| 释义 |
▪ I. bum, n.1 Not in polite use.|bʌm|
Forms: 4 bom, 6 bumbe, 6–7 bumme, bomm(e, 7–8 bumb, 6– bum.
[Origin uncertain.
Probably onomatopœic, to be compared with other words of similar sound and with the general sense of ‘protuberance, swelling’, e.g. bump n., bumb a pimple, mod.Icel. bumba belly of a cask or other vessel, Fr. bombe bomb. Cf. also bum v.1 (The guess that bum is ‘a mere contraction of bottom’, besides its phonetic difficulties, is at variance with the historical fact that ‘bottom’ in this sense is found only from the 18th c.)]
1. ‘The buttocks, the part on which we sit’ (J.); the posteriors.
1387Trevisa Higden Rolls Ser. VI. 357 It semeþ þat his bom is oute þat haþ þat euel [ficus, i.e. piles]. c1530Redforde Play Wit & Sc. (1848) 20, I woold thy mother had kyst thy bum! 1550Crowley Epigr. 1317 A bumbe lyke a barrell wyth whoopes at the skyrte. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 53. 1638 A. Read Treat. Chirurg. xii. 97 To pull the feathers from the bummes of hens or cocks. 1708Lond. Gaz. No. 4441/4 A Sorrel Gelding, with..some white Hairs on his Bumb. 1785Burns Jolly Beggars 42 Many a tatter'd rag hanging over my bum. 1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1828) II. xxiii. 329 Heating their bums or tails against them as they creep along.
2. Applied opprobriously to a person. Cf. batiebum and bumble n.2
1540Lindesay Satyre 2772 Quhair Devil gat we this ill-fairde blaitie bum? 1572[see batie-bum.] 1825Jamieson. Bum, a lazy, dirty, tawdry, careless woman.
3. colloq. Short for bum-bailiff; (like the F. cul for pousse-cul.)
[1663Butler Hud. i. i. 372 It had appeared with Courage bolder Then Sergeant Bum, invading shoulder.] 1691Long Vacation 1 The Bums press hard on Poor Debtor. 1790Cowper Wks. (1836) VI. 315 Threatened with attorneys and bums. a1845Barham Ingol. Leg. (1877) 307 Serjeant Barham with his bums and tip staves.
4. Comb. (mostly obs. or nonce-words), as bum-delighting, bum-grown, bum-proof, † bum-thin; also † bum-barrel (? = bum-roll), some protuberant part of a woman's dress; † bum-beating vbl. n. (used in quot. for jostling, pushing others off the pavement); † bum-blade, a large sword; † bum-brusher, humorous for a flogging schoolmaster; † bum-creeper, ? one who walks bent almost double; † bum-dagger, cf. bum-blade; † bum-fodder, L. anitergium, hence, worthless literature; bum-freezer, -perisher, -shaver, -starver (slang), a short jacket, coat, etc.; † bum-rolls, ‘stuffed cushions worn by women about the hips’ (Halliw.); bum-sucker slang = sycophant n. 3; hence bum-suck v. intr., to toady; bum-sucking vbl. n., toadying; † bum-trap (slang), a bailiff, a sheriff's officer (cf. bumbailiff).
1609Ev. Wom. in Hum. i. i. in Bullen O. Pl. IV, Ile have no soping, no puffs, nor no Cobwebs, no busks nor *bumbarrels.
1616Beaum. & Fl. Wit without M. iii. i, Can there be aught in this but pride of show, lady, And pride of *bum-beating?
1632Massinger City Madam i. ii, Draw! my little rapier against your *bumb blades!
a1704T. Brown Wks. (1760) II. 86 (D.), I [Dionysius] was forced to turn *bum-brusher. 1832Blackw. Mag. Oct. 426 To protract existence..in the shape of bumbrushers, and so forth, after the fashion of the exalted emigrés of 1792?
a1652Brome Eng. Moor iii. iii. (1873) II. 48 All alike to me..from the huckle back'd *Bum-creeper, To the streight spiny Shop-maid of St. Martins.
1600Rowlands Lett. Humours Blood iii. 57 The huge *bum Dagger at his backe.
1782Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ode 1 to R.A.'s Wks. 1812 I. 17 That easy *bum-delighting thing Rid by the Chancellor, yclep'd a Sack.
1653Urquhart Rabelais i. xiii, Torcheculs, arsewisps *bumfodders. 1753Scots Mag. Apr. 208/1 (title) Bum fodder for the ladies.
1932L. Golding Magnolia St. i. iii. 58 He wore..an Eton coat, or ‘*bum-freezer’, as they termed it in Magnolia Street. 1943G. Greene Ministry of Fear i. vi. 98 The tight little blue trousers and the bum-freezer jacket. 1955H. Spring These Lovers fled Away 73 A nice little Eton suit—what Greg inevitably called my bum-freezer.
1611Cotgr., Hancher, Big haunched, well *bumme-growne.
1889Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang s.v., *Bum perisher, or shaver, a short-tailed coat.
1780–6Wolcott (P. Pindar) Ode R.A.'s Wks. 1790 I. 58 *Bum-proof to all the flogging of the schools.
1663Killigrew Parson's Wed. iii. v, Those virtues raised her from the flat petticoat and kercher, to the gorget and *bumroll.
1936E. Waugh Waugh in Abyssinia 121 A gloomy, uniform row in white *bum-shavers.
1930O. Onions Open Secret i. 15 ‘Is it at Eton they wear toppers?’ ‘Yes.’ ‘*And bum-starvers?’
1930in Partridge Dict. Slang (1937) 107/1 *Bum-suck v. 1953D. Parry Going up—Going Down iv. 132 He crawls round bum-sucking to the Press. 1960L. Cooper Accomplices iii. i. 151 He bumsucked to all the rich men.
1877Swinburne Let. 7 Sept. (1960) IV. 18 Mr. *Bumsucker Walford (excuse the Rabelaisian term current at our universities to define a sycophant). 1943‘G. Orwell’ in Comfort & Bayliss New Road 156 The lords of property and their hired liars and bumsuckers.
1949Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 3) 1003/2 *Bum-sucking, arse-crawling. 1963C. Mackenzie My Life & Times II. 21 Being accused of sucking up, or even of bum-sucking.
1602Warner Alb. Eng. ix. xlvii, 220 Supporters, Pooters, Fardingales above the Loynes to waire, That be she near so *bombe-thin, yet she crosse-like seems foure-squaire.
1749Fielding Tom Jones (1775) 300 The noble *bumtrap..into the hands of the jailer resolves to deliver his miserable prey.
Add:4. bumbag, a small bag or pouch incorporated in a belt worn round the waist or across the shoulder (orig. designed for skiers and worn at the back); cf. fanny pack s.v. *fanny n.4 1 b.
1951W. R. Bracken Handbk. Ski-ing i. 20 A Rucksack is not necessary..but..a ‘*Bumbag’, worn round the waist on a belt, is very useful for carrying bits and pieces. 1987Motor Cycle News 1 July 45/2 There's not much you can't get into Clovers new mega-sized enduro bum bag..party packs of beer, a typewriter, cameras, or even tools if you're a serious enduro/beach racer.
bum-boy slang, a young male homosexual, esp. a prostitute; a catamite.
1937Partridge Dict. Slang 106/2 *Bum-boy. 1938Dylan Thomas Let. 7 May (1985) 294 A ringed and dainty gesture copied from some famous cosmopolitan bumboy. 1959M. Shadbolt New Zealanders 50 ‘A job?’.. ‘The job you people promised me. Now your bum boy out in the office tells me I can't have it. I want to know why.’ 1984M. Amis Money 150 Jerome, the blue-jeaned bumboy with earring and dyed blonde hair, cruised over.
▸ Chiefly Brit. to put (also get) bums on seats, to draw a sizeable audience, originally and esp. at a theatre or cinema; to fill (paid) places. Also: bums on seats the members of a (large) audience, viewed as a source of income; paying customers collectively.
1982Guardian Weekly 19 Dec. 20/1 E.T. thus comes to a beleaguered industry like a gift from the gods. Not only does it get bums on seats but it encourages the kind of shared enjoyment that suggests the cinema still has something unique to offer. 1992Independent 7 Aug. 13/1 The station has never looked to ‘bums on seats’ as the justification for its existence (although..there is an argument for getting somebody to listen). 1996Independent 4 Sept. 3/1 Anyone who has trundled along the British half of the London–Paris Eurostar route knows only too well that such an aphorism could well apply to the rail company's latest advertising wheeze; to employ Eric Cantona to put bums on seats. 2001Racing Post (Nexis) 4 Dec. 11 Anything that involves the flailing of fists, the spraying of lead or the spilling of blood is guaranteed to put bums on seats in cinemas.
▸ bum cleavage n. colloq. (chiefly Brit. and Austral.) the cleft between a person's buttocks, esp. the top of this, as revealed by low-cut or badly fitting trousers.
1992Wanted: Levis 502's in alt.folklore.urban (Usenet newsgroup) 29 June They..drop down to reveal *bum cleavage. 2002Bliss June 78/2, I was helping my dad deliver some magazines last weekend and we passed two builders, complete with beer guts and bum cleavage.
▸ bum-fluff n. Brit. slang (depreciative) sparse, downy facial hair, esp. the first beard growth of an adolescent boy.
1949E. Partridge Dict. Slang (ed. 3) 1003/1 *Bum-fluff, that unsightly hair which disfigures the faces of pubescent boys. 1984S. Townsend Growing Pains Adrian Mole 178 You've been pampered enough. Now pull yourself together, and go and shave that bum-fluff off your face! 1999Sun 22 June 33/2 Even Damien Fleming's goatee and Saurav Ganguly's bum fluff are no match for the curious tuft on Roger Twose's chin.
▪ II. bum, n.2 and int.
[Imitative. Cf. bumbo1.]
†a. A child's word for drink (cf. bum v.1). Obs.
b. Sc. to say neither ba nor bum: not to say a word (cf. baff).
1552Huloet, Bua, the terme or voyce of infantes, askynge drynke, englyshed yf ye wyll, Bumme. 1570Levins Manip. 187 Bum, drinke, potus. 1598Tom Tytler & W. (1661) 4 Tipple (arriving with liquor)..here is good bum, I dare boldly say. 1861Ramsay Remin. iv. (ed. 18) 75 They neither said ba nor bum.
▪ III. † bum, n.3 Obs. rare—0.
1570Levins Manip. 188 Bum of a pipe, oblonga fistula.
▪ IV. bum, n.4 slang|bʌm|
(orig. and chiefly U.S.).
[Prob. short for bummer3; cf. bum n.1 2.]
1. A lazy and dissolute person; an habitual loafer or tramp; = bummer3. See also quot. 1933.
1864Gold Hill (Nevada) News 15 Apr. 5/1 The policemen say that even their old, regular and reliable ‘bums’ appear to have reformed. 1891C. Roberts Adrift Amer. 68, I don't believe in feeding professional bums. 1926J. Black You can't Win ix. 104 A thoroughgoing bum from the road. The term ‘bum’ is not used here in any cheap or disparaging sense. In those days it meant any kind of a traveling thief. 1931E. Linklater Juan in Amer. ii. iii. 75, I'll fix the dirty bum that framed me! 1933Observer 2 Apr., ‘Bum’, a term of affectionate obloquy which young American friends have applied to me..means not merely a fool, but a droning fool. 1941A. L. Rowse Poems of Decade 103 Lord, how he pontificates, Lays down the law to these poor bums. 1958Punch 5 Feb. 218/2 The bums in the dosshouse have reached bottom.
b. bum's rush: forcible ejection.
1925L. O'Flaherty Informer iii. 46 They might give him ‘the bum's rush’, breaking his neck silently like a rabbit's neck. 1931E. Linklater Juan in Amer. ii. xv. 167, I told him I'd give him the bum's rush if he tried to pull that stuff on me. 1959M. Cumberland Murmurs in Rue Morgue xxxi. 176 Chotin was being given what the vulgar term the ‘bum's rush’. He was down the steps..through the gate and flat on his back on the pavement.
2. A debauch or spree.
1871L. H. Bagg At Yale 153 Aside from the annual convention on Commencement night, there are two other ‘bums’ held during the year. 1885E. Custer Boots & Saddles xx. 193, I intend to celebrate their return by going on a tremendous ‘bum’.
3. on the bum: (a) vagrant; begging (cf. bummel n. and v.); (b) in a state of disorder.
1895Century Mag. Oct. 941/2 Plans are made also for going ‘on the bum’ the moment they are free. 1896Ade Artie iii. 28, I sized it up that the house was on the bum and she didn't want me to see it. 1931D. Runyon Guys & Dolls (1932) ix. 185 Trade is strictly on the bum. 1932J. T. Farrell Young Lonigan (1936) vi. 141 He vowed he'd blow the place, and go on the bum.
▪ V. † bum, v.1 Obs.
Also bom.
[? Onomatopœic, imitating the motion of the lips in drinking; cf. bum n.]
intr. To taste (drink); to drink.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 139 He abydeþ wel þe bet · þat Bommeþ not to ofte. 1393Ibid. C. vii. 229 Who so bommede [A. v. 137 bummede] þer-of · he bouht yt [ale] þer-after.
▪ VI. † bum, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.
Also bumb.
[Var. of boom v.1; of echoic origin.]
1. intr. To hum loudly; to boom.
c1450Chaucer Wife's T. 116 (Camb. MS.) As a bitore bumbith [v.r. bombleth] in þe myre. 1499Promp. Parv. 55 Bummyn or bumbyn [v.r. bombon], bombizo. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. ix. 191 The Wasp and Hornet Bumbeth. 1722Hamilton Wallace x. 253 (Jam.) English men bum there [Stirling] as thick as bees. 1785Burns To W. Simpson, Let the busy, grumbling hive Bum owre their treasure. 1821Scott Kenilw., You shall hear the bittern bumb. 1864Tennyson North. Farmer 18, I..'eerd un a bummin' awaäy loike a buzzard-clock. Mod. Sc. The stones came bumming past my head.
2. trans. Sc.
a. To throw or hurl a missile with vibrating or booming effect, as ‘to bum stones at anything’.
b. To pelt with missiles, as ‘to bum one with stones’. Cf. also ‘bumb n., the game of bandy’ (Halliwell).
▪ VII. † bum, v.3 Obs.
[perh. f. bum n.1 (cf. bumbaste), though the sense ‘flog on the breech’ is not distinctly evidenced. Or it may belong to prec. word, cf. sense 2 b.]
trans. (or absol.) To strike, beat, thump.
1579J. Studley Seneca's Hippolytus (1581) 64 b, To scratch and cuffe, to boxe and bum. 1598Greene Jas. IV (1861) 203 Sirrah, hold your hand, lest I bum you. 1608Middleton Fam. Love iv. iii, Sirrah, you would be bummed for your roguery. 1622Dekker & Mass. Virg. Mart. iv. ii.
▪ VIII. † bum, v.4 nonce-wd.
[f. bum n.1]
1. trans. To pad or make a projection about the posteriors.
1605Camden Rem. (1637) 197 Women bummed themselves with foxe tailes under their garments.
2. intr. To project, form a protuberance.
1633Rowley Match at Midn. i. i. in Hazl. Dodsley XIII. 8 What have you bumming out there, goodman File?
▪ IX. bum, v.5
To act as a bum-boat woman.
1833Marryat P. Simple lxi, He's dead and I'm bumming. Ibid. lvii, To see his wife go a bumming.
▪ X. bum, v.6 slang
(orig. and chiefly U.S.).
[? back-formation from bummer3. Cf. bum n.4]
1. intr. To wander around, to loaf; to go ‘on the bum’; to act as a ‘bum’. Also with it.
1863Boston Herald 2 Aug. 2/5 They are just fit to..read the News and Express, bum round rum-shops [etc.]. 1876Wheatland (California) Free Press 4 Mar. 2/2 The Professor is readier..to ‘flunk’ the student, who spent his time ‘bumming’ the night before. 1883C. S. Keene in Layard Life & Lett. (1892) 350 I've been bumming around all day..and haven't caught a darned fish. 1890L. D'Oyle Notches 168 Qualifications which eminently fitted a man to ‘bum it’ on such a community. 1897Kipling Capt. Cour. 72 You ought to hev more sense than to bum araound on deck this weather. 1942P. Abrahams Dark Testament i. xiv. 75 Dinnie was the fellow with whom I went bumming in Vrededorp when I was a kid. 1950Manch. Guardian Weekly 12 Jan. 7 The unshaven months he spent bumming around New York.
2. trans. To beg; to obtain by begging; to cadge.
1863Unionville (Nevada) Humboldt Reg. 4 July 2/1 He offered to pay, and didn't undertake to bum a puff out. 1931W. Faulkner Sanctuary ii. 14, I have been walking and bumming rides ever since. 1931‘Dean Stiff’ Milk & Honey Route p. v, Nobody knows where the hobo..bums his feeds. 1941L. A. G. Strong Bay 279 An odd sort of bloke..bummed a light and a fill of tobacco off me.
b. To travel on (a train) without a ticket.
1896Pop. Sci. Monthly L. 254 Several of the ‘lads’ had been ‘pulled’ at the Rapids for ‘bumming the freights’.
c. To beg (a person) for (something); to cadge from.
1923H. L. Foster Beachcomber in Orient i. 2 Then he bummed me for the price of a ‘square meal’. 1931‘Dean Stiff’ Milk & Honey Route 191 He had bummed every guy up in Portland, And they all came across with the goods.
d. to bum one's way: to make one's way by begging; to hitch-hike.
1925F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby (1926) vii. 154 He was probably bumming his way home. 1932E. Wilson Devil Take Hindmost ii. 8 Some will bum their way—others will have their transportation provided.
▪ XI. bum, a. slang
(orig. U.S.).
[Cf. bum n.4]
Of poor, wretched, or miserable quality; spec. bum steer, false or poor information or advice.
1859in Pacific N.W. Quart. (1940) XXXI. 292 Bum River Ferry. 1888Nation (N.Y.) 31 May 439/2 One of them..heard B. called a ‘bum actor’. 1896Ade Artie xii. 109 He didn't have a sou markee except what was tied up in a bum little grocery store. 1911H. Quick Yellowstone N. vii. 190 A stranger that had seen better days and had a bum lung. 1924G. C. Henderson Keys to Crookdom 399 Bum steer, poor advice. 1931A. Powell Afternoon Men i. iii. 40 This is a bum party. 1934J. M. Cain Postman always rings Twice ix. 87 If I told a bum story first. 1957W. H. Whyte Organization Man 137 The muddy-headed way so many of us do [= talk] gives young men a bum steer.
▪ XII. † bum
Obs. Colloq. contraction for by my.
1571R. Edwards Damon & Pith. in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 73 Bum troth, but few such roisters come to my years. 1578Whetstone Promos & Cass. in Reed Dodsley IV. 7 (N.) Nay, bum-ladie, I will not. |