| 释义 |
prestation|prɛˈsteɪʃən|
[a. F. prestation (1272 in Godef. Compl.) action of lending, tendering, etc., ad. L. præstātiōn-em, in late L. a payment, in med.L. esp. a feudal due, n. of action f. præstāre: see prest v.1, prestate.]
a. The action of paying, in money or service, what is due by law or custom, or in recognition of feudal superiority; a payment or the performance of a service so imposed or exacted; also, the performance of something promised.
1473Rolls of Parlt. VI. 66/1 That no prises, exactions nor prestations, shal be sette uppon their persones or goodes. 1607Cowell Interpr., Ayde..in the common lawe, it is applied..sometime to a prestation due from tenents to their Lords, as toward the releife due to the Lord Paramount..or for the making of his sonne knight, or the marying of his daughter. a1670Hacket Cent. Serm. (1675), Not..as if the richer and mightier Church did, or could bind the smaller to the prestation of her customs. a1754Sir J. Strange Reports II. 879 The bishop libelled in the spiritual court, suggesting that Dr. Gooche, as arch⁓deacon of Essex, tenetur solvere 10l. due to the bishop as a prestation, for the exercise of his exterior jurisdiction. 1788Reid Active Powers v. vi. 667 It is obvious that the prestation promised must be understood by both parties. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages I. ii. ii. 144 The military tenant..was subject to no tribute, no prestation, but service in the field. 1868Act 31 & 32 Vict. c. 101 Sched. (y), No. 2 The yearly feu duties and the whole other prestations. 1890Gross Gild Merch. I. 195 The gild merchant with the right to exact money requisitions or prestations from the brethren as well as from non-gildsmen trading in the town. 1973Proc. Gen. Board of Faculties Oxf. Univ. CXXXIII. 568 The directive also lays down that in the case of provision (‘prestation’) of services [etc.]... This expression refers to a short visit to another country in order to provide services on a temporary or transient basis.
b. prestation-money: see quots.
1536in Strype Eccl. Mem. (1721) I. App. lxxix. 187 The Archdeacons had their acquittance of the Bp. by the name of Prestation-mony. 1607Cowell Interpr. s.v. Commissarie, The Bishop taking prestation money of his arch⁓deacons yearely. Ibid., Spiritualties of a Bishop..be those profits which he receiueth, as he is a Bishop, and not as he is a Baron of the Parlament{ddd}[e.g.] prestation money, that subsidium charitatiuum, which vppon reasonable cause he may require of his Clergie. 1710J. Harris Lex. Techn. II, s.v.
c. Anthrop. A gift, payment, or service that forms part of some traditional function in a society, given or due either to specific persons or to the group.
1889W. R. Smith Lect. Relig. of Semites xi. 403 The very idea of an execution implies a public function, and not a private prestation. Ibid. 413 Even in the theology of the Rabbins penitence atones only for light offences, all grave offences demanding also a material prestation. 1935B. Malinowski Coral Gardens I. vi. 204 Since the English language has a really unaccountable and intolerable gap, I am deliberately introducing here the word ‘prestation’ in the French sense, that is, of legally defined services to be tendered by one individual or group to another. 1951Jrnl. R. Anthrop. Inst. LXXXI. 35/2 In Kachin type systems it is an exchange of women for gifts (prestations). Ibid. 51/1 The ‘prestations’..may not only take on a variety of forms, they may have several quite different structural functions. 1954I. Cunnison in Mauss's Gift p. xi, There is no convenient English word to translate the French prestation so this word itself is used to mean any thing or series of things given freely or obligatorily as a gift or in exchange; and includes services, entertainments, etc., as well as material things. 1957M. Fortes in R. Firth Man & Culture 178 Exogamy is evidently enforced without exception, as we should expect with a jural obligation that..is validated by prestations on both sides. 1967F. Barth in R. Firth Themes in Econ. Anthropol. 152 The rights of the cultivator as user as distinct from owner are expressed in the symbolic prestation of one pot of beer to the title holder after each harvest. 1968R. Needham et al. tr. Lévi-Strauss's Elem. Struct. Kinship (1969) vi. 77 The ufuapie exchange prestations which are economic, legal, matrimonial, [etc.]. 1973Sci. Amer. July 74/1 In general anthropologists have argued that the goods are a ‘prestation’, which has been defined as the act of paying in money or service what is due by law or custom. |