| 释义 |
▪ I. bonding, vbl. n.|ˈbɒndɪŋ|
[f. bond v. + -ing1.]
1. a. Building. The binding or connecting together (bricks, stones, or parts of a structure) by making them overlap and hold together; also, binding or strengthening by means of bonders. Also gen., the binding or connecting together of any substances esp. by adhesion. Hence concr., a material or substance used for bonding.
1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 257 The well-working and bonding of Brick-walls conduces very much to their strength. 1879Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. II. 36 The bonding of [pilaster strips] by alternate vertical & horizontal stones. 1958Spectator 30 May 691/2 Its special undercoating provides a bonding of immense strength.
b. attrib.
1852Wright Celt, Rom. & Sax. v. 158 The Roman bricks or tiles..were built in as bonding courses. 1864Even. Standard Oct., A [Roman] wall..consisting of regular ashlar, alternating with rows of bonding tiles. 1884Health Exhib. Catal. 93/2 Bonding Bricks for hollow walls. 1917Machinery's Encycl. V. 318/2 Bonding or junction coatings can be freely applied to brick, metal, or porcelain connections with the metal spray. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio iv. 84 The iron oxide is distributed throughout the bonding material. Ibid. 244 The two ends [of the magnetic tape] are overlapped and fixed together by an adhesive or bonding agent.
c. Electr. The connecting of metal parts with an electrical bond (cf. bond n.1 13 d); spec. in aircraft (see quot. 1940).
1910A. Hay Electr. Distributing Networks xv. 206 A third form of bonding device..consists of a tinned copper strip soldered to the lead sheathing and screwed to the side of the sealing chamber of the joint-box. 1911Whittaker's Electr. Engin. Pocket-bk. (ed. 3) 527 Bonding may have some minor advantages, but it is better for all systems of armoured cables to be split up into sections, the metallic sheathing of each section being isolated. 1922Flight XIV. 519/2 Electrical Bonding (in the case of aircraft fitted with Wireless Apparatus).—Methods of jointing—Points where bonding is necessary and position of same. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 102/2 Bonding, electrical connexion of all available metal on an aircraft, in order to give earth-capacity for wireless purposes.
2. The action of pledging under bond to the repayment of money borrowed.
1877Burroughs Taxation 407 The assent..of the taxpayers to the bonding of the town.
3. The storing of goods in bond; hence bonding-house, -warehouse.
1865Draper Intell. Dev. Europe iv. 96 This implied an extensive system of depôts and bonding. 1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. iv. iii. (1876) 552 Bonding-houses offer great..advantages to those who import taxed commodities.
Add:[1.] d. Chem. The formation of a chemical bond (bond n.1 13 e); the linkage provided by such a bond.
1940Glasstone Text-bk. Physical Chem. v. 375 The atomic radii generally tabulated are those for univalent bonding and a co-ordination number of four, since these occur most frequently. 1947E. B. Maxted Mod. Adv. Inorg. Chem. i. 72 It will be seen that the tetrahedral, sp3, type of bonding leaves the d orbitals unaffected. 1969R. F. Chapman Insects iii. 54 Bonding does not occur within the salivary gland because of the reducing conditions and dielectric effects produced by companion materials. 1973[see pi n.1 3]. 1984Greenwood & Earnshaw Chem. of Elements (1986) xxvii. 1346 The likelihood of π-bonding and attendant charge transfer makes a simple crystal-field treatment inappropriate.
4. Anthropol. The formation of an emotional bond between two individuals, or between an individual and a group; spec. the establishment of strong ties between a parent (esp. a mother) and a child, considered by some to result from physical contact immediately after birth. male bonding: see *male n.2; pair-bonding: see pair n.1 9.
1965[see pair-bonding vbl. n. s.v. pair n.1 9]. 1967R. Fox Kinship & Marriage i. 38 Some writers have maintained that the lack of ‘oestrus’..in human females, leads to the setting up of nuclear families... The argument..probably both overestimates the human male and underestimates primate bonding tendencies. 1975Lancet 16 Aug. 317/1 Intensive therapeutic work with families, in which child abuse had occurred, suggested that bonding failure related in part to the pregnancy, perinatal experience and early ill health of the abused proband and parents. 1977J. & J. Lennane Hard Labour vii. 118 There is a theory current at present that mother-baby ‘bonding’ will be defective if the mother does not touch, and preferably hold, the baby within minutes of the birth, their relationship possibly being thereby adversely affected for life. 1981M. Tudor Child Devel. 165/1 Bonding is beginning to replace the word attachment in the more current literature. 1985G. T. Nurse et al. Peoples of Southern Afr. v. 113 One result of this type of bonding is that when a man changes bands, he takes with him not only his own family but his hunting partner and his family as well. 1986Times 10 Sept. 11/1 Despite the vogue for ‘new fatherhood’, with its emphasis on birth and bonding and baby baths, few people would dare to stereotype a good father in the same way as they do a good mother.
▪ II. bonding, ppl. a. Chem.|ˈbɒndɪŋ|
[f. bond v. + -ing2.]
That forms a bond or bonds (*bond v. 6 b); esp. designating an orbital that may be hybridized to form a bond, or an electron occupying such an orbital.
1923G. N. Lewis Valence vi. 83 We may suppose that the normal state of the hydrogen molecule is one in which the electron pair is symmetrically placed between the two atoms. In sodium hydride, on the other hand, we may regard the bonding pair as lying nearer to the hydrogen than to the sodium, making the hydrogen negative. 1931Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LIII. 1367 These rules provide information regarding the relative strengths of bonds formed by different atoms,..the relation between the quantum numbers of bonding electrons and the number and spatial arrangement of the bonds, etc. 1965Phillips & Williams Inorg. Chem. I. iv. 104 A lone-pair of electrons appears to occupy a relatively larger volume than does a bonding-pair. 1974Gill & Willis Pericyclic Reactions i. 23 The lowest orbital ψ1 is clearly a bonding orbital since it has no nodes on the bond axis and its energy is less than α. 1984Greenwood & Earnshaw Chem. of Elements (1986) iv. 112 There is one strongly bonding 4-centre orbital above each of the 4 faces. |