| 释义 |
▪ I. satyr|ˈsætə(r)|
Forms: α. (repr. L. satyrus, pl. satyrī) 4 satirus; pl. 4–6 satiri, satyri, (4–5 satiry, satury, satarye). β. 5–7 satyre, 6 satyer, 6–8 satire, 6– satyr.
[ad. L. satyrus, a. Gr. σάτυρος. Cf. F. satyre, Sp. sátiro, Pg., It. satiro.]
1. a. Myth. One of a class of woodland gods or demons, in form partly human and partly bestial, supposed to be the companions of Bacchus.
In Greek art of the pre-Roman period the satyr was represented with the ears and tail of a horse. Roman sculptors assimilated it in some degree to the faun of their native mythology, giving to it the ears, tail, and legs of a goat, and budding horns.
In the English Bible the word is applied (without precedent either in the LXX or the Vulgate) to the hairy demons or monsters (Heb. ṣ⊇ﻋīrīm) of Semitic superstition, supposed to inhabit deserts.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 1516 (1544) And þis, on euery god celestial I swere it ȝow,..On euery Nymphe and deyte infernal On satury and fawny more and lesse, Þat halue goddes ben of wildernesse. c1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 169 Þere is ofte by nyȝte i-seie fire, fauni, and satyri. 1390Gower Conf. II. 171 The Greks..Sein ek that of the helles hihe The goddes ben in special, Bot of here name in general Thei hoten alle Satiri. 1484Caxton Fables of Auian xxii, The wodewose or Satyre ledde the pylgrym in to his pytte. 1569J. Sandford tr. Agrippa's Van. Artes 111 The woode Satires. 1581G. Pettie Guazzo's Civ. Conv. iii. (1586) 157 A milkemaide of the countrie, who will haue as good a grace amongst other women, as a Satyre would haue amongst the Nymphes. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. vii. xv. (1886) 122 They have so fraied us with bull beggers, spirits, witches, urchens, elves, hags, fairies, saytrs, pans, fauns, sylens [etc.]. 1594Nashe Terrors Nt. Wks. (Grosart) III. 222 Fawnes, Satyres, Dryades, & Hamadryades. 1595Locrine v. iv. 203 You Driades and lightfoote Satiri. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. ii. 140 So excellent a King, that was to this Hiperion to a Satyre. 1611Bible Isa. xiii. 21 Satyres [1885 (Revised) satyrs (margin or he⁓goats)] shall daunce there. 1700Congreve Way of World iii. xviii, Sure I was born with budding Antlers like a young Satyr. 1848A. Jameson Sacr. & Leg. Art (1850) 64 The head has the god-like ugliness and malignity of a satyr.
b. fig. as the type of lustfulness.
1781Cowper Conversat. 38 The heathen law-givers of ancient days,..Would drive them forth from the resort of men, And shut up ev'ry satyr in his den. 1877Ruskin Laws Fesole I. 206 The essential character of Renaissance art,—the pride of Thieves, adorned by the industry of Fools, under the mastership of Satyrs.
¶c. The confusion between the words satiric and satyric gave rise to the notion that the satyrs who formed the chorus of the Greek satyric drama had to deliver ‘satirical’ speeches. Hence, in the 16–17th c., the frequent attribution to the satyrs of censoriousness as a characteristic quality. See also satire n. 4.
1580Lodge Repl. Gosson's Sch. Abuse 36 They presented the liues of Satyers, So that they might wiselye vnder the abuse of that name, discouer the follies of many theyr folish fellow citesens. 1593Greene Mamillia ii. To Rdrs., Let Momus mocke, and Zoilus enuie,..yea, let the sauage Satyre himselfe, whose cynicall censure is more seuere than need, frowne at his pleasure. 1650B. Discolliminium 46 A..lumpe, compounded of..Satyres Splens, Polecatts Lites.
2. A kind of ape (so Gr. σάτυρος); in modern use, the orang-utan, Simia satyrus. rare.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. xcvi. (1495) 842 Some ape is callyd Satirus, plesynge in face wyth mery meuynges and playenges. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 558 Other Apes there are store, and as Solinus reporteth, Satyres with feet like Goats, and Sphynges, with breasts like women. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 188 For their Solitariness called Men of the Woods, or more truly Satyrs. 1776Burney Hist. Mus. (1789) I. ii. 304 Satyr is a name given by some authors to the Orang-outang, or man of the woods. 1780Ann. Reg. 196 Gough..unchained a large fierce animal..it proved to be a man satyr... Gough is a dealer in wild beasts. 1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc., s.v., In Zoölogy, the ourang-outang..is sometimes called satyr.
3. Any butterfly of the group Satyridæ.
1871Newman Brit. Butterflies 77.
†4. Cant. (See quot.) Obs.
1714A. Smith Lives Highwaym. (ed. 2) II. 136 He left off picking Pockets, and got into a Gang of Satyrs who are Men living wild in the Fields, that keep their Holds and Dwellings in the Country and forsaken Places, stealing Horses, Kine, Sheep, and all other sort of Cattle.
†5. Her. = satyral. Obs.
1889[see satyral].
6. attrib. and Comb., as satyr-brood, satyr-dance, satyr forest, satyr-shape, satyr-spring, satyr-talk, satyr train; satyr-charming, satyr-footed, satyr-hairy, satyr-haunted, satyr-like, satyr-shrewd adjs.; satyr-drama = satyric drama; satyr-pug, a British geometer moth, Eupithecia satyrata.
1924E. Sitwell Sleeping Beauty i. 11 Smiling dim as *satyr-broods.
1883J. G. Whittier Bay of Seven Islands 31 Calm as the hour, methinks I feel A sense of worship o'er me steal; Not that of *satyr-charming Pan.
a1746Holdsworth Rem. Virgil (1768) 23 Virgil here speaks of a feast just like this; and of the Pan or *Satyr-dance.
1850J. Leitch tr. C. O. Müller's Anc. Art §386 (ed. 2) 499 The old *satyr-drama.
1598E. Guilpin Skial. (1878) 35 Thys leaden-heeled passion is to dull, To keepe pace with this *Satyre-footed gull.
1933E. Sitwell Five Variations 2 Mowhair for *satyr forests.
1953― Gardeners & Astronomers 29 Like the first budding of the small red *satyr-hairy leaves upon the fruit-boughs.
1924― Sleeping Beauty xv. 53 From *satyr-haunted caverns drip These lovely airs on brow and lip.
1835Poe in Southern Lit. Messenger I. 637/2 *Satyr-like figure of Mentoni himself. 1882‘Ouida’ Maremma I. viii. 187 The figure of a shepherd, satyr-like and clad in goatskin.
1869Newman Moths 126 The *Satyr Pug.
1850Tennyson In Mem. xxxv, In his coarsest *Satyr-shape.
1928Blunden Retreat 38 And almost catch the horned and rude Woodgod at gaze ere *satyr-shrewd He dodges by.
1922E. Sitwell Façade 7 Like red Furred buds of *satyr-springs long dead.
1944L. MacNeice Springboard 49 Not smut but *satyr-talk, not clever but wise.
a1717Parnell To Pope 27 A *Satyr Train Peeps o'er their Heads, and laugh behind the Scene.
▪ II. satyr
obs. form of satire n. |