| 释义 |
scattered, ppl. a.|ˈskætəd|
[f. scatter v. + -ed1.]
In senses of the verb.
1. a. Of a flock, tribe, company of persons, troops, etc.: Disunited and dispersed; disorganized; also, spread out in all directions.
1388Wyclif Jer. l. 17 Israel is a scaterid flok. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. vi. 93 And hauing France thy Friend, thou shalt not dread The scattred Foe, that hopes to rise againe. 1786Burns ‘The gloomy night’, The Hunter now has left the moor, The scatt'red coveys meet secure. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xx. IV. 412 From the field of battle he made his way..to the neighbourhood of Louvain, and there began to collect his scattered forces.
b. fig. Of feelings, thoughts, etc.: Distracted, discomposed; vagrant. Now rare or Obs.
1638Junius Paint. Ancients 26 It doth require..some labour to settle our wild scattered thoughts. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 294 Adam..his scatterd spirits returnd, To Michael thus his humble words addressd. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xlv, One word from Isaac..recalled her scattered feelings.
2. a. Widely separated one from another; placed here and there; spread over a wide area; straggling.
1595Polimanteia in Brydges Brit. Bibl. I. 281 Mourne for the trulie Hon. Ferdinandos death: whom though scattered teares haue honoured in some few sonnets, yet [etc.]. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 112 Having passed long suburbs and scattered houses we came within a Musket shot to the mountaine. 1715Pope Iliad I. Ess. on Homer 18 Some other scatter'd Stories of Homer. 1791Burns Lament for Earl Glencairn iii, Ye scatter'd birds that faintly sing. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxvii, A few aged and scattered yew trees. 1845Budd Dis. Liver 175 Ulceration of the gall-bladder..may lead to scattered abscesses in the substance of the liver. 1897Westm. Gaz. 11 Mar. 2/1 The Poor-law Conference..showed a remarkable consensus of opinion in favour of the substitution of the boarding-out and scattered home system for the present barrack schools.
b. scattered-site (U.S.), used attrib. to designate public housing (esp. for low-income families) distributed throughout a city rather than concentrated in a few areas. Also absol. in pl. (unhyphenated) as n.
1956Jrnl. Housing May 163/1 (heading) Scattered site projects. Ibid. ‘We have inaugurated a new policy that not only permits but encourages the use of small scattered sites,’ PHA Commissioner Charles E. Slusser told delegates. 1958Ibid. Jan. 11 (caption) Diagrammatical sketch of the City of Cedartown, showing the seven sites on which the Cedartown Housing Authority constructed..the first scattered-site project in the nation. 1959Ibid. Nov. 359/2 In many areas the row house has been adapted for scattered-site use. 1966Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 12 Aug. 10/1 ‘Scattered-site’ housing is an alternative to high-rise, low-income apartments.
3. a. Cast or driven about loosely in all directions; thrown broadcast. † Of the hair: Disordered.
1667Milton P.L. i. 304 His Legions..lay..Thick as..scattered sedge Afloat, when with fierce Winds Orion arm'd Hath vext the Red-Sea Coast. 1785Cowper Task iv. 121 Oh Winter, ruler of th' inverted year, Thy scatter'd hair with sleet like ashes fill'd..I love thee! Ibid. v. 67 The sparrows peep... Well they eye The scatter'd grain. 1839J. Main Abercrombie's Ev. Man his own Gard. 40 Let grass be rolled with a wooden roller, to which all the scattered worm-cast earth will readily adhere.
†b. Of a single thing: Cast off; thrown negligently, let drop. Obs.
1596Spenser F.Q. v. ii. 3 Whom having lost,..And finding in the way the scattred scarfe, The fortune of her life long time did feare. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iii. v. 104 Loose now and then A scattred smile, and that Ile liue vpon. 1781Cowper Table-T. 674 [He], like a scatter'd seed at random sown, Was left to spring by vigour of his own.
4. spec.
a. Bot. Occurring at wide and irregular intervals (see quots.).
[1640: cf. scatteredly.] 1796Withering Brit. Plants I. 225 Cal. none, (except some scattered sheaths). Ibid. III. 176 Root-leaves on leaf-stalks, somewhat toothed, beset with scattered hairs. 1839Lindley Introd. Bot. iii. (ed. 3) 492 Scattered (sparsus); used in opposition to whorled, or opposite, or ternate, or other such terms. 1872H. C. Wood Fresh-w. Algæ 54 Filament single, mostly scattered.
b. Ent. (See quot.)
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. IV. 313 Scattered (Sparsi). When simple eyes are separate from each other and not arranged in a certain order.
c. Physics. Of light: Refracted and dispersed in all directions. More widely, of electromagnetic radiation generally and sub-atomic particles: subjected to scattering.
1808Herschel in Phil. Trans. XCIX. 280 The [prismatic] bows are formed by scattered light. 1878Abney Treat. Photogr. xii. 88 The blurring caused by the reflection of the scattered rays from the plate. 1878Ld. Rayleigh Theory of Sound II. xv. 139 If a number of small bodies lie in the path of waves of sound,..the exaltation of the higher harmonics in the scattered waves involves a proportional deficiency of them in the direct wave after passing the obstacles. 1906Phil. Mag. XII. 144 From measurements of the width of the band due to the scattered α rays, it is easy to show that some of the α rays in passing through the mica have been deflected from their course through an angle of about 2°. 1926R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth's Man. Radioactivity iii. 39 The whole of the scattered radiation also enters the electroscope. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XIII. 438/2 Although radio waves at these frequencies are not reflected by the ionosphere, it has been found that if large amounts of power are radiated, scattered energy will be received over relatively long distances beyond the horizon. 1970I. E. McCarthy Nuclear Reactions i. 5 In addition to elastically scattered α particles, two groups of protons..were observed. 1978P. W. Atkins Physical Chem. xvii. 546 If the molecules are excited by the light during the collision they withdraw some energy from the photons, and so the scattered light emerges with a lower frequency than the incident light.
5. Covered with scatterings; strewn or littered with something. rare.
1798Bloomfield Farmer's Boy, Winter 56 [He] Fills the tall racks [with hay] and leaves a scatter'd road.
6. Comb.: † scattered-brained = scatter-brained.
1747Mem. Nutrebian Crt. II. 14 [Expressions] such as easy fool, scattered-brained madman. |