| 释义 |
‖ Sclerotium|sklɪəˈrəʊtɪəm|
Usu. lower-case in senses 2, 3. Pl. sclerotia.
[mod.L. (Tode 1790), f. Gr. σκληρός hard.]
†1. A former genus of Cryptogamia, comprising small, hard black bodies producing smut in wheat and ergot in rye; now known to be a particular stage of growth of the mycelium of certain fungi.
1819Pantologia, Sclerotium, in botany, a genus of the class cryptogamia, order fungi. 1845Encycl. Metrop. VI. 51/1 The spur, or ergot, is by some considered as a fungus, a species of sclerotium.
2. A tuberous body forming on the mycelium of a fungus, from which it becomes detached when its growth is complete. (See quot. 1879.)
1871Garrod Mat. Med. (ed. 3) 350 Ergot. The sclerotium (compact mycelium or spawn) of Claviceps purpurea, produced within the paleæ of the common rye, Secale cereale. 1879G. Murray in Encycl. Brit. IX. 828 Sclerotia are tuberous bodies composed of densely interwoven mycelial hyphæ enclosed by a layer of pseudo-parenchyma... They were long regarded as independent forms of fungi, but it has been discovered that they are only resting states in which nourishment is stored up.
3. Zool. In Mycetozoa, a cyst-like growth enclosing a portion of the plasmodium in its dormant stage.
1885E. R. Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 841/2. 1888 Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 909 But if the plasmodium is ripe for sporulation, its resting-phase, the sclerotium, has a different character. |