| 释义 |
▪ I. brattice, n.|ˈbrætɪs|
Forms: α. 3 brutaske, 4 brytasqe, 5 betrax (= bretask). β. 4 brutage, 4–5 bretage, 5 bretayge, britage, brytege, (9 Hist. bretache, brattish). γ. 4–5 bretais, -ays, 5 bretise, -asce, -ys, -is, brettys, bertes, bartes. δ. 9 (sense 2) brettis, brattice, -ish.
[Found in many types: α. ME. brutaske, brytasqe, a. ONF. breteske, -aske, -esque: β. ME. brutage, bretage, etc., a. AFr. brutesche (Matt. Paris), OF. bretesche, mod.F. bretèche: γ. ME. bretasce, -ais, -is, etc., a. OF. bretesce, bretasce. The OF. breteske, -esche, -esce (rarely bertesque, -esche, -ece), correspond to Pr. bertresca, It. bertesca (baltresca), med.L. bretachia, bertescha, breteschia, etc. Of uncertain origin; according to Mahn (to whom Diez adheres) prob. a derivative of Ger. brett board, with Romanic suffix -esca, with sense of ‘boarding’, ‘boardwork’. The early forms in bru-, bry-, app. of English or Anglo-French origin, are due perhaps to the obscurity of the first vowel. The 15– 16th c. forms in ber-, bar- were northern: see bratticing. The original sense became obs. before 1500. To modern times the word has come down in local use, chiefly in connexion with coal-mining, in the forms brettis (Derbyshire), brattice (Newcastle, etc.), brattish. Although brettis is the best form etymologically, brattice has become more generally known, and accepted in literary use; brattish has given the architectural brattishing.]
The general sense is ‘boarding, planking, a structure of boards’. Hence spec.
†1. A temporary breastwork, parapet, or gallery of wood erected on the battlement of a fortress, for use during a siege. Obs.
(α) type breteske.
1297R. Glouc. 536 Atte laste hii s[s]ende Al the brutaske withoute, & the brugge brende. c1380Sir Ferumb. 3315 Þe kernels..wer broke & schente, & þe brytasqes on þe tour an heȝe dulfuly a-doun wer caste. c1440Promp. Parv. 50/1 Betrax of a walle, propugnaculum.
(β) type bretesche, bretage.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1190 Bigge brutage of borde bulde on þe walles. c1350Will. of Palerne 3001 Here walles were broke · wiþ engynes strong, here bretages al a-boute · for⁓brent & destroyed. c1430Wyclif Song Sol viii. 9 (Lamb. MS.) If it is a wal, bilde we theronne siluerne touris, ethir britagis. c1450Gloss. Garlande's Dict. in Wright Voc. 130 Propungnacula, brytegys. c1475Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 784 Hoc propinaculum, a bretayge. [1851Turner Dom. Archit. II. v. 193 A drawbridge with a bretache above it. 1861Sat. Rev. 6 Apr. 345/2 A very graphic report..describing the siege of that place in 1240, makes frequent mention of..brattishes, breastworks or turrets of timber.]
(γ) type bretesce, ? bretis.
c1380Wyclif Serm. (Sel. Wks.) I. 191 Bi þis weye mai no man eende þe laste bretais of þis tour. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 163 A bretise brade. c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxvi. 233 (Jam.) To mak defens and brettys. c1440Promp. Parv. 50 Bretasce [1499 bretays], propugnaculum. c1450Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 731 Hoc signaculum, a bretys. c1500Lancelot 873 Towart ther bretis. Ibid. 1005 A bertes. Ibid. 2897 To the bartes to behold and see. [1885C. Oman Art of War 59 The brattice was a wooden gallery fitted with apertures in its floor, and running along the top of the wall.]
b. The ‘battlement’ of a cup.
1465Test. Ebor. (1855) II. 272, j. peciam argenti stantem cum uno bretis.
2. In form brattice (dial. also brattish): A partition, generally of deal.
a. (esp.) A partition for the purpose of ventilation in the shaft of a coal-pit (shaft brattice), or in a drift, or other working of a colliery (drift brattice, headways brattice, or board brattice).
1851Coal-tr. Terms Northumbld. & Durh. 11 Shaft or main brattice is usually made of 3-inch Memel plank..Common brattice is made of ½-inch American deal..It is nailed to props set for the purpose (called brattice props). 1860Times 10 Dec. 10/2 Where only one shaft is sunk..a downcast and an upcast are created by running an airtight partition, or ‘brattice’ to the bottom. 1883Standard 23 Nov. 3/7 Gas still showed..on both sides of the brattice.
b. A partition of boards in a room. dial.
1851Turner Dom. Archit. I. vi. 201 A rude partition, called a brattish, rises to the eaves. 1863Atkinson Danby Provinc., Brattice, a wooden partition, serving to divide a closet or store room into two parts.
c. A lining of timber to a shaft or a headway in a pit.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Brettis (Derb.), a crib of timber filled up with slack or waste. Ibid., Brettis-way, a road in a coal-mine, supported by brettises built on each side after the coal has been worked out.
3. In form brattish: ‘A shelf: also a seat with a high back. north. dial.’ (Halliwell.)
4. attrib. in sense 2, as brattice-cloth, stout tarred cloth used in mines instead of wooden bratticing; brattice-nail, brattice-work; brettis-way: see 2 c.
1885Engineer 15 May (Advt.) John Marsden, manufacturer of Tarred, Oiled, and Fire-Proof Brattice Cloth. 1880Daily Tel. 5 Oct., The miner..scratched with the point of a rusty brattice nail the farewell letter to his wife.
▪ II. brattice, v.|ˈbrætɪs|
In 5 bretexe.
[f. prec.]
†1. (in obs. form bretexe): trans. To fortify with a wooden breastwork. Obs.
1430Lydg. Chron. Troy ii. xi, Euery towre bretexed was so clene.
2. to brattice up: to line the sides of a shaft, or the like, with planking or boarding.
1862Times 21 Jan., The stone was all carefully bratticed up. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. lviii (D.), A great round hole or shaft bratticed up with timber. |