| 释义 |
▪ I. bodkin|ˈbɒdkɪn|
Forms: 4 boidekyn, boytekyn, bode-, boydekynne, 4–5 boyde-, bodekyn, 5 boddekyn, 6 boddkynne, botken, -kin, bodkyn, bodkine, 7 (boidkene), 5– bodkin.
[Of unknown etymology: the orig. form in Eng. was boydekin, boidekyn, in 3 syllables. The form naturally suggests a dim. in -kin: but no primitive of the required form appears in Eng. or other related language. The phonetic history is also difficult.
(In default of finding it elsewhere, the derivation has been sought in Celtic. The Welsh biˈdogyn ‘ little dagger’, fixed on by some, must be discarded, both because it is accented on the penult, and because the ME. word was itself adopted in Welsh as bwytkin; but some still think it possible that boydekin may have originated in some kind of corruption of Ir. bideog, Gael. biodag, Welsh bidog dagger.)]
†1. A short pointed weapon; a dagger, poniard, stiletto, lancet. Obs.
1386Chaucer Reeve's T. 40 Slayn of Symkyn With panade or with knyf or boidekyn [v.r. boydekyn, boytekyn, Boydekynne]. c1430Lydg. Bochas vi. xii. (title), Victorious Julius Cæsar..was murdred with bodkins. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 49 One of his disciples tooke a boddekyn & prikked him in his feete. 1535Coverdale 1 Kings xviii. 28 They..prouoked them selues with knyues & botkens [1611 lancets]. 1547Salesbury Dict. Eng. & Welsh, Bwytkin, a bodkyn. 1580Sidney Arcadia 276, I..doe defie thee, in a mortall affray from the bodkin to the pike vpward. 1602Shakes. Ham. iii. i. 76 When he himselfe might his Quietus make With a bare Bodkin. 1657Trapp Comm. Esther iv. 3 This was now a bodkin at their hearts. [1850A. Jameson Leg. Monast. Ord. (1863) 137 The long bodkin with which those wicked Jews pierced his side.]
2. A small pointed instrument, of bone, ivory, or steel, used for piercing holes in cloth, etc.
c1440Promp. Parv. 42 Boydekyn or bodekyn, subucula, perforatorium. 1555Fardle Facions ii. x. 212 About the poincte of the chinne thei haue a feawe heares as it ware pricked in with Bodkins. 1589Pappe w. Hatchet (1844) 28 Wee challenge him at all weapons from the taylors bodkin to the watchmans browne bil. 1602Plat Delightes for Ladies iii. xxx, Make little holes in the Cowcumber first with a wodden or bone bodkin. 1609A. Craig Poet. Recreat. 4 Who according to the antient custome hath bored his eare with a boidkene. 1785Reid Int. Powers ii. xix. 325 A spire at a very great distance seems like a point of a bodkin.
3. A long pin or pin-shaped ornament used by women to fasten up the hair.
1580Baret Alv. B 875 A bodkine or big needle to crest the heares, discriminale. 1635J. Taylor (Water P.) in Harl. Misc. IV. 218 Women's masks, busks, muffs, fans, perriwigs, and bodkins. 1714Pope Rape Lock v. 95 Then in a bodkin grac'd her mother's hairs. 1716Lady M. W. Montague Lett. x. I. 32 Their hair is..set out with three or four rows of bodkins (wonderfully large, that stick out two or three inches from their hair). 1820Scott Monast. xvii, She undid from her locks a silver bodkin around which they were twisted. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. II. iii. iv. 118 A rude bodkin of bone..employed in fastening the dress. 1864Longfellow King Olaf viii. viii, 'Tis the bodkin that I wear When at night I bind my hair.
†b. A frizzling-iron. Obs.
1580Baret Alv. B 874 A bodkine or fine instrument that women curle their heare withall..a friseling iron.
4. A needle-like instrument with a blunt knobbed point, having a large (as well as a small) eye, for drawing tape or cord through a hem, loops, etc.
1714Pope Rape Lock ii. 128 Wedg'd whole ages in a bodkin's eye.
5. Printing. An awl-like tool used to pick out letters in correcting set-up type.
1846Print. Apparatus Amateurs 17 The bodkin is used to pick out such of the types as are misplaced.
6. transf. (colloq.) A person wedged in between two others where there is proper room for two only; esp. in phr. to ride bodkin or sit bodkin.
[1638Ford Fancies iv. i. (1811) 186 Where but two lie in a bed, you must be—bodkin, bitch-baby—must ye?] 1798Loves of the Triangles 182 (L.) While the pressed bodkin, punched and squeezed to death, Sweats in the midmost place. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair II. 241 (Hoppe), He's too big to travel bodkin between you and me. 1872F. Montgomery Thrown Together ii. 62 The three called a hansom outside, and Cecily..sat bodkin.
7. Comb. and attrib., as bodkin-case, bodkin-work; bodkin-wise adv.; bodkin-beard, a pointed, dagger-shaped beard.
a1529Skelton Elynour R. Prol. 82 Scarfes, feathers, and swerds, And thin bodkin beards. 1591Lyly Endym. iii. iii. 36 Whether I shall frame the bodkin beard or the bush. 1565Golding Ovid's Met. iv. (1593) 97 Both his shankes do grow In one round spindle bodkin-wise with sharpned point below. 1828Scott F.M. Perth I. 41, I will have no more close hugs—no more bodkin work.
▪ II. ˈbodkin, v.
[f. prec.]
trans. To make a bodkin of, squeeze in as a bodkin; cf. bodkin n. 6.
1791Gibbon Let. 31 May in Mem. (1839) 354 If you can bodkin the sweet creature into the coach.
▪ III. bodkin
(Ods bodkins!) var. of bodikin.
▪ IV. bodkin, bodkin-work
variant of baudekin. |