| 释义 |
▪ I. burnish, n. rare.|ˈbɜːnɪʃ|
[f. burnish v.1]
Burnishing; a burnishing; spec. anything laid over a surface to give a bright and glossy look.
c1647Crashaw Poems 135 Blushes, that bin The burnish of no sin. 1728Ramsay Ep. Friends Ireland, Giving ilka verse a burnish. 1781Smeathman in Phil. Trans. LXXI. 179 The lacquer or burnish with which the brasswork was covered was totally spoiled. 1871Daily News 6 Sept., The burnish..was..no subtraction from efficiency.
▪ II. burnish, v.1|ˈbɜːnɪʃ|
Forms: 4–5 burnissh, -essh, -yssch, bornyssh, 4–6 burnyssh, -isch, bornysch, 5 bornysh, burnesh, -esch, -eyssh, 5–6 burnysh, 6 burnech, bournysh, -yssh, byrnysh, 6– burnish. pa. pple.: also 4 bur-, bornyst(e, 5 burnysyd, byrnyst, 6 bur-, birneist.
[f. OF. burniss- stem of burnir, var. of brunir; cf. Pr. bornir; see burn v.2]
1. trans. To make (metal) shining by friction; to furbish; to polish (a surface) by rubbing with a hard and smooth tool.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. 554 Þe beryl bornyst byhouez be clene. 1375Barbour Bruce viii. 225 Thair basnetis burnyst var all brycht. 1460Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 102 Off clothes of gold burneysshed bright. 1556Chron. Gr. Friars (1852) 36 The standert new payntyd..the crosse new burnechyd. 1652Needham tr. Selden's Mare Cl. 192 They..burnish the hilts of their swords with the teeth of such great Animals as swim in the sea. 1837Thirlwall Greece IV. xxxiii. 291 Their shields were burnished for the occasion. 1875Ure Dict. Arts I. 424 Gold-leaf is laid upon the edges, and is then burnished with a polishing tool, tipped with agate.
b. fig. (Of things non-material.)
1526Pilgr. Perf. (1531) 61 b, Hye walles & noble, all bournysshed and polysshed with charite. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie (Arb.) 155 Figuratiue speaches [are] the instrument wherewith we burnish our language. 1606Dekker Sev. Sins ii. (Arb.) 21 If a Lye..be not smooth enough, there is no instrument to burnish it, but an oath. 1728Young Love Fame vii. (1757) 166 Pursuit of fame..into coxcombs burnishes our fools.
†c. in extended nonce-use.
1596Spenser F.Q. v. viii. 29 So forth he came all in a cote of plate Burnisht with bloudie rust.
2. transf. To make bright and glossy; to overspread with lustre.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1085 Þenne watz her blyþe barne burnyst so clene. 1658Sir T. T. de Mayerne Archimag. Anglo-Gall. xix. 17 You may burnish your pye or pasty and..put it to the Oven. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 249 Fruit burnisht with Golden Rind, Hung amiable. 1753Hogarth Anal. Beauty xii. 94 As he proceeds in burnishing the lights. 1833H. Martineau Cinn. & Pearls iv. 74 A mild sunshine burnished the scene.
b. absol. for refl. To make oneself shine.
1701D'Urfey Pills II. (1719) 104 A..flashy Fop..Who if he is not burnishing thinks he all's Time does lose.
3. Of a stag: To rub the dead ‘velvet’ or skin from his horns [cf. Fr. brunir in same sense]; applied loosely to the annual renewal of the horns, perhaps by confusion with burnish v.2
1616Bullokar, Burnish, is also a terme among hunters when Harts spread their hornes after they be fraied. 1677N. Cox Gentl. Recreat. (1706) 64 All Stags as they are burnish'd, beat their Heads dry against some Tree or other. 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 289 The Deer burnisheth his head. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v. Burnishing, Deer are said to burnish their heads, when rubbing off a white downy skin from their horns against a tree, they thrust them..into a reddish earth, to give them a new colour and lustre. 1792Osbaldistone Brit. Sportsm. 83/1.
4. intr. To become bright or glossy; to shine, gleam. Also fig.
1624Fletcher Rule a Wife 1, How you itch, Michael! how you burnish! 1713Swift Salamander Wks. 1755 III. ii. 77 I've seen a snake..Burnish, and make a gaudy show. 1763C. Smart Song David 61 The crocus burnishes alive Upon the snow-clad earth. a1834Lamb Wks. 491 With Churchill's compliment still burnishing upon her..lips.
5. trans. To fix into (a setting) by pressing down the metal rim with a burnisher.
1793Sir G. Shuckburgh in Phil. Trans. LXXXIII. 109 Upon the cell, into which the glass is burnished, and also upon the tube of the telescope, into which the cell is screwed.
▪ III. † ˈburnish, v.2 Obs. except dial.
Also 4 and 9 dial. barnish.
[Etymology unknown; connexion with senses 3 or 4 of prec. seems hardly possible, and is also opposed by the early s.w. and still dial. form barnish. East Anglian dial. uses furnish in same sense.]
1. intr. Of the human frame: To grow plump, or stout, to spread out; to increase in breadth.
1398Trevisa Barth De P.R. vi. i, This age is calde adolescencia, for it is full age to gete children, and able to barnisch [1535 burnyshe]. c1430Syr Generides 780 The childe..began to burnesh and sprede. 1601Holland Pliny I. 345 A man Groweth in height..vntill hee be one and twentie yeares of age: then beginnes he to spread and burnish in squarenesse. 1640Fuller Joseph's Coat (1867) 101 We must not all run up in height, like a hop-pole, but also burnish and spread in breadth. 1684Dryden Davenant's Circe Prol. 398 A slender Poet must have time to grow, And spread and burnish as his Brothers do. 1847–78Halliwell, Barnish, to increase in strength or vigour; to fatten; look ruddy and sleek. 1875Parish Sussex Dial. s.v., ‘You burnish nicely’, meaning, ‘You look well’.
b. transf.
1624Wotton Archit. in Reliq. Wotton. (1685) 68 Whether the Fabrick be of a beautiful Stature; whether for the breadth it appear well burnished. 1662Fuller Worthies ii. 190 [London] will be found to Burnish round about, to every point of the compasse. |