| 释义 |
▪ I. brew, v.|bruː|
Pa. tense and pple. brewed |bruːd|. Forms: 1 bréowan, 2–3 breowe(n, 3–5 brewen, 4–7 brewe, 4– brew, (also 4–5 breu, 4–6 bru, 4–7 brue, 5 brow-yn, -ne, br(u)w-yn, 6 breawe). pa. tense 1 bréaw, 3 breuȝ, 4 breuh, breu, brew; pl. 1 bruwon, 3 browe(n; also 3–7 brued, 4 breud, 4– brewed, 6– brew'd. pa. pple. 1 (ᵹe)browen, 3–4 (i-)browen, 4–5 browe, 5 bruen, brew(e, 5–6 browne, Sc. browin, brouin, broune; also 4– brewed, (4 ibrowt, 4–7 brued, 4–5 breud(e, 5 brewid, 7 bru'd).
[Common Teut.: OE. bréow-an (bréaw, bruwon; (ᵹe)browen) str. vb. = OS. *briuwan (MLG. bruwen, MDu. bruwen, brouwen, Du. brouwen, wk.), OHG. briuwan (MHG. briuwen, brûwen, mod.Ger. brauen) str., ON. brugga (Sw. brygga, Da. brygge) wk.; pointing to an OTeut. verb-root *brū̆ (pre-Ger. bhreu-): cf. OHG. brû-hûs ‘brewhouse’. Outside Teutonic, the same root is perh. to be recognized in L. dēfrutum new wine boiled down, and Thracian βρῦτον (= ϕρῦτον) beer. Cf. broth, and other derivatives, which show that the root brū̆ had originally also in Teutonic a wider sense than ‘brew’, apparently that of ‘make a decoction, infuse’. The strong pa. tense is found in ME. till the 14th c., and the str. pa. pple. to the 16th (the latter still in Sc.); but weak forms occur in the 13th.]
1. a. trans. Properly: To make (ale, beer, and the like) by infusion, boiling, and fermentation.
c893K. ælfred Oros. i. i. §20 And ne bið ðær næniᵹ ealo ᵹebrowen mid Estum. c1325Poem temp. Edw. II, xxix, Gude ale & strong Wel ibrowen of the beste. c1440Promp. Parv. 54/1 Browne ale, or other drynke..pandoxor. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. Argt., How King Duncane send the Wyne and Aill browin with mukil Wort to King Sueno. 1570Levins Manip. 213 To Breawe, coquere potum. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. iii. i. 304 She brewes good Ale. 1768Blackstone Comm. i. 320 Malt liquors brewed for sale, which are excised at the brewery. 1813Hogg Queen's Wake 69 We drank fra the hornis that never grew, The beer that was never browin. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 124 Ale the monks themselves brewed.
b. fig. with conscious reference to the literal sense.
1297R. Glouc. 26 A luþer beuerage to here bihofþe þei browe. c1325Coer de L. 4365 A sorye beverage ther was browen! 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. iv. 7 If I could temporise with my affection, Or brew it to a weake and colder pallat. 1651Cleveland Elegy Abp. Canterb. 2 He brews his Tears that studies to lament. 1871Morley Crit. Misc. (1886) III. 288 Why are we to describe the draught which Rousseau and the others had brewed..as maddening poison to the French?
c. To convert (barley, malt, or other substance) into a fermented liquor.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 133, I Bouhte hire Barly heo breuh hit to sulle. 1522Bury Wills (1850) 118 To fynde yearelie a busshell and halffe of malte to be browne. 1713Lond. & Countr. Brew. i. (1742) 70 The Charge and Profit of brewing Six Bushels of Malt for a Private Family. 1789Burns, O Willie brew'd a peck o' maut.
d. absol. (often in proverbial expressions: cf. bake v. 6.)
a1300Cursor M. 2848 Suilk als þai brued now ha þai dronken. 1451Pol. Poems (1859) II. 230 Let hem drynk as they hanne brewe. 1543–4Act 35 Hen. VIII, viii, Such persons as brew for theyr owne prouision, and not to sale. 1598Shakes. Merry W. i. iv. 101, I wash, ring, brew, bake, scowre, dresse meat and drinke. 1612Pasquil's Night-Cap (1877) 82 You must drinke As you have bru'd; bee it small or strong. 1652Proc. Parliament No. 138. 2162 The Admirall..said, that as they brewed so they should bake. 1878Spurgeon Treas. Dav. Ps. cix. 17 As he brewed, so let him drink.
†2.
a. To mix (liquors), mix with water, dilute. Obs.
1520Whittinton Vulg. (1527) 15 b, This wyne is brued [dilutum]. 1587Harrison England ii. vi. (1877) 149 That they would neither drinke nor be serued of..such [wine] as was anie waies mingled or brued by the vintener. 1579Tomson Calvin Serm. Tim. 310/2 They brue, they mingle, and confound the doctrine of the gospel with their owne dreames. 1620Venner Via Recta vi. 101 Water and fine Sugar onely brewed together. 1641French Distill. v. (1651) 125 You may drop..Oil..into the Wine, and brew them well together.
†b. To pour (= L. infundere). Obs.
1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 1164 They..brew their new wine into new vessells. 1594Plat Jewell-ho. iii. 29 Brew them a pretie while out of one pot into another.
3. a. transf. ‘To make by mixing several ingredients’ (J.), as whisky punch; or by infusion, as tea.
a1626Bacon (J.) We have drinks also brewed with several herbs and roots, and spices. 1825Bro. Jonathan I. 417 Have a care! You are brewing that for us, now. 1861Ramsay Remin. ii. (ed. 18) 37 A famous hand at brewing a good glass of whisky. 1865Athenæum No. 1979. 429/1 Brewing a cup of coffee. 1868Holme Lee B. Godfrey xxiii. 124 The kettle was boiled, the tea brewed. 1875B. Taylor Faust I. vi. 101 Canst thou..alone not brew the potion?
b. Colloq. phr. to brew up: to make tea.
1916Daily Mail 1 Nov. 4/4 ‘Brew up’ or ‘drung up’ (to make tea, over-seas expressions). 1943A. Clifford Three against Rommel xxxiii. 389, I thought we might brew up.
4. To concoct, contrive, prepare, bring about, cause: spec.
a. evil, mischief, trouble, woe; in early use esp. with bale, boot, bitterness, bargain, etc.
c1250Hymn Virg. 30 in Trin. Hom. 256 Care of drede þat Eue bitterliche us breuȝ. Ibid. 257 Bale to breowe. a1300Cursor M. 4137 Baret rede i noght yee bru. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 361 Þe bitternesse þat þow hast browe brouke it þi-seluen. c1440York Myst. xxix. 239 Þis brethell has brewed moche bale. a1560Rolland Crt. Venus iv. 448 Vnder the conditioun..that he brew na mair baill. 1578T. Procter Gallery Invent. in Heliconia I. 105 Ulisses wife, whose chastnesse brued her fame. 1810Southey Kehama xi. vi, All deadly plagues and pestilence to brew.
b. designs, projects, productions of the intellect.
c1386Chaucer Monk's T. 3575 He brew this cursednesse and al this synne. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 1284 Hys wyf..Brewed the childys deth. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. xlv. 2 His heart was brewing of some notable and excellent matter. 1579Fenton Guicciard. ii. (1599) 66 It was beleeued his death was brued in a cup of poyson. 1649Fuller Just Man's Fun. 2 They do not ponder things in their heart, but onely brew them in their heads. 1803‘C. Caustic’ Terr. Tractor. i. 34 note, I could not rest quietly till I had brewed a sublime treatise.
c. natural phenomena, as rain, wind, a storm.
1530Palsgr. 594 Foule weather as whan it rayneth snoweth or broweth, or any otherwyse stormeth. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, ii. ii. 156 That Sun-shine brew'd a showre for him. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 578 The Moon..bodes a Tempest on the Main, And brews for Fields impetuous Floods of Rain. 1765Falconer Demag. 185 Foundering in the storm himself had brew'd.
5. intr. To be in preparation; to be in process of mixing, concocting, production, etc.: cf. prec. senses. (The modern to be brewing, partly derived from an earlier to be a-brewing, is not altogether intrans. in origin: cf. the house is (a) building.)
a1300Cursor M. 118 Bituix þe ald law and þe new How crist birth bigan to brew. c1460Towneley Myst. 314 Your baille now brewys. 1599Mirr. Mag., Worcester iii, Doubtes that dayly brue. 1610Shakes. Temp. ii. ii. 19 Another Storme brewing. 1677Lond. Gaz. No. 1210/2 Some hundred Barrels of Beer brewing for the use of the Troops. 1682N. O. Boileau's Lutrin iii. 202 Thou little thinkest What work's a brewing. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 82 Satisfied there is mischief brewing. 1860Holland Miss Gilbert ii. 20 A storm was brewing in the domestic sky.
6. trans. Of oysters: To produce (spawn).
1865Cornhill Mag. XI. 54 The parent oyster goes on ‘brewing’ its spawn for some time; and it is supposed that the spawn swims about with the current for a short period before it falls.
7. Comb., in which brew has the sense of brewer, brewing, as † brew-bate, one who stirs up quarrelling or dissension; brew-kettle, the vessel in which the wort and hops are boiled; † brew-lead, a leaden vessel used in brewing; brew-wife, a woman that brews, a brewster or brewster-wife. Also brewhouse.
1602Fitzherbert Apol. 33 What resteth then to make these *brewbates so confident?
1369Test. Ebor. (Surtees) I. 87 Plumbum meum, anglice *breuled in fournes. 1430Ibid. II. 12 Unum brewlede, unum maskfatt. 1522Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees) 106, I bequeth to my son..the brew⁓house as it standeth, that is to say a brewelede, with a mashefatt and a tapstone, etc.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vii. 354 Whederwarde he wolde þe *brew-wif hym asked. 1479Paston Lett. 828 III. 244 He hath maried a bruewyf and kepeth the brue hous.
▪ II. brew, n.1
[f. brew v.]
a. The action, process, or result, of brewing; the beverage, etc. brewed; sometimes used locally for ‘yeast’.
c1510Ch.-Wardens' Acc. St. Dunstan's Canterb., For a quarton of Brew jd. ob. 1627Bacon Sylva (J.) Trial..made of the like brew with potatoe roots..which are nourishing meats. 1742Young Nt. Th. ix. 621 The brew of thunders. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. viii. 90 Our brew of beer..turns out excellent. 1859J. Lang Wand. India 338 Give us a little drop more of that last brew.
b. brew-up: (a pause for) the making of tea; cf. brew v. 3 b. colloq.
1944A. Jacob Traveller's War vi. 123 The crews halted for a ‘brew up’ near us: some drank tea,..others took a nap. 1963Times 26 Jan. 9/7 The..petrol tins which the Desert Rats found equally handy for washing in or for a ‘brew-up’.
▪ III. brew, n.2|bruː|
Local var. brow n.1 6 b.
1887Hall Caine Deemster xxvii. 176 Nearer the cliff I found this, and this; and then down the brew itself..I saw this other one. 1891‘L. Keith’ Halletts II. v. 107 He'll stand quiet enough;..it's the grass on the brew he's after. 1927Chambers's Jrnl. Feb. 126/1 The brews of the ditches or hedge-bottoms. |