| 释义 |
scratcher|ˈskrætʃə(r)|
[f. scratch v. + -er1.]
1. a. One who scratches, in various senses of the vb.
1557Edgeworth Serm. Repert., Giuers of their owne shale be riche, scratchers of other mens be euer at beggers state. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. To Rdr., They must look for no better fare from a world of Bears and Scratchers, than [etc.]. 1736Ainsworth, Scalptor, a graver, a cutter in metal, a scratcher, an etcher. 1771Smollett Humph. Cl. 26 June (1815) 197 His master declared he was the best scratcher in the family. 1852Jerdan Autobiog. I. xxiv. 203 We have a considerable proportion of very superficial scratchers of the soil, both among authors and critics.
b. Ornith. Used in pl. to render mod.L. Rasores, in Illiger's system (1811) an order of birds including the families Gallinacei, Epollicati, Columbini, Crypturi and Inepti. Cf. scraper 3.
1831Montagu's Ornith. Dict. (ed. Rennie), Rasores (Illiger), Scratchers, a family of birds who scratch their food from the earth. 1851Richardson Geol. (1855) 310, 4th Order.—Rasores (or Scratchers, fig. 213).
c. U.S. Politics. A voter who ‘scratches’, i.e. declines to support some of the candidates named on his party ticket. Cf. paster.
1880Scribner's Monthly Feb. 621/2 Mr. Evarts will be obliged to look among the ‘scratchers’,..for the indorsement of..Civil Service Reform. 1883Atlantic Monthly LII. 327 To whom a ‘scratcher’ or a ‘bolter’ is more hateful than the Beast.
d. In certain trades: A scratch-brusher.
1881Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 96 Electro and other Plated Ware Manufacturer..Scratcher. 1884B'ham Daily Post 24 Jan. 3/3 Chandelier-Trade.—Women Scratchers wanted.
e. orig. U.S. Cant. (See quots.)
1859G. W. Matsell Vocabulum 77/2 Scratcher, a forger; a copyist. 1894N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 454 A professional forgery gang consists of: First, a capitalist or backer; second, the actual forger, who is known among his associates as the ‘scratcher’. 1927Writer's Monthly Nov. 387/2 Forgers, and floaters of bad money, checks or commercial paper, are ‘scratchers’, ‘scratchmen’ and ‘shovers’. 1941V. Davis Phenomena in Crime iv. 48 The actual forger, known by such names as ‘the scratcher’, ‘the scribe’, ‘the penman’, may consider himself extremely fortunate if his period of office exceeds two years.
2. An instrument used for scratching.
a. A tool used in plastering to roughen the surface of the preliminary coating.
1812P. Nicholson Mech. Exerc. 312 (Plastering) Scratcher, the instrument for scratching the plaster, as its name implies. 1873Spon Workshop Rec. Ser. i. 121/2 After the coat is laid on, it is scored in diagonal directions with a scratcher.
†b. = scratch-back 2.
1835Dickens Sk. Boz, Greenwich Fair, The noise of these various instruments,..the shouting, the ‘scratchers’, and the dancing, is perfectly bewildering.
c. Comb. (See quot. 1858.)
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Scratcher-up, a bookbinder's tool. 1902Hasluck Bookbinding iv. 52 After lightly pasting the back of each book, a ‘scratcher up’ is drawn several times..down the back.
d. A device put down an oil or gas well to clear the bore or create turbulence mechanically.
1877J. F. Carll Oil Well Records & Levels iv. 90 A ‘scratcher’ is a round brush..made of steel wire. When it is to be used the tubing is drawn from the well, a few barrels of benzine are poured in and the scratcher is..run down to the oil rock, where it is worked up and down..to scratch or scrub the walls of the well. 1974D. K. Smith in P. L. Moore et al. Drilling Practices Manual xvi. 426 Scratchers or wall cleaners. 1. Rotating... 2. Reciprocating. Ibid. 427 Install scratchers spaced according to location of permeable zones.
Add: [c indigo][1.] f.[/c] (a) A person, esp. a disc jockey, who employs ‘scratch’ techniques (see *scratch n.1 6 c); (b) a maker of scratch videos (s.v. *scratch n.1 12 b).
1982Melody Maker 4 Dec. 12/3 Last week's invasion of our capital by a 19-strong squad of New York breakers, scratchers, rappers, skippers and grafitti artists. 1985Times 5 Jan. 17/8 McLaren..now does for Puccini and Bizet what he did for the Bronx scratchers and breakers. 1985M. Wilcox et al. Subverting Television (pamphlet) 1/2 Taking the opposite approach of the scratchers who cut fast and furious to convey their message, Young instead presents us with the power of slow, even mundane, human activity. 1989Face Jan. 23 MCs Kelz and Krissy Kriss, along with scratcher Lynx, provide the harder edge of the Smith and Mighty sound. |