| 释义 |
Purkinje|pɜːˈkɪndʒiː|
The name of a Bohemian physiologist (1787–1869), applied in the possessive to various phenomena and anatomical structures, as Purkinje's cells, large branching cells in the cortex of the brain; Purkinje's fibres, certain fibres in the ventricles of the heart, esp. in the fœtus; Purkinje's figures, visual figures produced by the shadows of the retinal blood-vessels cast by light (e.g. from a candle) entering the eye laterally; Purkinje('s) phenomenon or shift (also phenomenon of Purkinje), a decrease in the apparent brightness of light of long wavelength (e.g. red) compared with light of short wavelength (e.g. blue) when the degree of illumination falls; [described by Purkinje in Mag. für die ges. Heilkunde (1825) XX. 225]; Purkinje's vesicle: see Purkinjean a.
1869Huxley Phys. ix. (ed. 3) 248 If you go into a dark room with a single..candle, and..allow the light to fall very obliquely into the eye, one of what are called Purkinje's figures is seen. This is a vision of a series of diverging, branched, red lines on a dark field. 1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., Purkinje's cells..Purkinje's fibres..Purkinje's figures..Purkinje's vesicle. 1900C. Weiland tr. M. Tscherning's Physiologic Optics xvii. 260 A comparison of the brightness of two different colors is not easy,..and the result depends besides on the phenomenon of Purkinje. 1910M. Greenwood Physiol. of Special Senses xii. 101 A particular case of adaptation which is of much interest is ‘Purkinje's Phenomenon’. 1949H. C. Weston Sight, Light & Efficiency i. 20 The ‘Purkinje phenomenon’..is familiar to everyone who has noted..that when green leaves and red flowers are seen in twilight the green appears brighter compared with the red than is the case in full daylight. 1973Nature 14 Dec. 380/1 The most familiar effect of the duality of human vision is the so-called ‘Purkinje shift’. |