| 释义 |
Satan|ˈseɪtən|
Also 3–5 saton, 5 satone; 3–7 sathan, 4, 6 sathane, 5 sathon(e.
[a. L. Satān (Vulg., only in the O.T.) = Gr. σατάν or σατᾶν (once in the LXX and once in the N.T.), a. Heb. ṣāṭān adversary, one who plots against another, f. ṣāṭan to oppose, plot against.
In the Old Testament the Heb. word ordinarily denotes a human adversary, but in some of the later portions (Job, Chron., Zech., Ps. cix) it occurs (chiefly with definite article) as the designation of an angelic being hostile to mankind, who tempts men to evil and accuses them to God. In both applications the ordinary rendering of the LXX is διάβολος slanderer (see devil n.); the more accurate ἐπίβουλος (plotter) occurs once; the one instance in which the Heb. word is retained (1 Kings xi. 14) relates clearly to a human enemy, but may have been misapprehended. In the Gr. N.T. the ordinary form is σατανᾶς (once only σατᾶν), which is followed by the Vulgate and hence by Wyclif (see Satanas); but the English versions from Tindale onwards (including the Rheims N.T.) all substitute the Heb. form Satan. Cf. OF. Sathan, Satan, Fr., Sp., It., G. Satan.
The pronunciation |ˈsætən|, which is mentioned disapprovingly by Walker (1828), and is ignored in later Dictionaries, was still not uncommon in British liturgical and pulpit use c 1900.]
1. The proper name of the supreme evil spirit, the Devil. See devil n. 1 and Lucifer 2.
Now always with capital S.
a900Cynewulf Christ 1522 (Gr.) Farað nu..on ece fir, þæt wæs Satane..ᵹeᵹearwad. a1000Cædmon's Gen. 347 (Gr.) Satan maðelode, sorᵹiende spræc. a1300XI Pains of Hell 17 in O.E. Misc. 147 Wiltu ihere me sathan. a1300Cursor M. 12023 Þou wreche sede o felunny! Werck o dred, sun o sathan [Fairf. saton, Gött. sathane, Trin. sathone]. Ibid. 19884 For-sakes þou sathan [Gött. sathane, Trin. satone]. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ix. 61 For þei seruen sathan her soule shal he haue. c1425Cast. Persev. 552 in Macro Plays 93 Be Satan, þou art a nobyl knawe to techyn men fyrst fro goode! 1550J. Coke Eng. & Fr. Heralds §117 (1877) 93 Dyvers bysshopes of Rome, beynge annabaptystes, heretyques, scismatiques, and chyldren of Sathan. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 10 To saue vs... Fra Sathanis subteltie and slycht. 1590Shakes. Com. Err. iv. iv. 57, I charge thee Sathan, hous'd within this man, To yeeld possession to my holie praiers. 1622Gataker Spirituall Watch (ed. 2) 54 No marvaile if Sin and Sathan finde free entrance at will. 1847Tennyson Princess v. 32 Satan take The old women and their shadows! (thus the king Roar'd).
fig.1843Carlyle Past & Pr. iv. i, Could he [the modern preacher] but find the point again... Will he discover our new real Satan, whom he has to fight; or go on droning through his old nose-spectacles about old extinct Satans?
¶b. In the etymological sense of ‘adversary’, with allusion to Matt. xvi. 23, Mark viii. 33.
1685Baxter Paraphr. N.T., Matt. xvi. 23 To hinder us in God's work and mens Salvation, is to be Satans to us. O how many Satans then are called reverend Fathers, who silence and persecute men for God's work.
†2. In wider sense: A devil. Obs.
a1668Davenant Man's the Master v. 67 A thousand Sathans take all good luck. a1688Bunyan Jerus. Sinner Saved (1886) 103 We in all likelihood are to possess the very places from which the Satans by transgression fell.
b. Applied to a person or animal as a term of abhorrence. Now rare.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. iv. 509 That villanous abhominable mis-leader of Youth, Falstaffe, that old white-bearded Sathan. 1600W. Watson Decacordon (1602) 9 How many Sathans and begotten of the diuell did he tearme them? 1754Richardson Grandison III. i. 9, I called her a little Satan. 1867A. J. Wilson Vashti xi, My mistress will say it was my fault, and she will stand by the grey satans [sc. ponies] through thick and thin. 1900G. Swift Somerley 148 Let me go! you fiends! you Satans! let me go!
3. attrib. and Comb., as Satan-mad; Satan monkey, the black saki, Chiropotes satanas, which is found in dense forest in parts of South America and has thick reddish-black fur; Satan shrimp, any ‘shrimp’ of the family Luciferidæ.
1918W. de la Mare Motley 51 Not simple happy mad like me,..But that foul Satan-mad.
1906E. Ingersoll Life of Animals: Mammals 44 (caption) Black Saki, Cuxio, or Satan Monkey. 1941J. S. Huxley Uniqueness of Man ix. 205 Others, like..the Satan monkey with his fine beard, are curiously reminiscent of ourselves. |