, sand, suede. 1930Daily Express 6 Oct. 5/6 (Advt.), Imitation nutria fur sets... In dark grey, fawn, beaver, sand, and nutria. 1971Guardian 28 Sept. 11/2 (caption) Quilted raincoat... In sand, orchid, or damson. 1979Country Life 24 May (Suppl.) 55 (Advt.), The new Renault 5..comes in black, silver, blue or sand.
2. In various metaphorical and similative uses.
a. With reference to the innumerability of the grains composing sand.
c825Vesp. Psalter lxxvii. 27, & rinde ofer hie swe swe dust flæsc & swe swe sond sæs ða fleᵹendan ᵹefiðrede. a1300Cursor M. 2571 Þe barns þat o þe sal bred Namar sal þou þam cun rede, Þan sterns on light and sand in see. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iv. iii. 33 A heart As full of sorrowes, as the Sea of sands. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 903 They..Swarm populous, unnumber'd as the Sands Of Barca or Cyrene's torrid soil. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam xi. xxiii, Great People! as the sands shalt thou become.
b. With reference to its instability as a foundation or a constructive material. rope of sand: see rope n.
c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. vii. 26 Ᵹelic..were..se ðe ᵹetimberde hus his on sonde. 1542–5Brinklow Lament. (1874) 91 It is a token that your foundacion was buylded vpon the sande. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. ii. 84 Cowards, whose hearts are all as false As stayers of sand. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 427 They cannot bear to hear the sands of his Mississippi compared with the rock of the church. 1817Shelley To Ld. Chancellor xi, Their error—That sand on which thy crumbling power is built. 1835Lytton Rienzi ix. ii, Schemes of sand. 1873Trollope Phineas Redux I. vi. 53, I complain of no injustice. Our castle was built upon the sand. 1905G. L. Dickinson Mod. Symposium 77, I have been watching..one building after another laboriously raised by each speaker in turn, only to collapse ignominiously at the first touch administered by his successor. And why? For the ancient reason, that the structures were built upon the sand. 1920Galsworthy In Chancery ii. iii. 151 She put out her hand to him. ‘I feel you're a rock.’ ‘Built on sand,’ answered Jolyon. 1963Times 9 Jan. 4/2 On slower courts the story with Hughes would be different, but here, where even the best stroke is not an outright winner until it has died, his game is indeed built on sand.
c. In phrases implying the exercise or employment of fruitless labour. to plough the sands: see plough v. 10 b.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 194, I am in beliefe (I may peraduenture sowe my seede in the sande) that you will doe nothing vnto me. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 218 b, Surely I shall seeme to measure the sandes, when I enter uppon the gulfe of thys Romish Ierarchy. 1842Tennyson Audley Court 49, I might as well have traced it in the sands.
d. to bury (or hide) one's head in the sand (and allusive varr.): to ignore unpleasant realities.
In some quots. with direct reference to the legendary belief that an ostrich buries its head in sand when threatened.
1844[see ostrich1 2 a]. 1899W. H. D. Rouse in North tr. Plutarch's Lives VI. 345 Like the ostrich that hides his head in the sand. 1916W. Wilson in N.Y. Times 2 Feb. 1/1 America cannot be an ostrich with its head in the sand. 1929L. MacNeice in Oxford Poetry 24 Asking..Whether it would not be better To hide one's head in the warm sand of sleep. 1937F. P. Crozier Men I Killed vii. 137 Our new system of rearmament is at least..encouraging our Colonel Blimps to hide their heads, stupidly like the ostrich, in the sand! 1946E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh iii. 201 He thrusts his head down on his arms like an ostrich hiding its head in the sand. 1976Star (Sheffield) 29 Oct. 10/4 The people of England should not bury their heads in the sand and say it can't happen here.
3. pl. Tracts of sand:
a. along a shore, estuary, etc. or composing the bed of a river or sea.
1450W. Lomner in Paston Lett. (1897) I. 125 [He] leyde his body on the sonds of Dover. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 94 b, The Cardinall received hym on the Sandes. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 376 Come vnto these yellow sands. 1704Pope Spring 61 O'er golden sands let rich Pactolus flow. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) I. 224 The great Rhine..a part of which is no doubt lost in the sands, a little above Leyden. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam xii. xvii, A melody, like waves on wrinkled sands that leap. a1858Kingsley Poems (title) The Sands of Dee. 1859Tennyson Guinevere 291 They found a naked child upon the sands Of dark Tintagil by the Cornish sea.
b. Sandy or desert wastes.
a1547Surrey æneid iv. 832 May he..fall before his time vngraued amid the sandes. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. xxi. 110 The long desarts and sandes, whereby they must passe. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies ii. xiii. 112 Why is all the coast of Peru, being ful of sands, very temperate? 1667Milton P.L. i. 355 Her barbarous Sons..spread Beneath Gibraltar to the Lybian sands. 1738Gray Tasso 32 Oceans unknown, in⁓hospitable sands! 1781Cowper Friendship 184 So barren sands imbibe the show'r, But render neither fruit nor flow'r. 1822Shelley Calderon ii. 143 A pirate ambushed in its pathless sands. 1843Borrow Bible in Spain vii, We were in the midst of sands, brushwood, and huge pieces of rock.
fig.1816Byron Ch. Har. iii. iii, A sterile track..O'er which all heavily the journeying years Plod the last sands of life, where not a flower appears.
†c. Phrase. (Sc.) to leave or put (a person) to the long sands: app., to leave in the lurch, to place in a difficulty. Obs.
1671Fountainhall in M. P. Brown Suppl. Decis. (1826) II. 539 It would appear Udney transacts for the haill [sc. bond for the payment of himself and Pitreichy], pays himself, and leaves Pitreichy to the lang sands. 1678J. Brown Life Faith i. ii. (1824) 33 How quickly were they put again to the long sands (as we say).
4. a. As used for various economic purposes; also, as an adulterant. fire of sand = sand fire: see 10.
1511–12Act 3 Hen. VIII, c. 6 §1 Without eny more oyle brene moistur dust sonde or other thyng deceyvably puttyng to..the same Webbe. 1530Palsgr. 265/1 Sande to skoure vessell with, sablon. 1666Boyle Orig. Formes ii. vi. 345 The saline Corpuscles are distill'd over in a moderate Fire of Sand. 1848Dickens Dombey xxiii, The walls had been cleaned..and everything..was..shining with soft soap and sand. 1850Holtzapffel Turning, etc. III. 1090 Sand, which is nearly pure silex, is used in sawing and smoothing building stones and marbles. 1857A. H. Hassall Adulterations Detected 188 There is..but little foundation for the tales we hear about the presence of sand in sugar.
b. as an ingredient of mortar.
1427–8Rec. St. Mary at Hill 69 Also payd for a lode sonde.. vd. 1455–6Cal. Anc. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 290 The sayd Jhon shall repeyre sayd towyr and slype..with lym and scand. 1703T. S. Art's Improv. 6 This Mortar is made of Lime..and Brook-Sand. 1862Merivale Rom. Emp. liv. (1865) VI. 459 His system, as Caius said of his style, was sand without lime.
c. as used to dry wet ink-marks.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., White Sands... 1. A fine shining kind, commonly used for strewing over writing. 1806J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (ed. 3) 175 In writing:—neither sand, blotting paper, nor a fire, to dry your paper. 1860All Year Round No. 52. 33 He was continually shaking sand from a pepper-box over scrawling entries in marble-covered copy-books.
d. as used in making founders' moulds; spec. a mixture of common sand with a binding material.
dry, green sand: see green a. 9 d. facing, parting sand: see facing vbl. n., parting vbl. n.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 518 The experienced moulder knows how to mix the different sands placed at his disposal.
5. The sand of a sand-glass or hour-glass; also, with a and pl., a grain of this. Chiefly fig.
1557Tottel's Misc. (Arb.) 138, I saw, my tyme how it did runne, as sand out of the glasse. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, i. iv. 25 The Sands are numbred, that makes vp my Life. 1608― Per. v. ii. 1 Now our sands are almost run. a1644Quarles Sol. Recant. Solil. ix. 14 Deaths impartiall hand Wounds all alike, and death will give no sand. 1732Pope Ep. Cobham 225 Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand, Yet tames not this; it sticks to our last sand. 1837Disraeli Venetia v. x, The remaining sands of my life are few. 1899J. Chamberlain Sp. in Times 28 Aug. 6/4 Will he [sc. President Kruger] speak the necessary words. The sands are running down in the glass.
†6. = arena. lit. and fig. Obs.
1587Thynne Contin. Ann. Scot. Pref., in Holinshed, Thus hauing laid before thee, that he writeth best that trulie writeth publike affaires, that I was commanded by my deere freends to enter into this sand [etc.]. 1615Crooke Body of Man 25 Andreas Laurentius hath taken worthy paines, and sweate much in this sande. 1618Bolton Florus iii. xxi. (1636) 241 That citizens should encounter citizens, as if they were fencers..in the heart and forum of the city, as in a fighting ground or theatral sand.
7. slang.
a. (See quots.)
1812J. H. Vaux Flash Dict., Sand, moist sugar. 1823P. Egan Grose's Dict. Vulg. Tongue. 1918L. E. Ruggles Navy Explained 20 Bread is called ‘punk’; sugar, ‘sand’. 1935A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 86/1 Pass the sand, pass the sugar. 1945California Folklore Q. 19 Oct. 46 Joe with cow and sand. 1971M. Tak Truck Talk 100 Load of sand, a cargo of sugar.
b. Chiefly U.S. Firmness of purpose; pluck, stamina. Phr. sand in one's craw. Cf. grit n.1 5.
1867G. W. Harris Sut Lovingood 102, I tell yu he hes lots ove san' in his gizzard; he is the best pluck I ever seed. 1872Newton Kansan 5 Dec. 3/3 We hope to see Mr. Pettibone with sufficient ‘sand in his craw’ for this new position [sc. police judge]. 1875B. Harte Tales of Argonauts 71 Blank me if I didn't think he was losing his sand, till he walked to position. 1883E. Ingersoll in Harper's Mag. Jan. 202 Good, solid man he was, too, with heaps of sand in him. 1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn viii. 62 When I got to camp I warn't feeling very brash, there warn't much sand in my craw. 1924Galsworthy Forest iv. ii. 120 By Jove, Mr. Farrell, there's sand in you. Tell me, isn't he ever ashamed of himself? 1933J. Buchan Prince of Captivity iii. i. 264 A plain face with nothing showy about it, but all the horse-sense and sand in the world. 1954‘W. Henry’ Death of Legend 4 You losing your sand, Buck?
c. to raise sand (U.S.): to create a disturbance; to make a fuss.
1892Dialect Notes I. 231 ‘To raise sand’ is slang [in Kentucky] for to get furiously angry, the same as ‘to raise Cain’. 1893H. A. Shands Some Peculiarities of Speech in Mississippi 74 Raise sand,..to create a disturbance, to raise a row. 1948Sun (Baltimore) 1 Dec. 17/4 Boudreau raised sand but the decision stuck. 1970C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 96 Raise sand,..to make an outcry; to brawl; to fight.
8. Anat. and Path. Applied to various substances resembling sand, present either normally or as pathological products in certain animal organs or secretions. brain sand: see quot. 1856; also called pineal sand (Syd. Soc. Lex.). urinary sand: a substance of finer particles than those of gravel (gravel n. 4).
1577Frampton Joyf. News i. 19 The chief vertue that it hath, is in the paine of the stone in the Kidneis and Raines, and in expellyng of Sande and stone. 1707Sloane Jamaica I. 60 A Seaman much troubled with Sand and gross Humors, eating of it..found so much benefit [etc.]. 1822–9Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) V. 522 Urinary sand..is of two kinds, white and red. 1856Griffith & Henfrey Microgr. Dict. 559/2 Brain-sand, or the acervulus cerebri, is found in the pineal gland and the choroid plexus, sometimes also in the pia mater [etc.]. 1899J. Cagney tr. Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. vii. (ed. 4) 290 Concretions of considerable size are occasionally to be seen with the naked eye in the urine (urinary sand).
9. General Combinations.
a. simple attrib., as sand-barge, sand-bay, sand-beach, sand-canyon, sand-cart, sand down, sand-dune, sand-flat, sand-grain, sand heap, sand-island, sand-knoll, sand-land, sand-line, sand-mound, sand-pile, sand-reef, sand-rip (rip n.5), sand-sack, sand-sea, sand-shore, sand-spit, sand-stretch, sand-vein, sand-waste; ‘made of sand’, as sand core, sand walk; employed in the storing, carrying, working, etc. of sand, as sand bin, sand creel (creel n. 1), sand-scoop, sand-wheel.
1840R. H. Dana Two Yrs. before Mast 225 We were as deep as a *sand-barge. 1887S. Samuels From Forecastle to Cabin 197 My ship was loaded as deep as a sand barge.
1645–52Boate Irel. Nat. Hist. (1860) 22 A *sand-bay where it is good anchoring.
1709J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 151 The Sand-Birds..frequent our *Sand-Beaches. 1728J. Comer Diary 7 Apr. (1893) 50 A schooner..was cast on shore on a sand beach at Westport. 1806Deb. Congress U.S. (1852) 9th Congress 2 Sess. App. 1117 They passed a number of sand-beaches, and some rapids. 1878Lanier Poems, Marshes of Glynn 54 Softly the sand-beach wavers away.
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., *Sand Bin, a trough..in..foundries, used as a convenient receptacle for sand..for..the moulder.
1939Auden & Isherwood Journey to War 120 *Sand-canyons, guarded by fantastic sandy spires and pinnacles.
1788Cowper Let. 1 Feb. in R. Southey Life & Wks. W. Cowper (1836) VI. 117 Thinking myself an ass, and my translation a *sand-cart. 1825J. Constable Let. 1 Aug. (1966) IV. 97 A scene on Hampstead Heath, with broken foreground and sand carts. 1834Chambers's Edin. Jrnl. III. 233/3 It was like subjecting a pampered palfrey all of a sudden, to the sorrows of the sand-cart. 1923Glasgow Herald 30 Jan. 9 There is generally a so-called sandcart, a sort of squat fly with an awning for two.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts II. 474 The *sand cores for filling up that part of the shell which is to be hollow.
1402–3Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 217, 2 panyhers, et 1 par de *sande crelys.
1604E. Grimstone Hist. Siege Ostend 14 The Souldiers were forced to recouer the..*sande downes. 1856C. J. Andersson Lake Ngami 157 Soil as yielding as that of an English sand-down. 1830–3*Sand-dune [see dune]. 1899C. Reid Orig. Brit. Flora 13 Many of the sand-dune..species are more properly desert plants.
1773in E. W. McMullen Eng. Topogr. Terms in Florida (1953) 190 From this point runs a *sand flat 11/6 mile from the shore of Anastasia Island. 1794Trans. Soc. Promotion Agric., Arts, & Manuf. (U.S.) I. 143 He..kept him in a very poor pasture adjoining a creek where creek-thatch grew on sand-flats. 1826J. J. Audubon Ornithol. Biogr. II. 41 The dead fish that frequently are found about the sand-flats of rivers. 1839Penny Cycl. XV. 516/2 Locality... The sand-flats of the Cape of Good Hope. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. 349 Two thousand men were in arms upon the sandflats towards Deal. 1922Joyce Ulysses 41 Unwholesome sandflats waited to suck his treading soles.
1895Outing (U.S.) XXVI. 27/1 Dusty with little *sand-grains.
1602Carew Cornwall 19 b, A little before plowing time, they scatter abroad those..small *Sand heapes vpon the ground. 1854C. M. Yonge Heartsease II. iii. xv. 327, I hope she will take her down to the *sand-heap, where the children have been luxuriating all morning. 1974Times 5 Oct. 12/2 That sand-heap played a large part in his method of teaching.
1840Poe Jrnl. of Julius Rodman in Compl. Wks. (1902) IV. 43 *Sand-island. 1975Offshore Engineer Dec. 16/3 A sand island could engulf a conventional steel or concrete platform.
1916Joyce Portrait of Artist (1969) iv. 172 A ring of tufted *sandknolls.
1766Compl. Farmer s.v., The grey, black, and ash-coloured *sand-land are the worst of all. 1963Times 10 June 7/1 This is 73 percent above the average of 16 other *sandland farms carrying cattle and sheep as well as growing corn. 1972Plant Dis. Reporter LVI. 695 This pathogen spread rapidly into all the tomato sand-land areas of Florida.
1891W. B. Yeats John Sherman & Dhoya ii. 185 By the..edge of the lake..there suddenly stood before him a slight figure, at the edge of the narrow *sand-line, dark against the glowing water.
1872‘Mark Twain’ Roughing It v. 51 He..climbs the nearest *sand-mound, and gazes into the distance.
1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 8 Apr. 4/2 Organized playgrounds were a valuable asset to any city—a playground in which there were *sandpiles and wading pools for the little ones. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 30 Oct. 16/5 She recalls playing ‘kick the can’ and burying each other in sand piles.
1883‘Mark Twain’ Life on Mississippi xxiv. 267 You can tell a *sand-reef—that's all easy. 1973Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. lx. 8 The mainland is..cut off from the Atlantic by the long lines of sand reefs called the Outer Banks.
1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 195 They lie in wait for them on the *sand-rips and catch them as they swim over.
1889W. B. Yeats Wanderings of Oisin iii. 49 But prone on the pathway, prone struggling, They lay 'neath the *sand-sack at length.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Sand-scoop, a shovel for obtaining sand from the bottom of the river.
1936M. H. Mason Paradise of Fools xix. 218 When we finally get stuck in the middle of the *Sand Sea..you'll have to carry everything. 1976L. Deighton Twinkle, twinkle, Little Spy ii. 13 This road skirted the edges of the Sahara's largest sand-seas.
1859Tennyson Elaine 301 The waste *sand-shores.
1854V. Lush Jrnl. 5 Feb. (1971) 151 The boat beat about all the afternoon and towards evening ran fast upon the *sandspit off the mouth of the Mungamungaroa Creek. 1910S. P. Hyatt Diary of Soldier of Fortune xv. 161 The town..stands on a little sandspit which juts out from a mangrove-circled bay. 1934Discovery May 130/1 One result of the storm was that a sand spit was built out across a bay. 1974Nat. Geographic Dec. 785/1 Its reef supported two islets, one a mere sandspit and the other some 350 yards long.
1930E. Pound XXX Cantos ii. 9 Glare azure of water, cold-welter, close cover. Quiet sun-tawny *sand-stretch.
1922Blunden Shepherd 28 Where the *sand-vein still bubbles its clear spring.
1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Walk, *Sand walks are also frequently made in gardens.
1817Coleridge Lay Serm. 26 The unprofitable *sand-waste.
1883Min. Proc. Inst. Civ. Engin. LXXIV. 338 *Sand-wheel Motor... A large overshot wheel operated by sand instead of water. 1892P. Benjamin Mod. Mechanism 589 Sand Wheels [in ore-dressing machinery] are..elevators..for raising the..tailings.
b. objective and obj. genitive, as sand-castor, sand crusher, sand-elevator, sand mixer, sand-rammer, sand-shaker, sand sifter, sand-strewer; sand-loving, sand-teasing adjs.
1897‘H. S. Merriman’ In Kedar's Tents xxv. 281 Vincente was writing at the table... He smiled as he shook the small *sand-castor over the paper. 1924[see Battersea]. 1940R. Graves Sergeant Lamb of Ninth 206 The chest was filled with pens, ink, paper, sand-castors.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Sand Crusher and Washer.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. 750 The sand..is again lifted by the *sand-elevator.
1915R. Lankester Diversions of Naturalist 17 The rare *sand-loving plants of the dunes. 1967Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. V. 505 Sand-loving species such as the tectibranch gastropod Philine aperta.
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., *Sand Mixer, a machine used in mixing sand for foundry use.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 802/2 The *sand-rammers employed in making foundry moulds.
1958Washington Post 26 June a1/8 They [sc. microphones] would be located where the old and now empty ‘*sand shakers’, once used as blotters, are placed on each desk. 1972Country Life 3 Feb. 272/3 It [sc. a 1652 inkstand] opens to reveal.. on the right a sand-shaker. 1975New Yorker 26 May 105/3 (Advt.), Sterling Silver Salt and Pepper Reproductions of the original sand shakers used by George Washington at Mt. Vernon.
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., *Sand Sifter, a machine made for sifting foundry sand.
1922Joyce Ulysses 428 Through rising fog a dragon *sandstrewer, travelling at caution, slews heavily down upon him, its huge red headlight winking.
1865G. M. Hopkins Poems (1948) 33 Eye greeting doves bright-counter to the rook, Fresh brooks to salt *sand-teasing waters shoaly.
c. instrumental, as sand-blanched, sand-blown, sand-built, sand-buried, sand-cleaned, sand-faced, sand-hemmed, sand-invested, sand-laden, sand-obliterated, sand-rubbed, sand-silted, sand-smothered, sand-stained, sand-strewn adjs.
1932W. Faulkner Light in August v. 105 A smooth, *sandblanched floor.
1907C. C. Brown China 139 Low dunes and *sand-blown farmsteads.
1788T. Dwight Triumph of Infidelity 6 As *sand-built domes dissolve before the stream,..The structure fled. 1830Tennyson Ode to Memory 97 A sand-built ridge. 1916Joyce Portrait of Artist (1969) iv. 160 The music passed..over the fantastic fabrics of his mind, dissolving them painlessly and noiselessly as a sudden wave dissolves the sandbuilt turrets of children.
1888Daily News 3 July 6/1 The *sand-buried cities of Western Mongolia. 1960Auden Homage to Clio 58 A sand-buried site.
1891W. B. Yeats John Sherman & Dhoya 17 Our *sand-cleaned doorsteps.
1931Times Lit. Suppl. 3 Sept. 668/2 Hand-made and *sand-faced [tiles]. 1976Liverpool Echo 7 Dec. 11/2 They were hand-made, sand-faced Flemish bricks, mellowed by time and totally irreplaceable.
1852M. Arnold Consolation 27 In a lone, *sand hemm'd City of Africa.
1870Longfellow Div. Trag. 1st Pass. ii. iii, The vast desert, silent, *sand-invested.
1902D. G. Hogarth Nearer East 72 The chief ranges run north and south, weathered to fantastic outlines by the *sand-laden winds and keen frosts of winter nights. 1955P. Larkin Less Deceived 41 Those few forbidding signs Of the continuous coarse Sand-laden wind, time.
1938D. Gascoyne Hölderlin's Madness 47 The *sand-obliterated face.
1922V. Woolf Jacob's Room i. 13 Wind-swept, *sand-rubbed, a more unpolluted piece of bone existed nowhere.
1945C. Mann in Murdoch & Drake-Brockman Austral. Short Stories (1951) 259 It broke through the *sand-silted block.
1924Lawrence & Skinner Boy in Bush 11 Clogged,..*sand-smothered, that's what we are.
1916A. Huxley Burning Wheel 50 Who marked the land-weeds and the *sand-stained foam.
1849M. Arnold Forsaken Merman 35 *Sand-strewn caverns, cool and deep.
d. parasynthetic, as sand-beached, sand-bottomed, sand-rimmed, sand-roofed, sand-wharfed adjs.
1895Kipling 2nd Jungle Bk. 166 Some granite-tipped, *sand-beached islet.
1894H. Nisbet Bush Girl's Rom. 12 *Sand-bottomed, clear but not shallow streams.
1857J. G. Whittier Poetical Wks. II. 231 Mine the *sand-rimmed pickerel pond.
1845Longfellow Belfry of Bruges 50 Whole villages of *sand-roofed tents.
1930Blunden Poems 318 So unexpected and so beautiful That they live on in the *sand-wharfed pool.
e. adverbial, chiefly similative, as sand-blond, sand-coloured, sand-like sand-sized, sand-toned adjs.; locative, as sand-bogged, sand-burrowing, sand dwelling, sand-marooned, sand-mounded, sand-wading adjs.; sand-groping vbl. n.
1953C. Day Lewis Italian Visit ii. 32 The hills are *sand-blond.
1959A. Upfield Bony & Black Virgin xi. 88 Lots of drift sand now. We'd find it rougher in the ute. Be *sand-bogged a lot.
1963R. P. Dales Annelids i. 29 Such protonephridia..are found in phyllodocids and in the *sandburrowing nephthyids.
1627May Lucan ix. 822 *Sand-colour'd Ammodytes. 1897Daily News 9 Sept. 6/5 Sand-coloured cloth.
1911F. O. Bowen Plant-Life on Land 128 Certain *sand-dwelling plants. 1963R. P. Dales Annelids ii. 43 In lugworms, in the fusiform sand-dwelling opheliids.
1924Lawrence & Skinner Boy in Bush 21 They walked off the timber platform into the sand, and Jack had his first experience of ‘*sand-groping’.
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Sieges Jerus. Wks. i. 10/1 [Adam] from whose Star-like, *Sand-like Generation, Sprung euery Kindred, Kingdome, Tribe, and Nation.
1946W. de la Mare Traveller 19 Meagre his saddlebag as camel's hump When, *sand-marooned, she staggers to her doom.
1921― Veil 24 Rent hull, and broken mast, She sprawls *sand-mounded.
1965G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. xx. 365/2 In them [sc. sandstones] the clay mineral occurs as large *sand-sized aggregates. 1977A. Hallam Planet Earth 24/2 Somewhat larger particles, sand-sized grains, offer sufficient air resistance to be briefly heated to incandescence by friction before being entirely destroyed in the upper atmosphere.
1916Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 635/2 In the midst of the mass of *sand-toned uniforms.
1884Cornh. Mag. May 459 We had an hour's *sand-wading after leaving O-Bak.
10. a. Special combinations: sand-ball, a kind of toilet soap (see quot. 1884); sand-bar, a bank of sand formed at the mouth of a river or harbour by the action of the water; also, a sandbank in the course of a river or close to a beach; sand-bar willow, a North American shrub or small tree, Salix longifolia; sand-bat, -battery (see quots.); † sand-bearded a., having a sandy-coloured beard; sand belt, an arid ridge of sand frequently extending many miles; sand-belt machine, a variety of sand-papering machine; sand-binder, a plant which tends to hold loose or shifting sand; sand-blight = sandy-blight (see sandy a. 5 b); sand blow, the removal or deposition of large quantities of sand by the wind; a place where this has occurred; sand-blower (see quot.); sand board, (a) a board or tray sprinkled with sand in which letters may be traced and obliterated in teaching the alphabet; (b) see quots. 1875–95; sand-body Geol., a permeable underground mass of sand or sandstone (which may contain oil); sand boil U.S., an eruption of water through the surface of the ground; sand bowls, bowls for playing upon sand; sand brake, an appliance for stopping a train by the automatic packing of the axles with sand; sandbreak, a patch of sandy ground in a landscape; sand-brush, the brush or underwood of a sandy district; sand-bunker, a small well-fenced sand-pit (Jam.); sand-burned, burnt adjs., of a casting, injured by the partial fusion of the sand in the mould; sand-burr = sand-bat (see also sand-bur); sand cake [tr. G. sandkuchen, sandtorte], a kind of cake which crumbles in the mouth; sand-canal Zool. (see quot.); sand-castle, a structure of sand resembling the form of a castle, of the kind made by a child on the beach; also fig.; sand cay [cay], a small sandy island, usu. elongated parallel to the shore, freq. found on a coral reef and there composed of fine coral debris; = sand key; sand-clock = sand-glass 1; sand-cloud, a cloud-like mass of sand accompanying a simoom; sand-club, (a) = sandbag n. 2 c (Cent. Dict.); (b) orig. U.S., = sand-iron (b); sand-coal, cone (see quots.); sand core, a compact mass of sand that is dipped into molten glass and withdrawn, so as to serve as a core in the making of a hollow vessel; freq. attrib.; sand-crack, (a) a fissure in a horse's hoof; (without a and pl.) a condition so characterized; (b) a crack in the human foot caused by walking on hot sandy soil; (c) a crack in a moulded brick, prior to burning, due to imperfect mixing (Cent. Dict.); sand crater (see quot.); sand culture Bot., a hydroponic method of plant cultivation in which the plants are rooted in beds of purified sand supplied with nutrient solutions, used esp. to determine their mineral requirements; a culture of this kind; usu. attrib.; sand-dance, a step-dance performed on a sanded surface; hence sand-dancing, sand-dance v.; sand-dashing (see quot.); sand-devil, in Africa, a small whirlwind; sand-drift, drifting sand or an accumulation of this; sand drown, chlorosis of plants caused by magnesium deficiency in the soil; † sand dust nonce-wd. = dust n.1 3 b; sand filter, a filter used in water purification consisting of layers of sand arranged with coarseness of texture increasing downwards; † sand-fire = sand-bath 1; sand-flag, ? = flag-sandstone (flag n.2 5); sand-flask, a frame for a sand-mould; sand-flaw, a flaw in the surface of a brick due to the uneven coating of sand given to the clay in moulding; sand flood, an inundation of moving or drifting sand; sand-furnace = sand-bath 1; sand-gall, † -gavel (see quots.); sand garden, in Japanese landscape gardening, an open space covered with sand, the surface of which is raked into a pattern; so sand gardening, the practice of this style of landscape design; † sand-gelt, in Flanders, ? an impost levied on shipping to pay the cost of clearing the harbour from sand; sand glacier Geomorphol. (see quot. 1972); sand gold, gold dust; sand grain Printing (see quot. 1906); also attrib.; sand-groper Austral., a jocular appellation for a native West Australian; sand-grown a., designating a native of Blackpool; sand-happy a. (see -happy); sand-hog U.S., a man who works underground, as in a caisson or in foundation-work; also fig.; sand-hole, (a) a small hole or flaw in a casting, also in glass or stone; (b) a water-hole in sand; (c) a hole in sand; sand-iron, (a) see quot. 1789; (b) Golf, an ‘iron’ adapted for lifting the ball out of sand; sand-jet, (a) = sand-blast n. 1; (b) a jet of sand from the sand-box of a locomotive; sand-joint (see quot.); sand key U.S. [key n.3] = sand cay; sand-letter (see quot.); sand-lime, used attrib. to denote a type of brick made by baking sand with a proportion of slaked lime under pressure; sand-lug U.S., a low grade of tobacco, manufactured from leaves that grow near the ground (Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895); † sand-mail, ? = sand-gavel; sand-man, one who digs sand; also, in nursery language, a personification of sleep or sleepiness (cf. G. sandmann, -männchen, and dustman 2); sand mortar (see quot.); sand-mould, a mould for a casting, composed of sand; hence sand-moulder; sand-moulding, a process of moulding bricks in which the moulds are sprinkled with sand; sand-painting, the technique used esp. by the Navajo Indians of painting with coloured sands; an instance of this; sand-picture, a picture formed by laying coloured sands on an adhesive ground (Ogilvie 1882); also more gen., a design made in sand; sand pie, wet sand formed by a child into the shape of a pie; sand-pillar = sand-spout; sand-pipe, (a) Geol. (see quot. 1839); (b) a pipe conducting sand to the rails from the sand-box of a locomotive; sand-plain, a sandy plain; spec. in Geol., a flat-topped hill of peculiar structure formed as a delta at the margin of a Pleistocene ice sheet; sand plant = sand-binder; sand-plate, (a) = sanding-plate (Funk's Stand. Dict.); (b) a contrivance for facilitating the transporting of a life-boat over sand; † sand-plot, (a) = arena; (b) a patch of sand; sand plug (see quot.); † sand-poke, a sand-bag; sand-pot, † (a) an iron pot used with the sand-furnace; (b) dial. a quicksand; sand-pump, a pump for raising wet sand, detritus, etc., from a drill-hole, oil-well, caisson, etc.; also attrib.; sand-red a., of a sandy red colour; sand-reel (see quot.); sand ripple, one of a series of small parallel ridges or undulations in the surface of sand; sand-rock, a sandstone rock; sand-scratch (see quot.); sand shadow, an accumulation of sand to the lee of an obstruction; sand-shoes, shoes adapted for wearing on the sands or at the sea-side, spec. canvas shoes with gutta-percha or hemp soles; sand-shot (see quot.); sand-slinger Founding (see quot. 1948); sand-smoke, a whirlwind or sandstorm; sand-soap = sand-ball; sand-spout, a pillar of sand raised by a whirlwind in a desert; sand-stock (brick) (see quot.); sandstorm, a desert storm of wind accompanied with clouds of sand; also fig.; sand-strake = garboard (see quot.); sand-table, (a) a sand-covered surface on which letters or designs can be drawn and erased or models placed and removed; (b) = sand-trap 1; sand-tray, (a) = sand-table (a); (b) = sand-box 2 e; sand-tube, (a) Geol. (see quot. 1841); (b) Zool. = sand-canal; also, a protective tube of agglutinated sand formed by some annelids; (c) Mech., a conductor for sand; sand valve, vent (see quots.); † sand-walker dial., ? one employed in shrimping or other similar work on the sands; sand warped, swept by the tide on to a sand-bank; also, ‘silted up, or choked with sand’ (Whitby Gloss., 1876); sand-wash U.S., a sloping surface of sand spread out by an intermittent stream; sand wave, a wave-like formation in sand; spec. in Physical Geogr., an undulation similar to a megaripple but on a larger scale; sand-wedge = sand-iron (b); sandweld v. trans., to weld (iron) with sand, which forms a fluid slag on the welding-surface (Cent. Dict.); sand-whirl, a whirlwind whose vortex is filled with dust and sand (ibid.).
1846Jewish Manual, or Pract. Information Jewish & Mod. Cookery iv. 212 *Sand-balls are excellent for removing hardness of the hands. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Sand-balls. 1884A. Watt Soap-making xix. 164 Sand-Balls are made by incorporating with melted and perfumed soap certain proportions of fine river sand.
1766J. Bartram Jrnl. 29 Jan. in W. Stork Descr. E. Florida 55 Towards the opposite shore there is a *sand-bar. 1782T. Jefferson Notes State of Virginia ii. 9 The Missisipi, below the mouth of the Missouri, is always muddy, and abounding with sand bars, which frequently change their places. 1796A. Ellicott Jrnl. (1803) 14 The fog was so thick that we could neither discover sand-bars nor logs. 1807P. Gass Jrnl. 77 A great many sand-bars [in the Missouri River]. 1897Outing (U.S.) XXX. 50/2 This one sheet of water formed a small harbor to the lee of a sand-bar. 1935M. M. Atwater Crime in Corn-Weather i. 2 The little river—at this season no more than a network of shallow runnels between thirsty sand bars. 1968W. Warwick Surfriding in N.Z. 10/3 At a beach break..the takeoff area is always changing due to drifting sand-bars.
1884C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 168 *Sand-Bar Willow... Very common throughout the Mississippi River basin. 1975M. C. Davis Near Woods v. 64 A natural hedge of sandbar willows accompanied us for twenty yards or so into the lake.
1876H. B. Woodward Geol. Eng. & Wales vii. 169 Beds of concretionary sandstone or sandy limestone called ‘*sand bats’ or ‘sand burrs’.
1873F. Jenkin Electr. & Magn. xv. §1 This [galvanic] battery is made more portable by filling the cells with sand... In this form it is called the common *sand battery.
1624Heywood Captives i. iii. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, A short fellowe..*sand-bearded and squint eyde.
1862D. Wilson Preh. Man ii. (1865) 19 Superior Bay and its tributary rivers with their spits and *sand-belts. 1881F. Oates Matabele-Land (1889) 238, I went on with the waggons.., finally stopping on a sandbelt near a pan of water.
1892P. Benjamin Mod. Mechanism 763 The *sand-belt machine.
1887C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Afr. 390 Creeping and twining plant, found on the sea⁓shore; it is a good *sand-binder.
1852Mundy Our Antipodes (1857) 16 In New South Wales these storms sometimes cause the eye-blight, or *sand-blight, as the malady is indifferently called.
1922Chambers's Jrnl. XII. 428/2 The drifting sand held sway... Towns and villages were devastated by it... *Sand-blow alone did not complete the desolation. For months great areas were covered with water. 1934Antiquity VIII. 182 Vast sand-blows begun by cattle breaking down the dunes. 1980National Trust Spring 15/1 They were isolated from the sea by the extraordinary thirteenth- and fourteenth-century sand-blows.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Sand-blower, a device for powdering with sand a freshly painted surface, in order to make it resemble stone.
1817A. Bell Instr. Conduct. Schools (ed. 6) 8 The scholars copy..the capital printed letters on sand at the *sand board. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., Sand-board, a bar over the hind axle [of a vehicle] and parallel therewith. 1895Funk's Stand. Dict., Sand-board, in car-building, a spring-plank.
1910R. H. Johnson in Oil Investors' Jrnl. 20 Feb. 70/3 The necessity of conceiving the shape of the *sand body as something different from the shape of the actual oil-containing reservoir is of great importance. Ibid., I have found this of considerable value in predicting the shape of a ‘sand-body’. 1911― in Econ. Geol. VI. 809 In order to emphasize the importance of shape I have suggested that the term sand-body be adopted, from the analogy of the word ore-body, to describe the reservoir, i.e., continuous mass of sand or sandstones sufficiently porous to be capable of containing oil and gas in commercial quantities. 1927Petroleum Devel. & Technol. 1926 (Amer. Inst. Mining Engin. Petroleum Div.) 202 He is also enabled to determine such vital subsurface conditions as (1) porosity, (2) density, (3) saturation, and (4) thickness of sandbodies.
1937Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 2 Feb. 1/8 Dread ‘*sand boils’ bursting up in the heart of..Cairo [Illinois] forewarned of deeply undermined barriers guarding the..city today... The eruptions sprang from the terrific pressure of the flooded Ohio River waters slowly eating their way beneath the..levels. 1939W. Faulkner Wild Palms 24 Even those who..had probably never before seen more water than a horse pond..could (and did) talk glibly of sandboils. 1954Encounter Oct. 9/1 The owners of the..plantations along the Big River confederated..to hold the sandboils and the cracks. 1976C. S. Brown Gloss. Faulkner's South 167 A sandboil must be neutralized promptly. This is done by building a wall of sandbags around it so that a column of water will be built up above it to equalize the pressure.
a1683Shaftesbury in Gentl. Mag. (1754) XXIV. 160/1 A bowling green..long but narrow, full of high ridges..; they used round *sand bowls.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., *Sand Brake.
1883Stevenson Treas. Isl. xiii, This even tint was indeed broken up by streaks of yellow *sandbreak in the lower lands.
1871Kingsley At Last i, A little swamp of foul brown water, backed up by the *sand-brush.
1824Scott Redgauntlet Let. xi, A' the gangrel bodies that ye..find cowering in a *sand-bunker upon the links.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Sand-burned. 1876*Sand burr [see sand-bat].
1892Encycl. Cookery (ed. Garrett) I. 253 *Sand Cakes. Sand Cake with Marmalade (German).
1870H. A. Nicholson Man. Zool. I. Gloss., *Sand-canal, the tube by which water is conveyed from the exterior to the ambulacral system of the Echinodermata.
1854C. M. Yonge Castle Builders v. 63 The children are..dabbling after sea-weed and shells, and building *sand castles. 1925H. G. Wells Christina Alberta's Father i. iv. 95 They had..camped on the beach while Mr. Preemby and Christina Alberta had made sand-castles. 1975C. A. Haddad Moroccan i. 5 We tried to build a sandcastle romance out of our few short months in the [desert] sand. 1980D. Newsome On Edge of Paradise vii. 228 Playing like children on the beach..making sand-castles.
1934T. Wood Cobbers xvii. 219 You do not see it [sc. the Barrier Reef]... You see instead islands... Islands which are sand-cays covered with birds. 1937Geogr. Jrnl. LXXXIX. 138 *Sand-cays may occur on almost any reef, but they are most typical of the inner reefs of the outer barrier. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 972/2 During hurricanes, sand cays are liable to be swept clear of vegetation and may disappear completely in a single storm.
1865Student & Schoolmate June 177 One evening, fifty years ago, the noiseless ‘*sand-clock’ in Squire Allen's bar-room was fast running down. 1964Listener 24 Dec. 1011/3 The watch makers of Nuremberg were still turning out sand clocks on the egg-timer principle.
1839Bailey Festus xxxi. (1854) 517 The desert *sand-cloud or simoom.
1873Winfield (Kansas) Courier 11 Sept. 1/7 A weapon of a peculiarly dangerous and for a time mysterious nature..is a *sand club, formed by filling an eel skin with sand. 1912Punch 15 May 380/2 Incidentally I am pleased to know that Americans call a niblick a sand-club. 1977P. Alliss Play Golf with P. Alliss 57 If you play on a heavy course with hard muddy bunkers then you will need a sand club with a sharpish leading edge.
1848Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. I. 33 Other kinds of coal..leave a coke of the same form without caking. When pulverized, they leave a powdery coke. This variety is called *sand-coal.
1902Webster Suppl., *Sand cone, a low pinnacle of ice on a glacier, protected from melting by a layer of sand.
1894W. M. F. Petrie Tell El Amarna iv. 27 A tapering rod of metal was taken..; on the end of this was formed a core of fine sand... The rod and core were dipped in the melted glass... When the whole was finished, the metal rod in cooling would contract loose from the glass; it could then be withdrawn, the *sand core rubbed out, and the vase would be finished. 1933Antiquity VII. 421 In the technique of glass-manufacture..the process of pressing into a mould as distinct from modelling on a sand-core came into vogue. 1934Greece & Rome May 140 Vessels of glass made by the sand-core technique, a process well known in Egypt during the eighteenth dynasty. 1962D. Harden Phoenicians xi. 154 From the seventh to the third century sand-core fabrics made up the bulk of existing glass vessels.
1754J. Bartlet Gentleman's Farriery (ed. 2) 312 What is called a *sand-crack is a little cleft on the outside of the hoof. 1895J. G. Millais Breath fr. Veldt (1899) 102 His feet were so sore with sand-cracks he could not walk. 1903Somerville & ‘Ross’ All on Irish Shore 82 The glow from the fire illumined the smith's sardonic grin of remembrance. ‘She had a sandcrack in the near fore that time, and there's the sign of it yet.’ 1934A. Russell Tramp-Royal in Wild Austral. xix. 120 This in a country where the hooves of horses develop sandcrack. 1976Horse & Hound 3 Dec. 53 (Advt.), Daily use after sand-crack, seedy-toe, brittle or contracted feet, encourages the natural growth of healthy horn.
1856Thoreau Jrnl. 9 Apr. (1949) VIII. 268, I..sit on the edge of that *sand-crater near the spring by the railroad. 1883Science I. 67/2 ‘Sand-craters’..are shown to result from the wet quicksand being forced up through a vent..in the overlying clays.
1916Soil Sci. II. 208 The *sand culture solutions giving low yields of tops are characterized by a wide range in the Mg/Ca ratio. 1936Phytopathology XXVI. 279 Soil cultures were similarly prepared and kept with the sand cultures under the same conditions. 1940[see gravel culture s.v. gravel n. 9]. 1978Fluoride XI. 76 In Helianthus annus seedlings grown in sand culture for five weeks the concentration of fluoride in the root and shoot was generally proportional to the concentration in the substrate.
1879Stevenson Ess. Trav., Amateur Emigrants (1905) 23 That's a bonny hornpipe now,..they dance the *sand dance to it.
1905Daily Chron. 24 Feb. 6/3 Only an expert in *sand-dancing could have found a hair's-breadth of difference in their ability to sand-dance.
1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §1435. 683 The external walls to be of stone.., walled rough for stucco or *sand-dashing (rough-casting).
1901Lancet 16 Mar. 771/1 A number of small whirlwinds, called ‘*sand-devils’, which would pass slowly along sucking up quantities of sand and any light articles such as pieces of paper. 1977H. Innes Big Footprints iii. ii. 282 There was nothing visible..except here and there the dancing whirl of a sand devil.
1839H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall, etc. xiv. 445 Running streams of water arrest the progress of the *sand-drift.
1922Science 22 Sept. 341/2 The popular name of this chlorosis is ‘*Sand Drown’, a term referring to the fact that the disease is likely to occur in aggravated form in the more sandy portions of the field after heavy rainfall. 1968B. C. Akehurst Tobacco v. 96 Magnesium deficiency (called sand drown) is shown by a characteristic chlorosis that starts with the tips of the bottom leaves, spreads across them and moves up the plant in a similar manner.
1604Middleton & Dekker Honest Wh. i. i, What but faire *sand-dust are earths purest formes.
1677W. Harris tr. Lemery's Course Chem. 57 Place the Matrass in a small *Sand-fire digesting for a day. 1747tr. Astruc's Fevers 150 [The water] must be renewed as often as it is evaporated by the sand-fire.
1894Rafter & Baker Sewage Disposal in U.S. xiv. 267 *Sand filters have considerable capacity for storing the nitrogenous matter at one period and later on converting it into nitrates. 1977F. M. Middleton in H. I. Shuval Water Renovation & Reuse i. 13 Sand filters have been used for many years.
1814Scott Diary 9 Aug. in Lockhart Life, These lofty cliffs are all of *Sand-flag, a very loose and perishable kind of rock. 1822― Pirate vii.
1884C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iii. 10/2 A *sand-flask is then placed upon the board over the model.
1884C. T. Davis Bricks & Tiles 124 (Cent.) The brick shall contain no cracks or *sand-flaws.
1668Phil. Trans. II. 722 A *Sand-floud, which hath lately over⁓whelmed a great tract of Land in..Suffolk. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 301 The commencement of the sand-flood might have been long posterior to the formation of the greater portion of that continent.
1666Boyle Orig. Formes & Qual. ii. vii. 370 We very gently in a *Sand-Furnace distill off the Menstruum.
1787Grose Provinc. Gloss., Galls, *sand-galls, spots of sand through which the water oozes. Norf. and Suf. 1811Agric. Surv. Dumbart. 330 (Jam. s.v. Gaw) A few narrow sand gaws. 1876H. B. Woodward Geol. Eng. & Wales xiii. 409 The Chalk is worn away into pipes and hollows. Note. Called ‘Earth pots’ in Norfolk, and sometimes ‘Sand-galls’.
1936T. Tamura Art of Landscape Garden in Japan 225 (caption) A *sand garden carefully raked to print lines and waves. 1965‘S. Harvester’ Assassins Road iii. 32 The lighted windows showed patches as desolate as a Japanese sand-garden. 1975R. L. Duncan Dragons at Gate (1976) iii. 89 Calder only half heard what she was saying,..fixing his attention on the sand garden.
1960Spectator 16 Feb. 261/1 It's an uneasy, foreign respect—the sort one feels for minor, inscrutable Japanese arts such as Noh or sand-gardening.
1663S. Taylor Gavelkind ix. 113 In the same Lordship [of Rodely, Glos.] is also another called *Sand-gavel, which is..a Payment due to the Lord, for the liberty granted to the Tenents to Digg up Sand.
1527Chron. Calais (Camden) 103 Without paying..*sandgelt, wharfgelt [etc.].
1875Encycl. Brit. III. 599/1 Among the less ordinary geological phenomena [of the Bermudas] may be mentioned the ‘*sand glacier’ at Elbow Bay. 1897Geogr. Jrnl. IX. 286 Wind blowing outwards from a deep sand tract forms a horizontal plateau terminated by a talus as steep as the sand can rest. Under these conditions the encroachment of sand recalls the manner of advance of a glacier, and to this formation I restrict the term ‘sand glacier’. 1919Proc. R. Soc. Victoria XXXI. 416 The typical forms of sand accumulation known as ‘sand glaciers’, which have been described in various parts of the world are due to sand being blown up the sides of hills or mountains, thence finding a passage through any passes or saddles, and spreading out on the opposite sides to form wide fan-shaped plains. 1972Gloss. Geol. (Amer. Geol. Inst.) 627/2 Sand glacier. (a) An accumulation of sand that is blown up the side of a hill or mountain and through a pass or saddle, and then spread out on the opposite side to form a wide fan-shaped plain. (b) A horizontal plateau of sand terminated by a steep talus slope.
1766T. Amory Buncle (1770) IV. 110 It is found..sometimes in a powdery form, and then called gold-dust, or *sand-gold.
1906Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 203/1 *Sand Grain... A ground is laid as for etching; a sheet of sandpaper is then laid face downwards on the plate, which is passed through the printer's press with sufficient pressure for the grains of sand to pierce the ground. 1960H. Hayward Antique Coll. 248/1 A sand-grain aquatint is obtained from a plate which has been pulled through the press with a piece of sand paper to roughen its surface.
1896H. Lawson Let. 3 Sept. (1970) 62 W[estern] A[ustralia] is a fraud... The old *Sand-gropers are the best to work for or have dealings with. 1902J. H. M. Abbott T. Cornstalk i, In delicate reference to the nature of their country the West Australians are [called] ‘Sand-gropers’. 1934[see Bananaland]. 1946K. S. Prichard Roaring Nineties 214 ‘I'm a sand-groper,’ she snapped... ‘Don't know anything about London or Paris.’ 1974Sunday Tel. (Austral.) 30 June, Mining millionaire Lang Hancock has a sizeable number of sandgropers prepared to support his view that Western Australia should be detached from the rest of the nation.
1969Listener 6 Mar. 300/1 Natives of Blackpool are called *sand-grown men. 1972New Society 16 Nov. 394/2 The ‘sand-grown-'uns’ (the Blackpool-born).
1943Fortune Dec. 268 A British Tommy on the North African desert..may have gone..‘*sand happy’. 1944J. Gunther D Day 129 Many are what the officers call ‘sand-happy’; this is a phrase almost equivalent to punch-drunk, except that it does not mean lack of fighting instinct. 1961Times 14 Sept. 15/2 Captain Scott, weathered, expatriate, sand-happy.
1903Century Mag. Nov. 43/1 The tunnel workers, or ‘*Sand Hogs’, enter the lower chambers of the shield. 1904N.Y. Even. Post 11 Jan. 3 The men who are employed as ‘sandhogs’ or excavators in the caisson for the new Manhattan Bridge. 1940R. Chandler Farewell, My Lovely xiii. 98 He just got through working as a sandhog on the San Jack tunnel. 1965National Observer (U.S.) 13 Dec. 12/1 Those who view Mr. Sweeney and his Appalachian Commission associates as ‘sandhogs’ are the other poverty operations. 1977N. Hynd Sandler Inquiry xvii. 130 George McAdam was a ‘sandhog’. Ibid. 131 The sandhogs were the British agents in oil intelligence.
1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 96 Certain defects in Cast⁓lead..called by the Plumber Blow-holes and *Sand-holes. 1867G. F. Chambers Astron. 615 Air bubbles, striae, sand⁓holes,..of course,..are bad [in an object glass]. 1887[see sand vent]. 1896R. S. S. Baden-Powell Matabele Campaign xiii, While they scoop the muddy water from the sand⁓hole for their tea. 1897Encycl. Sport I. 457/1 Golf may be played..where the..whins, *sand-holes and banks, supply the conditions which are essential to the proper pursuit of the game. 1910W. de la Mare Three Mulla-Mulgars xx. 267 Home he goes to his leaf-thatched huddle or sand-hole. 1935W. Empson Poems 22 By jackal sandhole to your air flung wide.
1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 464 Jared Eliot..invented *sand-iron, or the making of iron from black sand, in 1761. 1862*Sandiron [see niblick]. 1881Forgan Golfer's Handbk. 28 He should..firmly grasp his weapon (Niblick or Sand-Iron).
1871Jrnl. Franklin Iust. Sept. 155 The blocks [for engraving] are protected with an open design..and the steam *sand jet directed upon them. 1900Daily Express 19 June 5/7 The switching-on of the sandjets [of a train].
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., *Sand Joint, the parting or joint between the different portions of the sand of a foundry mould.
1775B. Romans Conc. Nat. Hist. E. & W. Florida App. p. xli, We found ourselves surrounded by three very small low *sand keys (full of prickly pears). 1829in Amer. State Papers: Naval Affairs (U.S. Congress) (1861) IV. 968 An effort is now making to form a naval establishment on the insulated cluster of sand keys called the Dry Tortugas. 1837J. W. Williams Territory of Florida 23 Anclote Sound is sheltered on the west, by Anclote, Jacs and Sand Keys. 1880G. W. Cable Grandissimes v. 34 A beautiful land of low, evergreen hills..[looked] out across the pine-covered sand-keys of Mississippi Sound. 1930J. F. Dobie Coronado's Children xviii. 308 They landed the Laffites on a barren sand key with just enough provisions to keep them alive a few days. 1937Geogr. Jrnl. LXXXIX. 143 The reefs which bear a sand-key, and on which there is no sub-aerial accumulation of coral-shingle, have a least depth of water of 3 feet.
1843Penny Cycl. XXV. 456/1 Large letters..were formerly cast in sand-moulds, and hence called *sand-letters.
1910Encycl. Brit. IV. 521/1 The so-called *sand-lime bricks are now made on a very extensive scale in many countries. 1933Archit. Rev. LXXIV. 225/2 (caption) The whole of the internal walls are faced with cream sand-lime bricks. 1966W. G. Nash Brickwork I. i. 30 There are four classes of sand-lime bricks.
1287Yorksh. Inquisitions (Yks. Rec. Soc.) II. 61 *Sondemale, 10d. at Easter and Michaelmas.
1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 116 The *sand-man's delving spade. 1861Wehnert tr. Andersen's Tales (1869) 237 Of an evening, as soon as it begins to grow dark,..the Sandman comes.
1775Ash, *Sandmortar, mortar in which sand is a principal ingredient.
1843Holtzapffel Turning, etc. I. 325 Plaster of Paris and *sand moulds.
1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 55 There is hardly a single article..in wrought-iron the like of which the ingenuity of the *sand-moulder cannot produce in cast metal.
1843Min. Proc. Inst. Civ. Engin. II. ii. 147 The process was a kind of intermediate one between slop and *sand-moulding.
1902W. Hough in Rep. U.S. Nat. Museum 1900 467 The ceremonial *sand painting of the Hopi and Navajo, where the most beautiful effects are secured by allowing sand in slender streams of different colors to fall from the hand guiding it over the surface to form designs. 1908Encycl. Relig. & Ethics I. 826/2 The sand-paintings..may be regarded as actual pictorial prayers. 1963G. S. Maxwell Navajo Rugs (1973) iii. 47 Sandpainting rugs are woven copies of actual sandpaintings. 1978T. Hillerman Listening Woman i. 3 Tell me more about how these sand paintings got messed up.
1957J. Kirkup Only Child xiv. 188 There was a man who made wonderful sculptures in the damp sand... Once,..he made a low-relief *sand-picture of the Shields Town Hall. 1970G. Savage Dict. Antiques 369/2 Apart from the work of Zobel, sand-pictures are rarely signed, and must be identified from their characteristics. 1975Times 6 Dec. 11/5 A collection of sand pictures, mostly made in the Isle of Wight.
1835C. F. Hoffman Winter in West I. 148 A bevy of rosy little girls..were making ‘*sand pies’ on the bank of the river. 1980M. Drabble Middle Ground 181 Girls in a concrete playground, making sand pies.
1879Webster Suppl., *Sand-pillar, a sand-storm in desert tracts, like those of the Sahara and Mongolia.
1839Lyell in Lond. & Edin. Philos. Mag. XV. 257 On the tubular Cavities filled with Gravel and Sand called ‘*Sand-pipes’, in the Chalk near Norwich. 1905Daily Chron. 15 Dec. 5/5 The sand-pipes which are fixed in front of the wheels of the engine.
1818A. Eaton Man. Bot. (ed. 2) 291 On the *sand plains, at the foot of Pine-rock, in New-Haven, a [juniper] root..often sends off shoots. 1903Westm. Gaz. 18 Sept. 4/2 The sand-plains of Berlin.
1849Balfour Man. Bot. §1139 *Sand plants; as Carex arenaria, Ammophila arenaria [etc.] which tend to fix the loose sand. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXX. 232/2 (art. Life-boat) *Sand-plates.
1618Bolton Florus (1636) 267 The first field and *Sand-plot of civill Warre was Italy. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 163 The Bottom very foul, being Riffs of Coral Rocks, interspersed with small Sand-plots.
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin. s.v. Plug, A *sand plug..is..the ball of sand..with which the riser of a mould is covered while the metal is being poured at the ingate.
1415–16Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 612 Item in 2 uln. di. de canvas empt. pro 1 *Sand⁓poke, 10d. 1421–2Ibid. 228 Pro sandepokes.
1758Elaboratory 15 Procure a proper *sand-pot, and large plate for forming the sand-bath. 1877E. Leigh Chesh. Gloss., Sand Pot, a quicksand. Often met with in draining.
1865Harper's Mag. Apr. 573/2 A *sand-pump is a metal case from five to ten feet in length, constructed with a valve at the bottom. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Sand-pump. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 530/2 Sand-pump dredgers.
a1639Wotton in Reliq. (1651) 524 She trips to milk the *Sand-red Cow.
1883Century Mag. July 329/2 The *sand-reel..serves to lower or raise the sand-pump.
1879T. D. Forsyth in E. D. Morgan tr. Prejevalsky's From Kulja to Lob-Nor 27 The upheaval of the Gobi..causes an entirely independent direction of profile..to that of the *sand-ripples which cover it. 1897Geogr. Jrnl. IX. 279 The uniformity of the wind-ripple pattern is at all times remarkable. In water-formed sand-ripples no such uniformity has been recorded. 1941R. A. Bagnold Physics of Blown Sand & Desert Dunes xi. 144 A sand ripple is merely a crumpling or heaping up of the surface, brought about by wind action, and cannot be regarded as a true wave in a strict dynamical sense. 1960B. W. Sparks Geomorphol. xi. 248 The formation of sand ripples is closely connected with the process of saltation.
1798C. Smith Yng. Philos. IV. 276 They took the way above the excavation of *sand-rock where I sat. 1872Dana Corals ii. 155 These sand-banks..become cemented into a sand-rock.
1871Stormonth Dict., *Sand-scratches, in geol., rocks or rock-surfaces worn smooth, or marked with scratches and furrows, by sand carried by the wind passing over them.
1941R. A. Bagnold Physics of Blown Sand & Desert Dunes xiii. 188 Deposits caused directly by fixed obstructions in the path of the sand-driving wind... These *sand shadows and sand drifts are dependent for their continued existence on the presence of the obstacle. 1971I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xiii. 184/2 Left behind protecting shells or pebbles are elongate mounds of sand (‘sand-shadows’) which give the beach a distinctive appearance.
1855Patmore Angel in Ho. ii. xii. 1 While the shop-girl fitted on The *sand-shoes. 1916J. B. Cooper Coo-oo-ee xvi. 235 In the circumscribed space of the vessel, the men, clad in their blue dungarees, wearing white sand-shoes, prepared themselves for their future battles. 1931V. Woolf Waves 16 Those are Louis' neat sand-shoes firmly printing the gravel. 1948J. Betjeman Sel. Poems 79 Don't empty children's sand-shoes in the hall. 1965S. T. Ollivier Petticoat Farm vii. 96 Rather than walk the dusty road in their freshly cleaned sparkling white sandshoes the girls took a short cut across the paddocks. 1979Guardian 23 May 31/4 The sand shoe and school sandal look which was justifiably popular last summer.
1867Brande & Cox Dict. Sci., etc., *Sand Shot. In Artillery, small cast-iron balls; so called because they have always been cast in sand.
1928Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXVII. 805 Stripping machines are mounted on turntables, which bring the flasks within range of a *sand-slinger, and then delivers them to the mould conveyor. 1948J. E. Garside in H. W. Baker Mod. Workshop Technol. I. iii. 65 For the ramming of sand moulds, a machine known as the ‘sand slinger’ is often used. It ejects a stream of sand vertically downwards at a high speed, so that the sand is rammed by impact with the pattern.
1930T. S. Eliot tr. St.-J. Perse's Anabasis 49 These *sandsmokes that rise over dead river courses.
1855Piesse Perfumery viii. 166 *Sand Soap. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 931 Salicylic acid..followed by friction with pumice-stone or sand-soap, will [etc.].
a1849J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 264 A *sandspout out of that sandy ocean, upcurls. 1884J. Colborne Hicks Pasha 176 The sand-spouts, so frequent in these regions.
1843Min. Proc. Inst. Civ. Engin. II. ii. 145 The mould is dipped into water previous to its receiving the clay, instead of its being sanded as is the case in making *sandstock bricks. Ibid. 146 Sand-stock and slop-moulding. 1956Archit. Rev. CXIX. 257/2 Leicestershire *sandstock bricks are used in the panel on the west elevation. 1973Parade (Austral.) Oct. 28/3 ‘Sandstock’ (handmade) bricks were made from clay in the valley.
1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1824) I. 155 The *sand storm of Africa exhibits a very different appearance. 1928H. Crane Let. 27 Apr. (1965) 325 Efforts for a foothold in this sand⁓storm [sc. Hollywood] are still avid. 1966‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 139 We missed the old..weather... Missed our blinding sandstorms even. 1978A. & G. Ritchie Anc. Monuments Orkney 43 The people who were forced to abandon their homes in the final sandstorm had been using essentially the same sort of pottery vessels as their ancestors who founded the settlement.
1820Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. II. 448 note, Garboard-strake, or *sand⁓strake, is the first range of strakes or planks laid..next the keel. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.
1812N. J. Hollingsworth Address Madras Syst. Educ. p. ix, To the finger and *sand-table may succeed the pencil and slate. 1911Encycl. Brit. XX. 728/2 To get rid of them [sc. impurities] the esparto pulp when washed and bleached is run from the potcher into storage chests, from which it is pumped over a long, narrow serpentine settling table or ‘sand-table’. 1928Daily Tel. 7 Aug. 4/4 A thorough groundwork of tactical knowledge has been formed by sand-table and week-end schemes during the winter. 1955F. G. Patton Good Morning, Miss Dove 13 One group..modelled clay caribou for the sand table. 1963R. R. A. Higham Handbk. Papermaking ii. 67 With rifflers and sand tables the stock is passed at approximately 0·5% consistency along narrow channels. 1969E. H. Pinto Treen 423 The sand table is a very ancient device and may be referred to by Isaiah ‘Now go write it before them in a table’. 1971J. Wainwright Last Buccaneer ii. 243 ‘What..is a sand-table?’..‘It's usually a tray, filled with sand. The army uses them. It's possible to mould the sand into the contours of geographic locations for demonstrating military tactics.’
[1817A. Bell Instructions for Conducting Schools through Agency of Scholars Themselves ii. i. 68 For writing on sand, smooth and level (trays or) boards, ten inches wide, with ledges on every side of an inch deep..are prepared.] 1893N. & Q. 25 Mar. 233/1 Economy being a great feature in the plan, the *sand trays..were adopted. A full account of the system was published by the S.P.C.K. in 1840. 1968Guardian 23 Aug. 7/6 A livid deputation approached me, waving the kitten's sand-tray. 1972Country Life 6 Jan. 31/2, I was also interested in the 19th-century sand tray or abacus in the north aisle. This was used for teaching children to write with a wooden stick on the sand.
1814Trans. Geol. Soc. II 532 *Sand Tubes. 1841Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 276 note, What are termed sand-tubes appear to be formed by the passage of lightning through a sandy soil which it fuses in its passage. 1857Gosse Omphalos 202 Implements by which the sand-tube [of a Terebella] is thus built up. 1871Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 195 An annular passage surrounding the sand tube. 1875Encycl. Brit. II. 67/2 Large coherent masses of coarse gravel and sand-tubes are formed..by Sabellaria.
1888Lockwood's Dict. Mech. Engin., *Sand Valve, the valve by which the escape of sand from the sand box of a locomotive is regulated.
1887Archit. Publ. Soc. Dict., Sandhole in stone; also called a *sand vent. A deposit of sand in a block of stone.
1637–8Maldon (Essex) Borough Deeds (Bundle 149 No. 3), Warne all..ferrymen, marshmen, and *sandwalkers within your townshippe..to be and appeare before our..vice-admirall.
a1661Fuller Worthies, Cambs. (1662) i. 159 Crossing Humber in a Barrow⁓boat, the same was *sand-warpt, and he drowned therein. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Sand-warpt, left by the tide on a shoal. Also, striking on a shoal at half-flood.
1901Science 4 Jan. 38/1 From this point the party worked down the *sandwash of Rio San Ignacio (or Rio Altar) to the coast of the Gulf of California, where the Tepoka Indians lived until recently. 1937Discovery Jan. 24/1 The sand⁓washes surrounding the wells in the Gobi. 1948Sierra Club, S. Calif. Chapter, Schedule No. 129. 69 The campsite will be in the sand wash at the mouth of the Fan Hill Canyon.
1819Keats Ode Melancholy, Then glut thy sorrow on..the rainbow of the salt *sand-wave. 1899Geogr. Jrnl. XIII. 624 The sand-waves which corrugate the beds of streams and rivers. 1902‘Mark Twain’ in Harper's Mag. Jan. 269/2 He started on a run, racing in and out among the sage-bushes a matter of three hundred yards, and disappeared over a sand-wave. 1917Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer. XXVIII. 915 Cross⁓bedding..probably represents in many instances one phase of a phenomenon called sand waves, which are nothing more than current-made ripple-mark[s] of mammoth proportions... The crests are often 15 to 35 feet apart and rise from 2 to 3 feet above the troughs. 1939W. H. Twenhofel Princ. Sedimentation vi. 190 The sand waves or antidunes move up-current as the individual sands move down-current. 1978Nature 14 Sept. 101/2 Sandwaves are the largest scale of bedform.., with average heights and wavelengths markedly larger than those of megaripples.
1937H. Longhurst Golf i. xxii. 196 No chapter on bunker play would be complete without a description of..the..*sand wedge. 1952Chambers's Jrnl. May 298/1, I couldn't use a sand-wedge in a bunker because I hadn't the strength to swing it. 1971‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird xv. 215 Wallace Brady..landed in the long, pale trap in front of the green and stayed there doing explosive shots with a sand-wedge.
b. In the names of animals, etc., as sand asp, ? = sand-lizard; sand-badger, (a) a Javanese badger, Meles ankuma; (b) the Indian badger, Arctonyx collaris, also called sand bear; sand-beetle (see quot.); sand bird, a bird whose habitat is the seashore, esp. the sandpiper; sand boa, a snake of the genus Eryx, found in north and east Africa and south and east Asia; sand-bug, (a) a member of the family Galgulidæ; (b) N. Amer., a sand-wasp, Ammophila arenaria (Ogilvie 1855); (c) a burrowing crab, Hippa talpoida; sand-clam, N. Amer., the common Long Clam, Mya arenaria; sand cock, the redshank; sand-collar = sand-saucer (Cent. Dict.); sand crab, (a) a crab of the family Ocypodidæ; (b) the Lady Crab, Platyonichus ocellatus; also fig.; sand-creeper [? a. Du. *zandkruiper], a South African fish; sand-cricket, U.S., a cricket belonging to the genus Stenopelmatus, esp. S. fasciatus; sand dab, (a) either of two eastern North American flat-fishes, the American plaice, Hippoglossoides platessoides, or the windowpane, Scophthalmus aquosus; (b) dial. = dab n.2; sand dart, a moth, Agrotis ripæ; sand-darter, an etheostomine fish of the genus Ammocrypta, esp. A. pellucida (Cent. Dict.); sand-diver, a West Indian lizard fish, Synodus intermedius (Webster Suppl. 1902); sand dollar, a flattened, irregular sea urchin belonging to the order Clypeastroida; sand fiddler U.S., a small burrowing fiddler crab of the genus Uca; sand-fish, (a) a fish of the family Trichodontidæ, esp. one of the genus Trichodon (Cent. Dict.); (b) a book-name for Diplectrum formosum; (c) S. Afr. = moggel; (d) S. Afr., the beaked salmon, Gonorhynchus gonorhynchus; sand flea, (a) = chigoe; (b) U.S., a crustacean belonging to the genus Orchestia; (c) a brine-shrimp, Artemiasalina; sand fluke dial., a flat-fish, Pleuronectes microcephalus; sand-gaper = sand-clam; sand goanna, an Australian monitor lizard, Varanus gouldii; sand goby, the common goby, Pomatoschistus minutus; sand-hopper, a crustacean, Talitrus locusta; also, a sand flea of the genus Orchestia; sand-hornet, a sand-wasp; esp. one of the family Crabronidæ (Cent. Dict.); sand-jumper = sand-hopper; sand-lance, sand-launce = sand-eel 1; sand lizard, (a) a common European lizard, Lacerta agilis; (b) U.S., a fringe-toed lizard of the genus Uma or the striped race-runner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus; sand lob = sand-worm (Cent. Dict.); sandlurker = pride n.2; sand martin, a variety of the martin, Riparia riparia, which nests in the side of a sand-pit; sand-mason, a burrowing polychæte tube-worm belonging to the genus Lanice; also attrib.; sand-mole [Du. zandmoll], a mole of the S. African species Bathyergus maritimus; sand monitor, (a) the land-crocodile, Monitor or Psammosaurus arenarius (Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1887); (b) = sand goanna; † sand-mussel (see quot.); sandnecker, a flat-fish, Platessa limandoides; sand-partridge, a partridge of the genus Ammoperdix (Cent. Dict.); sand-peep, a familiar name in the U.S. for various small sandpipers; sand perch U.S., a small bass, Roccus americanus, found in marine and fresh water in eastern North America; sand pigeon, (a) see quot.; (b) the stock-dove, Columba œnas (E.D.D.); sand-pike (see pike n.); sand plover, a local name for plovers of the genera ægialitis and Squatarola; sand-prey, -pride = pride n.2; sand rat, a N. American rat of the genus Thomomys, esp. T. talpoides; sand roller, the trout perch (Webster Suppl. 1902); sand-runner, a sand-plover or sandpiper (Newton); sand-saucer (see quot.); sandscrew, an amphipod, Lepidactylis arenaria; sand-shark, (a) U.S., a kind of shark (see quot. 1884); one belonging to the family Carchariidæ, esp. Carcharias taurus; (b) Australia, a variety of ray-fish (see quot. 1882); = guitar-fish s.v. guitar n. b; sand shell, a yellow river mussel, or naiad (Lampsilus anodontoides) of the Mississippi River; also, applied to L. rectus (Webster Suppl. 1902); sand shrimp, a shrimp, esp. Crangon vulgaris (Cent. Dict.); sand-skink, a skink found in sandy places; esp. Seps ocellatus (ibid.); sand-skipper = sand-hopper; sand-smelt, the smelt Atherina presbyter; sand-snake, (a) a snake of the genus Eryx = ammodyte 1; (b) = desert-snake (Cent. Dict.); sand-snipe (see quot.); sand-sole, the sole Solea lascaris; sand-star, a starfish of the genus Ophiura, esp. O. texturata; sand-sucker, (a) the flat-fish Platessa limandoides; (b) U.S., a popular name for soft-bodied animals which hide in the sand, as ascidians, holothurians, or nereids (Cent. Dict.); sand-swallow (see quot.); sand-viper, (a) = sand-snake (a); (b) local U.S., a snake of the genus Heterodon (Cent. Dict.); sand-wasp, a digger-wasp (see digger 4, quot. 1847); sand whiting, (a) see quot. 1883; (b) the Carolina whiting Menticirrhus Americanus (Webster Suppl. 1902); sand-worm, the lug-worm Arenicola marina or piscatorum. Also sand-eel, -fly, -grouse, -lark, sandpiper, etc.
1833Coleridge Love's Apparition, A ruined well, Where the shy *sand-asps bask and swell.
1873Proc. Zool. Soc. 761 Two *Sand-badgers (Meles ankuma..), presented. 1894Lydekker Roy. Nat. Hist. II. 89 The sand-badger..(Arctonyx collaris).
1883Encycl. Brit. XV. 440/1 The best-known species is Arctonyx collaris, the *Sand-Bear.
1854A. Adams, etc. Man. Nat. Hist. 188 *Sand-Beetles (Trogidæ).
1709J. Lawson New Voy. Carolina 151 The *Sand-Birds are about the Bigness of a Lark, and frequent our Sand-Beaches. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 213 Sand birds, Tringa parva. 1878Masque Poets 51 Far off some sand-bird pipes its evening song. 1917T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. I. 234 White-rumped Sandpiper..Sand-bird.
1910R. L. Ditmars Reptiles of World iv. 233 The *Sand Boas, Eryx, are degenerate burrowing species,..with a flat body, very stumpy tail, a small head,..and tiny eyes. 1970E. Afr. Standard 23 Jan. 6/4 These [snakes] include..a sand boa and two boa constrictors.
1854A. Adams, etc. Man. Nat. Hist. 242 *Sand-Bugs (Galgulidæ). 1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 779 The Sand Bug—Hippa talpoida, Say. This is..related to the Hermit Crabs.
1809Kendall Trav. II. xlvii. 144 Rich in fish and in *sand-clams (sabella granulata).
1804T. Bewick Birds II. 91 Redshank. Red-legged Horseman, Pool Snipe, or *Sand Cock (Scolopax calidris Lin.).
1844J. E. DeKay Zool. N.Y. vi. 6 This [sc. Platycarcinus irroratus] and the succeeding species [sc. P. sayi] are both designated by our fishermen as the Spotted Crab and *Sand Crab. a1851J. G. Dalyell Powers of Creator I. 183 Cancer (portunus) pusillus.—The Sand Crab. 1877Encycl. Brit. VI. 642/1 The swift-footed sand-crabs (Ocypoda) are exclusively terrestrial. 1883Sweet & Knox On Mexican Mustang through Texas 24 The calling of each other names, such as ‘sand-crabs’ and ‘mud-turtles’, is one of the harmless ways in which they ventilate their spleen. 1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 774 The ‘Lady Crab’, or ‘Sand Crab’ [Platyonichus ocellatus], is abundant..from Cape Cod to Florida. 1946K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xii. 199 The little cream sand-crabs swift as impatient foam. 1952W. J. Dakin Austral. Seashores xv. 190 The sand bubbler-crab... This little crab may be found..resting at the bottom of a vertical chimney-like burrow. 1955V. Palmer Let Birds Fly 108 No, you ol' sandcrab, you don't know Charlie.
a1672Willughby Hist. Pisc. (1686) App. 24 [Pisces Indici] *Sand Creeper Belgis. 1731Medley Kolben's Cape G. Hope II. 203 There is a fish at the Cape call'd a Sand-Creeper, from its keeping near sandy shores.
1885Standard Nat. Hist. (1888) II. 185 Throughout the Rocky Mountain region..are found several species of large, fierce looking insects... They are popularly known as *sand-crickets.
1839D. H. Storer Rep. Ichthyol. Mass. 143 Platessa dentata..known by the fishermen as the ‘*Sand-dab’ in the Boston market. 1880–4Day Fishes Gt. Brit. II. 33 Of Yorkshire it [Pleuronectes limanda] is..abundant, and known as the ‘sand-dab’ at Redcar. 1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 197 The Sand Dab, or Rough Dab, Hippoglossoides platessoides..is taken in winter by the line fishermen of New England. 1903T. H. Bean Fishes N.Y. 726 Sand Dab..is also known as the rusty dab. 1924J. O. La Gorce et al. Bk. Fishes 15/1 The Sand Dab, lying on the sand, has harmonizing blotches imprinted all over the upper part of its body. 1954J. Steinbeck Sweet Thursday xxiv. 155 Joe Elegant ordered sand dabs for supper.
1880O. S. Wilson Larvæ Brit. Lepid. 243 Agrotis ripæ, Hub. The *Sand Dart.
1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 839 The ‘*Sand Dollar’, or ‘Flat Sea Urchin’ (Echinarachnius parma), of the New England coast. 1884Bull. U.S. Nat. Museum No. 27. 123 The so-called ‘sand dollar’..inhabits the east coast. 1923N. & Q. 18 Aug. 133/1 The stone pies appear to be the fossilized remains of certain echinoderms kindred to the North American sand-dollar. 1962[see keyhole n. 4]. 1969R. Lowell Notebk. 1967–68 70 His face an azure sand-dollar on the pail of a child. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 6 Nov. 17-a/4, I stare down at the water-stained sand, hoping to find a sand dollar.
1852C. H. Wiley Life in South 30/1 *Sand-fiddler,..the local name for a small animal of the shell-fish kind. 1973Publ. Amer. Dial. Soc. lx. 1 The long beaches are left to the sun and the surf, the sand fiddlers, the gulls and the pelicans.
1896Jordan & Evermann Fishes N. & Mid. Amer. i. 1207 *Sand-fish. 1925Ann. S. Afr. Mus. XXI. 125 Beaked Salmon or *Sand Fish... Greyish brown above, silvery below. 1946L. G. Green So Few are Free x. 135 The sandfish..migrates at spawning time. 1947[see moggel]. 1949Vesey-Fitzgerald & Lamonte Game Fish of World v. 375 The sandfish, a species of Labeo characterised by the inferior position of the mouth, is another common inhabitant of this river system [sc. the Olifants river]. 1953J. L. B. Smith Sea-fishes S. Afr. 87 Sandfish or Beaked Salmon (Austral.).
1796Stedman Surinam xiv. 352 The chigoe..is a kind of small *sand-flea, that gets in between the skin and the flesh. 1848Bartlett Dict. Amer., Sand-Flea, or Beach-Flea (Genus, Orchestia. Leach). 1884E. Ingersoll in Harper's Mag. Aug. 391/2 You are surrounded by clouds of little sand⁓fleas (Artemia salina).
c1640J. Smyth Hund. Berkeley (1885) III. 319 The *sand flooke, resemblinge the sole. 1880–4Day Fishes Gt. Brit. II. 29 Pleuronectes microcephalus... Sand-fleuk, Edinburgh.
1887G. B. Goode, etc. Fisheries U.S. v. II. 580 English books and people call it [Mya arenaria] the ‘*sand-gaper’, the ‘old maid’, &c.
1968K. Weatherly Roo Shooter 119 A *sand goanna..has no respect for snakes at all; he would give most of them a very rough time of it.
1911F. Ward Marvels of Fish Life ii. 13 The *sand goby..merely scoops out a hollow. 1935D. B. Wilson Life of Shore & Shallow Sea viii. 88 Sand gobies..could not possibly see the bait. 1971Nature 21 May 150/2 Other workers have found that the scarcity of the sand goby in inshore waters is matched by an increase offshore.
1790Hassell Tour Isle of Wight II. xxv. 131 Another particular species of fish..to which they give the name of *Sandhopper, from its motion, which consists of a hop or bound, like that of a grasshopper; in all other respects it resembles a shrimp, as well in make as in colour. 1818Sporting Mag. II. 158 Such insects as ‘sea-lice’ and ‘sand-hoppers’. 1871Darwin Desc. Man ii. ix. 337 The male sand-hopper (Orchestia) does not acquire his large claspers..until nearly full-grown.
1900Crockett Little Anna Mark xviii, Pools to dabble your feet in..out among the dulse and the *sand-jumpers.
1776Pennant Brit. Zool. III. 137 *Sand Launce. 1864P. H. Gosse in Gd. Words 358 What is this writhing, wriggling thing, that looks like a narrow tape of burnished silver? It is a Sand-launce. 1905D. S. Jordan Guide to Study of Fishes II. xxix. 521 The small family of sand-lances..comprises small, slender, silvery fishes, of both Arctic and tropical seas. 1975New Yorker 12 May 80/3 The sand lances had both the length and the diameter of standard pencils.
1855Ogilvie Suppl., *Sand-lizard. 1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 734/1 The Sand-Lizard (Lacerta agilis), which is confined to some localities in the south of England. 1910R. L. Ditmars Reptiles of World iii. 173 The Sand Lizard or Striped Race-Runner..is the only species of its genus ranging into the southeastern portion of the United States. 1915E. G. Boulenger Reptiles & Batrachians i. iv. 81 The Sand Lizard..is a very local creature with us, confined to sandy heaths. 1928Bunker's Mag. Jan. 73 The little sand lizards so common in West Texas possess the same ability to snap off their tails when they get into a tight corner. 1954R. C. Stebbins Amphibians & Reptiles Western N. Amer. 224/1 Buried sand lizards can sometimes be frightened from the sand. 1979Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXVII. 405/2 The heathland..is the habitat of reptiles such as the smooth snake and sand lizard.
1859–62Richardson, etc. Mus. Nat. Hist. II. 111/1 The various names of Prid, Pride, Sandpride, *Sand⁓lurker [etc.].
1668Charleton Onomast. 90 Hirundo riparia..the *Sand, or Bank Marten. 1678,1774[see martin1]. 1884Cassell's Fam. Mag. Mar. 220/1 Steep banks of sandstone, riddled with the holes of the sand⁓martin.
a1851J. G. Dalyell Powers of Creator (1853) II. 183 Terebella littoralis, seu arenaria. The *Sand Mason. 1935E. G. Boulenger Nat. Hist. Seas v. 77 Another common worm is the Sand Mason.., the tubes of which few can have overlooked. 1977Radio Times 12–18 Nov. 19/1 Now he has photographed the denizens of mudflats: sea urchins, sand-mason worms, and the dog-whelk.
1850A. White Pop. Hist. Mammalia 232 Another member of this family..is also a native of South Africa: this is the Coast Rat or *Sand-Mole (Bathyergus maritimus).
1975H. G. Coggar Reptiles & Amphibians Austral. 236/1 Gould's Goanna or *Sand Monitor... A widespread species subject to considerable geographic variation in colour, pattern and size.
1681Grew Musæum i. vi. ii. 147 The *Sand-Muscle. Tellina. They live much in the Sand.
1835L. Jenyns Man. Vertebr. Anim. 459 Platessa Limandoides, Nob. (*Sandnecker).
1872Coues Key N. Amer. Birds 254 This species and the last are usually confounded under the common name of ‘*sandpeeps’.
1878C. Hallock Sportsman's Gazetteer 378 *Sand Perch, or Bachelor Perch;..Apparently a cross between the yellow belly and silver perch. 1946Richmond (Va.) Times-Dispatch 4 Aug. iv. 4-d/2 There is always the likelihood of catching..sand perch and blue-nosed perch. 1965A. J. McClane Stand. Fishing Encycl. 737/1 The sand perch..is one of the small sea basses distributed from North Carolina to Texas.
1884Coues Key N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 562 The Sand-grouse (better *Sand-pigeons) or Pterocletes.
1842Macgillivray Brit. Ornith. II. 52 Charadrius Hiaticula. Ringed *Sand-Plover. Ibid. 53 Charadrius Cantianus. Kentish Sand-Plover. 1889Parker Catal. N. Zealand Exhib. 116 (Morris) But two genera of the group [Wading Birds] are found only in New Zealand, the Sand-plover and the Wry-billed Plover.
1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes II. 459 The Pride, and *Sandpride. *Sandprey, and Mud lamprey.
1781Pennant Quadrupeds II. 466 *Sand Rat. Mus Arenarius. 1894–5Lydekker Roy. Nat. Hist. III. 149 In size the naked sand-rats (Heterocephalus) may be compared to a common mouse.
1894A. Newton Dict. Birds iii. 813 *Sand-runner, like the foregoing [sc. sand-plover], but perhaps sometimes used more for Sandpiper. 1913H. K. Swann Dict. Eng. & Folk-Names Brit. Birds 205 Sand Runner: The Dunlin. Also the Ringed Plover and the Sanderling on the Humber. 1979Bull. Yorks. Dial. Soc. Summer 7 We would find eggs on the sand at the sea side of the Point laid by a bird we called a sand runner.
1885Standard Nat. Hist. (1888) I. 346 The egg masses of the Nauticas bear the common name *sand-saucers.
1863Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. III. 623 *Sand-screw, Sutcator arenarius... So called from the odd movements which it makes when laid upon dry sand, wriggling along [etc.].
1882J. E. Tenison-Woods Fishes N.S. Wales 93 Rhinobatus granulatus, blind or *sand shark. 1884Goode, etc. Nat. Hist. Aquatic Anim. 671 The Sand Shark—Odontaspis littoralis. This species..is found..from New England southward to Charleston. 1938A. H. Verrill Strange Fish ix. 92 Certain species of sharks..may be considered harmless to man. Such are the sand-sharks and dogfish. 1949W. W. Small in Vesey-Fitzgerald & Lamonte Game Fish of World v. 381 A sandshark (really a shovelnose skate)..can give an angler hell. 1961E. S. Herald Living Fishes of World 17/2 Sand sharks—Family Carchariidæ. 1968D. O'Grady Bottle of Sandwiches 51 He said it was only a sand-shark, or shovel-nose.
1871Darwin Desc. Man ii. ix. 334 This same naturalist separated a male *sand-skipper (so common on our sea-shores), Gammarus marinus, from its female.
1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes I. 214 The Atherine, or *Sandsmelt.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Ammodytes..or *sand-snake, from its sand-like colour. 1896Lydekker Roy. Nat. Hist. V. 193 From their allies, the sand-snakes are distinguished by the small scales being either smooth or singly keeled [etc.].
1848Zoologist VI. 2137 All the sand-pipers..are indiscriminately known as ‘*sand-snipes’ [Leicestershire].
1880–4Day Fishes Gt. Brit. II. 42 Solea lascaris... The..‘*sand⁓sole’ from the localities it frequents.
1841E. Forbes Brit. Starfishes 23 Common *Sand-star. Ophiura texturata. Lam. Ibid. 27 Lesser Sand-star. Ophiura albida. Forbes.
1862Günther Cat. Fishes Brit. Mus. IV. 405 Hippoglossoides limandoides. The rough Dab or *Sandsucker. 1876Smiles Sc. Natur. xiv. (ed. 4) 287 Amongst the rare fishes caught by them were the Sandsucker, Platessa limandoides [etc.].
1797T. Bewick Birds I. 258 Sand Martin. (Cotile riparia.)..*Sand Swallow. (Hirundo riparia.)
1668Charleton Onomast. 30 Ammodites,..the *sand Viper. 1896Lydekker Roy. Nat. Hist. V. 233 Another well-known poisonous European snake is the long-nosed, or sand-viper (Vipera ammodytes).
1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 257 The Blue *Sand-wasp. 1896tr. Boas' Text-bk. Zool. 270 Sand-wasps (Crabronidæ, Pompilidæ). These..have a simple trochanter, a stalked abdomen, and a sting.
1776Pennant Brit. Zool. III. 207 The next baits in esteem are..*sand worms, muscles, and limpets. 1896Lydekker Roy. Nat. Hist. VI. 435 We may take as our first example [of the group Tubicola] the sand-worm (Arenicola piscatorum).
c. In the names of plants: sand blackberry (see quot.); sand cherry N. Amer., a shrub or small tree, Prunus pumila, of central North America, or a related species, P. besseyi, of the western states; also, the fruit of these plants; sand elm, a variety of elm, Ulmus suberosa; sand flower = sandwort; sand grass, (a) any species of grass which grows in sand and serves the purpose of a sand-binder (see quots.); (b) N.Z. = pingao; † sand-hooker tree = sand-box tree (see sand-box 3); sand-jack (see quot.); sand-leek, the rocambole, Allium Scorodoprasum (Cassell's Encycl. Dict. 1887); sand lily, (a) U.S., a stemless rhizomatous herb, Leucocrinum montanum, belonging to the family Liliaceæ and bearing clusters of fragrant white flowers; (b) a bulbous plant, Pancratium maritimum, belonging to the family Amaryllidaceæ, native to the Mediterranean region, and bearing fragrant white flowers; = sea-daffodil s.v. sea n. 23 f; sand myrtle, a small evergreen shrub, Leiophyllum buxifolium, of the family Ericaceæ, native to eastern North America and bearing pink or white flowers; sand-oat = sand-reed; sand pear, an oriental species of pear, Pyrus pyrifolia; sand pine, pink (see quots.); sand-reed, the marram grass, Ammophila arenaria; cf. marram 1; sand rocket, the wall mustard; † sand-rush U.S., perh. Equisetum arvense; sand-sedge = sand-reed; sand spurry, a plant of the genus Spergularia (Cent. Dict.); sandstay (see quot.); sand verbena N. Amer., a trailing herb of the genus Abronia, belonging to the family Nyctaginaceæ, found in western North America, and bearing clusters of fragrant red, yellow, or white flowers; sand-weed = sandwort; sand-willow, Salix fusca; sand wood (see quot.).
1847W. Darlington Amer. Weeds (1860) 128 Rubus cuneifolius,..*Sand Blackberry.
1778J. Carver Trav. N. Amer. 30 Near the borders of the Lake [Michigan] grow a great number of *sand cherries. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 168 On its banks are found amazing quantities of sand cherries. 1800A. Henry Jrnl. 17 Aug. in E. Coues New Light Early Hist. Greater Northwest (1897) I. ii. 40 We found an abundance of sand-cherries, which were of an excellent flavor. 1970J. H. Gray Boy from Winnipeg 55 When we tired of that [sc. swimming] we would go picking sand-cherries.
1878Encycl. Brit. VIII. 152/1 The Dutch or *Sand Elm is a tree very similar to the wych elm.
1916W. de la Mare Songs of Childhood (rev. ed.) 80 Alliolyle where the *sand-flower blows Taught three old apes to sing. 1937Dylan Thomas in Life & Letters Spring 70 He stumbled on over sand and sandflowers like a blind boy in the sun.
1856Gray Man. Bot. (1860) 556 Triplasis purpurea (*Sand-Grass)... In sand, Massachusetts to Virginia along the coast, and southward. 1857Henfrey Bot. §594. 426 The sand-grasses, Elymus arenarius, Arundo arenaria,..are valuable binding weeds on shifting sandy shores. 1905*Sand grass [see pingao]. 1959A. McLintock Descr. Atlas N.Z. 31 Planting of sand grass, lupins, and, in places, pines..is needed to protect farm land.
1796Stedman Surinam II. xxiii. 164 The *sand⁓hooker tree..receives its name from the fruit, which being divested of its seed, is used as a sand-box by writers.
1884Sargent Forests N. Amer. 153 Quercus cinerea Michaux... Upland Willow Oak. Blue Jack. *Sand Jack.
1909Webster, *Sand lily, a white-flowered scapose liliaceous plant..of the western United States. 1929Encycl. Brit. XIX. 939/1 Sand Lily..native to plains and mountain valleys from South Dacota and Nebraska west to California. 1951T. H. Kearney et al. Arizona Flora 177 The star-lily or sand-lily..is to be looked for in northern Arizona. 1956G. Durrell My Family & Other Animals xvi. 215 The smooth curve of the dune..was the only place on the island [sc. Corfu] where these sand lilies grew, strange, misshapen bulbs buried in the sand, that once a year sent up thick green leaves and white flowers above the surface. 1973Hitchcock & Cronquist Flora Pacific Northwest 691 Fl[ower]s white, rather showy, borne in clusters... Sand lily, star lily.
1814F. Pursh Flora Americana I. 301 Ammyrsine buxifolia..known by the name of *Sand-myrtle among the inhabitants of New Jersey. 1845–50Sand myrtle [see myrtle n. 2 b]. 1882Harper's Mag. June 71 Of the smaller shrubs now in bloom we find the sand-myrtle, with its terminal umbel-like clusters of small pinkish flowers. 1943R. Peattie Great Smokies & Blue Ridge 266 Tangled growths of rhododendrons..with some amounts of mountain laurel, blueberry, smilax, and occasionally sand myrtle.
1881Encycl. Brit. XII. 60/1 The dunes show a tendency, except where the Dutch prevent it by planting wood or *sand-oats, to wear away on the side towards the sea.
[1629J. Parkinson Parad. iii. xxi. 593 The *Sand peare is a reasonable good peare, but Small.] 1880[see Kieffer]. 1951Dict. Gardening (R. Hort. Soc.) IV. 1722/2 Sand Pear... Edible var[ietie]s are grown in China and Japan.
1884Sargent Forests N. Amer. 199 Pinus clausus Vasey... *Sand Pine.
1852Cottage Gard. Dict. (ed. G. W. Johnson) 325 Dianthus arenarius (*sand pink).
1805Edin. Rev. Oct. 109 In Iceland, the grain of *sand-reed approaches so nearly to maturity, that [etc.]. 1849W. H. Harvey Sea-Side Bk. i. 12 The sand-reed..naturally grows on the sandy shores of Europe. 1879Scribner's Monthly Sept. 651/1 After laboriously cleaning their fish, they laid them among the sand-reeds. 1910Encycl. Brit. XIII. 590/2 The most common plant here is the stiff sand-reed. 1975M. C. Davis Near Woods i. 3 On a wave-lashed slope, this sand reed measures land's end.
1857Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. I. 153 Sinapis muralis (*Sand-rocket).
1805Lewis & Clark Trav. Missouri, etc. (1815) II. xii. 2 The..*sandrush, and narrow dock, are also common.
1842J. B. Fraser Mesopot. & Assyria xv. 361 There is no combat here, such as when the sand-reed or *sand-sedge..endeavours to climb above the perpetually accumulating sands.
1866*Sand spurry [see spurrey 2]. 1960Oxf. Bk. Wild Flowers 112/2 The Cliff Sand Spurrey (S. rupicola), found on rocky coasts in the south and west, has glandular hairy stems... Sand Spurrey (S. rubra), common in sandy and gravelly places, is a rather hairy plant.
1889J. H. Maiden Usef. Pl. Australia 642 Leptospermum lævigatum..‘*Sandstay’... This shrub is the most effectual of all for arresting the progress of drift sand.
1898A. M. Davidson Calif. Plants 174 The wild four o'clock and the *sand verbena are classed in this group [of beautiful weeds]. 1929Encycl. Brit. XIX. 940/1 The white sand-verbena,..with very numerous fragrant flowers, occurs from Iowa to Idaho. 1946D. C. Peattie Road of Naturalist i. 16 Pervading the sunny waste with fragrance, rose sprawling sand-verbenas.
1849D. G. Rossetti Let. 18 Oct. (1965) I. 78 Curse the big mounds of *sand-weed!
1786J. Abercrombie Arrangem. in Gard. Assist. 35/2 *Sand willow, downy leaved.
1840Paxton Bot. Dict. s.v., *Sand-wood. Bremontiera Ammoxylon.
Add:[10.] [a.] sand-barite Min. [barite n.] = rock-rose n. 5.
1906H. W. Nichols in Publ. Field Columbian Museum Geol. Ser. III. 31 (heading) *Sand-barite crystals from Oklahoma. 1923Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. III. 102 Barite and especially the form known as ‘sand barite rosettes’, has long attracted attention as one of the most widely disseminated of Oklahoma minerals. 1947Rocks & Minerals XXII. 706 Farther north in the Baharia Oasis sand barite crystals are found in the Nubian Sandstone. 1962Amer. Mineralogist XLVII. 1189 Sand-barite analogs of sand-calcite single crystals were discovered recently by Mr. Everett Hill on land adjoining his ranch..south of Hot Springs, South Dakota. 1983S. I. Tomkeieff et al. Dict. Petrol. 494/2 Rock rose,..a local Oklahoma term for sand barites.
▪ III. sand, v.|sænd|
[f. sand n.2]
1. trans. To run (a ship) on a sandbank; also pass. of a person, to be run aground.
1560Jewel Answ. to Cole's 3rd Let. 98 b, Although ye be sanded, & set aground, yet ye kepe vp the sail stil, as if ye had water at your will. 1592W. Wyrley Armorie 129 This skyphier haue I seen through dotage To sand his ship in calme and quiet floud. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. i. ii. iv. iii. (1651) 148 Seamen..when they have been sanded or dashed on a rock, for ever after fear that mischance.
2. To sprinkle with or as with sand.
c1374Chaucer Troylus ii. 773 (822) This gardeyn was large and rayled all þe aleyes..and sonded alle þe weyes. 1453in S. Bentley Excerpta Hist. (1831) 391 Þat the place where þat the said bataille shalbe be..wel graveled and sanded. 1607Hieron Wks. I. 154 If now, when the way is thus sanded forth vnto you, you will say, as they did of old, ‘We will not walke therein’. Ibid. 414 If we desire fame, we see here the way sanded out vnto vs; Doe worthily, and be famous. 1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 34 All these Paths should be sanded. 1742Young Nt. Th. ix. 2308 This wide waste of worlds; this visto vast, All sanded o'er with suns. 1818Moore Fudge Fam. Paris xii. 62 He wrote,—Upon paper gilt-edged,..Then sanded it over with silver and azure. 1870F. R. Wilson Ch. Lindisf. 102 The floors are sanded in the most primitive country-inn fashion. 1883Harper's Mag. Oct. 716/1 Tawdry modern cast-iron work, ‘sanded’ to represent stone. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 472 The skin [in myxœdema] becomes rough and scaly, almost as if it were sanded.
3. a. To overlay with sand, to bury under a sand drift; also to sand up, sand over.
1624Sanderson Serm. I. 224 This weather, that flood, such a storm, hath blasted our fruits, sanded our grounds [etc.]. 1789Trans. Soc. Arts I. 222 That vessel perished..in Dunbar Bay, and..was thought to be sanded up. 1860Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 39 Should the broken tree be sanded over,..it will be difficult..to find the..channel. 1881M. A. Lewis Two Pretty G. I. 239 The hay crop in the Lower Croft had been hopelessly sanded. 1918Galsworthy Five Tales ix. 61 They would..sand up his only well in the desert. 1956Peterson & Fisher Wild Amer. xxxiv. 369 Novashtoshnah, which means ‘the new growth’ (newly sanded up from island to peninsula), is the northeast point of St. Paul.
b. To put sand upon (land) as a dressing.
1721J. Edmonds in Mortimer Husb. I. 101 'Tis now..twenty four Years since he sanded it first. 1867Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. Ser. ii. III. ii. 662 The heaviest clay lands are being sanded to a depth of 3 or 4 inches.
4. To intermix sand with (sugar, wool, etc.) for purposes of fraud.
1848Kingsley Yeast xv, To sand the sugar, and sloe-leave the tea. 1880in Goode, etc. Hist. & Meth. Fish. (Fish. Industr. U.S. v.) 1887 II. 840 To affirm..that the packers in question were sanding their sponges would not perhaps be justifiable. 1892Walsh Tea (Philad.) 133 Sanding or adulterating with a variety of mineral matter, chiefly iron or steel filings, to add to the weight.
5. a. To grind or polish with sand. Also in phr. to sand and canvas (orig. Naut. slang.), to clean thoroughly; also fig.
1858Skyring's Builders' Prices (ed. 48) 90 Old Sienna,..or other similar marbles,..sanded, polished, and re-set. 1912J. Masefield in Eng. Rev. Oct. 345 Unless you're clean we'll sand-and-canvas you. 1914Dialect Notes IV. 151 Sand and canvas,..to clean. 1933P. A. Eaddy Hull Down 187 The Mate was anxious to get on with the ‘sand and canvasing’ of the bright work.
b. = sandpaper v.
1928E. W. Hobbs Mod. Furnit. Veneering vii. 84 The wood finish..is sprayed on, allowed about three hours to dry, and sanded lightly with No. 400 waterproof paper and water. 1939Pattou & Vaughn Furnit. ii. vi. 197 Sand all first coaters with the grain and do not lap the sanding more than necessary. 1958Listener 11 Sept. 399/1 After sanding the piece of furniture, you will be using oil paint to give a hard, durable surface. 1976F. E. Sherlock Enjoying Home Carpentry & Woodwork xi. 116 When the project has been glued and cleaned-up.., it must be sanded.
6. intr. To become clogged or bunged up with sand.
1926Summary of Operations, California Oil Fields (Calif. State Mining Bureau) Oct. 9 The well..stopped of its own accord, probably sanding up. |