| 释义 |
pupil teacher|ˈpjuːpɪlˈtiːtʃə(r)|
A boy or girl preparing to be a teacher, who spent part of the period of preliminary education in employment as a teacher in an elementary school under the supervision of the head teacher, and concurrently received general education either from the head teacher or in some place of higher education.
The system was introduced into England from Holland in 1839–40, the pupil teachers being originally bound as apprentices, a plan which came to an end after 1870. The system underwent many changes; see Memorandum on the history and prospects of the Pupil-Teacher system, issued by the Board of Education in 1907. During the ensuing 30 years, it was gradually superseded (cf.student teacher).
1838Dr. Kay in 4th Ann. Rep. Poor Law Comm. App. B. No. 3. 250 In the normal school at Haarlem..certain of the most intelligent scholars..were selected to be trained to the occupation of teachers... Those pupil teachers would constantly acquire a greater degree of skill and knowledge. 1846Min. Comm. Counc. Educ. 21 Dec., To carry into execution the Minute of the Committee of Council on Education of the 25th day of August 1846, respecting the Apprenticeship of Pupil Teachers. [In the Minute of 25 Aug. called ‘Apprentices’.] 1858J. Payn Foster Brothers x, The plan of pupil teachers was then in its infancy. 1861M. Arnold Pop. Educ. France 108 Pupil-teachers—the sinews of English primary instruction, whose institution is the grand merit of our English State system, and its chief title to public respect. 1884Chr. World 19 June 453/2 The pupil-teacher, as a rule, we fear, learns little and teaches less. 1907[see b].
b. attrib., as pupil-teacher system, etc.; pupil-teacher centre, a central institution where the pupil-teachers of a town or locality may receive their general education. (Introduced as ‘Central Classes’ about 1874; much developed 1888–98.)
1897Daily News 13 Jan. 5/3 A Committee to inquire into the working of the pupil-teacher system in England and Wales. 1902Westm. Gaz. 14 Apr. 2/2 It should be noted that the London School Board have just had surcharged the cost of their pupil-teacher training-centres. 1906Daily Chron. 29 Nov. 6/6 A compulsory subject..for pupil-teacher candidates. 1907Westm. Gaz. 22 July 2/1 There are, at this moment, some 20,000 pupil-teachers, of the ages 16 to 18, attending institutions called pupil-teachers' centres. 1907Memo. on Pupil-Teacher syst. §50 Obviously it would not be possible to drop the Pupil Teacher system as a source for the supply of adult teachers.
¶ ‘Pupil teacher’ in Milton: see pupil n.1 3 a.
Hence pupil-ˈteacherdom, the body or institution of pupil-teachers; pupil-ˈteachership, the post or office of a pupil-teacher; pupil-ˈteachery, the work or position of a pupil-teacher.
1903Westm. Gaz. 26 June 3/1 How can you complain about the teachers..now that we've opened *pupil-teacherdom to all alike?
1876T. Hardy Ethelberta (1890) 122 If I could not get a *pupil-teachership in some London school..I could stay with you and be governess to Georgina and Myrtle.
1890W. E. Henley Views & Rev. (1892) 132 Herself [George Eliot], too, has been variously described: as ‘Apotheosis of *Pupil-Teachery’. |