| 释义 |
by-
in composition.
A. A ME. variant spelling of the prefix bi-, be-, under which see most of the words, as, under be-, bycause, bydene, bydryve, byfall, byfore, byget, bygynne, bygile, etc.; under bi-, byreusy, byweve, etc. Those words only are given under by- for which no forms with be- or bi- have been met with.
B. by- (sometimes bye-): the preposition, adverb, or adjective by in combination, either in words already formed in OE. with the accented form of the prefix, bí-, biᵹ-, or in words of later formation, especially those in which by has an attributive sense, and cannot be separated by any clear line from by adj., since the use of the hyphen is very uncertain. All the principal words so formed are treated as main words in their alphabetical places; the less important and more obvious combinations here follow, under the various uses and senses of the prefix.
I.
1. Compounds in which by- is a prep., as by-rote a. See also by-hither, by-south (by prep. 9 c), by-ordinary, by-common, etc. (by prep. 7), and byhand.
1669Penn No Cross xx. §23 That a little By-rote Babble shall serve your Turn at the Great Day?
II. Compounds in which by- has an advb. force.
2. a. with nouns of agent or action, with senses ‘beside, past’; as by-inhabitant, by-seer, by-sitter, by-stroller; † by-lier, a neutral; † by-coming, passing; † by-settel, a lodger; so by-dweller, by-stander, etc.
1600Gowrie's Conspir. in Select. fr. Harl. Misc. (1793) 195 Which [doore]..he had lokked in his *bycomming.
1658W. Burton Itin. Anton. 135 Ruins of Walls, which the *by-inhabitants call, The old Work of Wrockcester.
a1572Knox Hist. Ref. 222 (Jam.) In caise it beis inquyred of all *By-lyars.
1642T. Hill Trade of Truth 45 Many are aposcopi, rather then Episcopi..*by-seers, rather then over⁓seers.
1612N. Riding Record Soc. I. 264 These persons following for reteyning of inmates or *by-settells.
1837Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. (1871) I. 63 Others of the..*by-sitters put various questions.
1859Sala Tw. round Clock 12 Yawing..on the *bye-strollers.
b. with sense ‘aside, side-’; as by-glance, by-glancing, by-leap, by-start, by-step, etc.; also indicating movement astray, or in a wrong direction, as by-fantasy, by-lusting, by-regard, by-thought, by-wishing; also by-view, etc. by(e)-child, -son, a bastard. dial. Cf. by-blow 3.
1873Lett. from Jamaica 81 Concubinage is a universal institution, and bears with it no disgrace. The offspring of such connexions—‘*bye-children’, ‘out-children’, or ‘love-children’, as they are called,—generally follow the mother. 1894Hall Caine Manxman iii. xvi, You'd be hearing of the by-child, it's like?
1609R. Barnerd Faithf. Shepheard 14 Interrupted with wauering thoughts and *by-fantasies.
a1659Cleveland Committee 2 No packing, I beseech you, no *by-glance.
1598R. Grenewey Tacitus, Ann. xiv. iii. (1622) 203 By a *by-glancing at Claudius raigne.
1571Golding Calvin on Ps. xi. 2 The fearfull bird, was fayne to make dyverse *byleapes.
1583― Calvin on Deut. cxxxvi. 835 He forbiddeth vs also to haue any *by lusting.
1623Lisle ælfric on O. & N.T. Pref. 11 They for divers *by-regards, may hide..the truth.
1887A. E. Barr Border Shepherdess xii, ‘That play-acting *by-son o' the Graeme.’ ‘He was no by-son.’
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 280 b, His soudiours in gooyng foorthward..made *by stertes out of their waye, and did muche oppression.
1567Drant Horace's Epist. To Rdr. 4 To speake according to the man, (which is a *bystep from the pathe of diuinitye). 1652Benlowes Theoph. xiii. cxvi. 251 Pardon the by-steps that my soul has trod.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iii. 279 No man can be so bente to praye, but that he shall fele many *bythoughts to crepe vpon him. 1601Dent Pathw. Heauen 322, I demand of you, whether you neuer had any by-thoughts in your praiers.
1571Golding Calvin on Ps. xxxv. 14 To some it seemeth a *by-wishing.
c. with a sense akin to that of side-blow, side-stroke; and often fig. of allusions in speech or writing: ‘Indirect’; as by-fling, by-hint, by-quip, by-stroke; by-wipe (= side-stroke).
1651Baxter Inf. Bapt. Apol. 8 Many told him of my *by-flings at him.
1853Kingsley Hypatia II. vi. 163 *By-hints, and unexpected hits at one and the other.
1855― Westw. Ho xiii, Some *bye-quip, perhaps, at the character of her most dainty captain.
1679Bedloe Popish Plot A b, I shall say nothing of their Politick *By-strooks.
1641Milton Animadv. (1851) 187 Wherefore that conceit of Legion with a *by-wipe?
d. with pples., as by-flown, by-travelling, by-wandering; by-advanced, already past; † by-come, past; by-peeping, looking aside; bygone, by-past, etc.
1827Carlyle Richter, Misc. (1869) 20 In thy steeples, behind the *by-advanced great midnight it struck half-past two.
1592Warner Alb. Eng. vii. xxxvi. (1612) 173 His happiest daies *by come or to be past.
1884H. S. Wilson Stud. Hist. 171 Mere names, vaguely realised through the mists of a *by-flown time.
1611Shakes. Cymb. i. vi. 108 *By peeping in an eye Base and illustrious.
1610J. Guillim Heraldry vi. vi, Lampen..took name from the *by-travailing River.
1567Pilgr. Parnass. i. 114 Keepe mee from devious and *by-wandringe wayes.
III. Combinations in which by has an adjectival force.
(Here the senses so pass one into another, that it is not possible to classify them distinctly; different senses also often blend in the same combination. The following arrangement aims only at presenting the more obvious combinations under their predominating sense.)
3. With a notion of local position or direction and usually equivalent to side.
a. in the sense ‘Placed beside, at one side, aside, or off at the side’, hence ‘out-of-the-way’; generally with relation to a main or principal thing of the same kind, and thus often involving some notion of ‘subsidiary’ or ‘subordinate’ (see 5): as in † by-board (= side-table), by-chamber, by-chapel, by-cliff, by-closet, by-dish, by-door, by-gulf, by-hole, by-nook, † by-note (= side or marginal note), by-paper, by-part, by-settle (= side seat or bench), by-slade, † by-stall, by-station, by-tail, by-town, by-vale, by-window; also by-place, by-room, by-table, etc.
1637Rutherford Lett. lxxvii. (1862) I. 198 A sufferer for Christ..will be fain to eat with the bairns and to take the *by-board.
1853Kingsley Hypatia II. xii. 312 Where was he now? In a little *by chamber.
1562Cooper Answ. Priv. Masse (1850) 99 To creep in corners or *by-chapels as a sign of separation.
1596C. Fitzgeffrey Sir F. Drake (1881) 88 O now descend my ever mourning Muse Downe from the *by-cliffe of thy sisters mount.
1696Whiston Th. Earth Introd. 57 Will a wise Builder bestow twice as much time in decking..of one *Bycloset of inferior use?
1599H. Buttes Diet's Dry Dinner in James I's Counterbl. (Arb.) 92, I haue put into a *by-dish (like Eg-shelles in a Saucer) what worthily may breed offence.
1545Brinklow Lament. (1874) 94 They may also forsake their *bydores, and clyminge in at the windowes.
1639Fuller Holy War ii. xxxi. (1840) 90 He, like a *by-gulf, devoured her affection, which should flow to her children.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 565 They..seek for Inspirations and Revelations in *by-holes amongst the squallid Sepulchers of the dead.
1862Country Gentl. II. 145 Odd corners, and little *by-nooks.
1579G. Harvey Letter-bk. (1884) 78, I have once in my life bestowid uppon the a *Byenote for thy lerninge. a1603T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N.T. (1618) 581 This reliefe, whereof your by-note in the margent tatleth.
1659Instruct. Oratory 108 A memorandum being made of it in a *by-paper as you are writing.
1707J. Stephens Quevedo's Com. Wks. (1709) 54 Apple-street..is a *by-part of the Town.
1602Rowlands Greene's Ghost (1860) 26 A cloake vpon a *by-settle.
1635J. Hayward Banish'd Virg. 126 They found, in an uncouth *by-slad, a slender Barge.
1682MS. Ord. Crt. of Sewers, Alford, Lincolnsh., The breaches of the New Sea Banke & *Bystall lately broken.
1864Times 24 Dec., A goods train is timed to be shunted at a *by-station.
1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., *By-tail, the right handle of a plough; it is fastened to the ‘shell⁓board’.
1683Royal Procl. in Lond. Gaz. No. 1856/2 A Settled Post in or near particular *By-Towns, or Places lying on the Post Road.
1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. iv. 10 Dayes wherein Fog..chooses to nestle in a *by-Vale.
1611L. Barrey Ram Alley iv, She is shewing..rare faces In a *by-window.
b. in the sense ‘Running along-side and apart’, whence ‘devious, circuitous’, and again ‘little used, unfrequented’; as in by-alley, by-conduit, by-course, by-court, by-cut, by-ditch, by-journey, by-rill, by-river, by-route, by-shoot, by-stream, by-track, by-turning, by-water; also bygang (dial.), a by-path; by-gate (dial.), a by-way; by-lead = by-wash; by-sprouting, a side-shoot; by-wash (see quot.); also by-channel, by-street, by-walk, etc.
1667Primatt City & C. Build. 148 The Statute..for *By-Alleys, Lanes, By-Courts, and such places.
1631Celestina iv. 50 Glory and quietnesse run from the rich by other *by-conduits and gutters of subtilty and deceit.
1626Impeach. Dk. Buckhm. in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1659) I. 305 Irregular running into all *by-courses of the Planets.
1753World No. 52 Returning home through a *by-court.
1883Pall Mall G. 10 Nov. 8/2 Clearing the Regent's Canal and the *by-cut at Haggerston.
1650Fuller Pisgah i. x. 32 The *by-ditches of Dan and Bethel, did not so drain the peoples devotion.
1855Whitby Gloss., *By-gang, a by-path.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (Rolls Ser.) 10145 *Bigate [see byway]. 1573J. Tyrie Refut. Knox's Answ. Pref. 7 (Jam.) Euer seikand refugis and by-gets. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. 102 Thay take the pray, be bout-gates alanerlie & bygates. 1808Mayne Siller Gun 31 (Jam.) By a' the bye-gates..crowds were flocking down.
1673Ray Journ. Low C. 38 Before we left Leyden we made a *by-journey to Sevenbuys.
a1711Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 243 Sin with *by-rills devaricates the Stream.
1577–87Harrison Descr. Brit. i. xvi. 107 A verie few *by-rivers.
1855Chamb. Jrnl. IV. 37 We return to the city by a *by-route little frequented.
1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. viii. §3 (1681) 161 Take away about blossoming time, all the *by-shots.
1562Turner Herbal ii. 84 a, Peony..hath many *bysproutynges.
1615Crooke Body of Man 550 Learned men..may repaire to those fountaines from whence we haue drawne our *by-streame.
1834M. Scott Cruise Midge (1863) 39 We encountered in another small *by-tracke..three others.
1581Sidney Def. Poesie (Arb.) 39 The many *by-turnings that may diuert you from your way.
1885Ogilvie, *Bye-wash, By-lead, a channel cut to convey the surplus water from a reservoir or aqueduct, and prevent overflow.
1864H. W. Bates Nat. Amazon vi. 150 An extensive lake..which..has therefore the appearance of a *by-water or an old channel of the river.
c. transferred to matters, action, etc., collateral with the main matter or action: ‘aside, side-’, as in by-battle, by-concernment, by-consideration, by-dialogue, by-discourse, by-disputation, by-history, by-interest, by-issue, by-object, by-point, by-question, by-touch; also by-play.
1842De Quincey Cicero Wks. VI. 207 The *by-battle with the Cilician pirates is more obscure.
1667Dryden Ess. Dram. Poesie Wks. 1725 I. 51 Our Plays, besides the main design, have Under Plots, or *By-Concernments.
1691Norris Pract. Disc. 60 We are not determined..but by some other *By-consideration.
1818Scott Rob Roy xxx, This *by-dialogue prevented my hearing what passed between the prisoner and Captain Thornton.
1655–60Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 557/2 It is fit to premise, and put, as a *By discourse, a Treatise concerning Divine Nature.
1580G. Harvey 3 Wittie Lett. 33 But to let this *by⁓disputation passe.
1697Verdicts conc. Virg. & Homer iii. 6 The marshalling..of the Episodes or *by-Histories.
1801T. Jefferson Writ. (1830) III. 484 They have so many other *by-interests of greater weight.
1768Tucker Lt. Nat. II. 503 A thousand *by-objects soliciting on all sides.
1610Bp. Carleton Jurisd. 160 Not spending time in the examination of *by-points. 1886Pall Mall G. 14 Sept. 5/2 But this is a by-point; and in its main line..Mr. Montague's work could hardly be improved upon.
1603Sir C. Heydon Jud. Astrol. xviii. 385 To digresse from the matter in hand to *by-questions.
1832J. C. Hare Philol. Museum I. 469 The value of the poems is independent of these *by-touches.
d. The sense ‘aside’, develops that of ‘private, privy, covert’; also connoting ‘indirect, underhand, or sinister’ dealing, as by-aim, by-babbling, by-conference, by-contrivement, by-design, by-errand, by-intent, by-interest, by-motive, by-payment, by-practice, by-purpose, by-trick, by-warning, by-wit.
1702Case of Schedule Stated 7 [He] might have other *By-aims, and Collateral Views, in what he did.
1614J. Robinson Relig. Commun. 64 His *by-bablings, and revyleings.
1625K. Long tr. Barclay's Argenis ii. xii. 103 Amongst other *by-conference, hee learned much..touching the Queenes affaires.
1657Reeve God's Plea Ep. Ded. 12 All *by-contrivments are but sinister drifts and bents.
1622–62Heylin Cosmogr. (1674) To Rdr. A ij, Without any *by-design to abuse the Reader. 1706Reflex. upon Ridicules 116 With a by-design to be paid by them in the same coin.
1673Cave Prim. Chr. iii. i. 228 To go to Court upon *by-errands and private designs of their own.
1619Lushington Repetit.-Serm. in Phenix (1708) II. 483 Had they any *By-intent, they would have been very forward to report and spread the Fame.
1692Locke Toleration iii. viii, A Pretence made use of to cover some other *By-Interest.
1849Grote Greece (1854) I. 434 With the certainty of..counterworking sinister *by-motives.
1820Shelley Œdipus Tyr. ii. i, The patronage, and pensions, and *by-payments.
1913C. Read in Eng. Hist. Rev. Jan. 48 Walsingham believed that his [sc. Burghley's] *by-practice through Hunsdon with Arran was influenced by these considerations.
1826E. Irving Babylon II. 444 If ye carry any *by-purposes in your breast..woe unto you!
1818Hazlitt Eng. Poets iii. (1870) 85 To support his argument by the *by-tricks of a hump and cloven foot.
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. **vj a, Aristotle..gaue a *bywarnyng with this verse of the poete Homere.
1605Breton Soul's Immort. Crowne i. (D.) She is of a more heuenly nature, Than with such *by-wit to abuse a creature.
e. Sometimes the sense appears to be ‘wrested from the right, distorted, erroneous’.
1670Baxter Cure Ch.-div. 174 He will make but an engine of his *by-opinions, to destroy true Piety.
1782J. Trumbull McFingal iii. (1795) 68 Liberty in your own *by-sense Is but for crimes a patent license.
1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. A vii b, Sondry deformed *byshapes of doctrine are fostered upp in the Church.
1651Mr. Love's Case 33 Not wont to pervert or wrest words into *by-significations.
¶ See also 2 b., c., for combinations which lie on the border between the adverbial and adjective uses of by.
4. Occurring or done out of the ordinary course, or in the intervals between main occasions, or main engagements; apart from the main purpose; occurring by the way, incidental, casual, as by-accident, by-betting, by-bit, by-business, by-day, by-drinking, by-drop, by-employment, by-goodness, by-hour, by-job, by-letter, by-match, by-production (= Gr. πάρεργον), by-service, by-sess, by-vote, by-wager; † by-acquist, an incidental gain; by-charge, a casual expense; † by-clap, ? an interlude; also by-time, by-work, etc.
1648Bp. Hall Select Th. §24 Whatever *by-accidents I may meet withal besides.
1661Boyle Style of H. Script. 48 Our *By-acquists do richly recompence our frustrated pains.
1886H. Smart Outsider II. i. 2 On no race of late years had there been so much *bye-betting, that is to say, wagers in which one horse was backed against one other.
1818Scott Br. Lamm. iv, A *by bit between meals.
1653Holcroft Procopius ii. 49 Those Romans finding Petra in their way, attempted the Castle as a *by-businesse. a1677Barrow Serm. (1840) II. 403 A παρεργον, a diversion or by-business of our lives.
1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. ccxxiv. [ccxx.] 702 To paye the erles *by charges.
1661R. Davenport City Nt.-Cap iv. in Dodsley (1780) XI. 332 No mask but a *by-clap.
1637Laud Sp. Star-Chamb. 14 June 18 Upon those *by-dayes [i.e. days when there is no sermon] to runne to other Churches. 1857Guy Livingstone 32 (Hoppe) Being park-hack in the summer, and cover-hack in the winter, with a bye-day now and then when the country's light.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. iii. 84 You owe Money..for your Dyet, and *by-Drinkings. 1824Blackw. Mag. XVI. 662 The whole expense, by-drinkings included, might be defrayed for four pounds.
1647Fuller Good Th. in Worse T. (1841) 95, I..sprinkle some *by-drops for the instruction of the people.
a1617Hieron Wks. II. 84 To deceiue their inward anguish, by I know not what *by-imployments.
a1679T. Goodwin Wks. (1861) I. 417 There is a proper goodness, and there is an accidental, a *by-goodness.
1639J. Saltmarsh Policy 278 The best opportunities are meale times, and some other *by-houres of relaxation. 1867Smiles Huguenots Eng. xiv. (1880) 247 His chief delight in his bye-hours was to shut himself up with Le Gendre's arithmetic.
1773Graves Spir. Quix. ii. ii. (D.) He could secrete a tester for some *bye-job.
1685Royal Procl. in Lond. Gaz. No. 2068/2 The Post-Master General..to take effectual Care for the Conveyance of all *By-Letters.
1758Johnson Idler No. 62 ⁋10 A chesnut horse..who won..ten *by-matches.
1870Lowell Study Wind. 110 The *by-productions of a busy man.
1639Fuller Holy War iii. xviii. (1840) 146 Employing the army of pilgrims in *by-services.
1650Overseers' Acc. Holy Cross, Canterb., Sixe *By Sesses made within the yeare.
1880H. E. Manning in 19th Cent. Aug. 181 But Parliament has not yet confirmed that *by-vote. Ibid. A by-vote like that which shut the door of the House of Commons against Horne Tooke because he was a clergyman.
1886H. Smart Outsider Others.. who had laid these heavy *bye-wagers, looking upon the horse as having no possible chance, had never taken the trouble to secure themselves.
5. Of character, relative standing, or importance: Additional, extra, subsidiary, secondary, minor, of less importance. Contrasted with main. As by-art, by-assembly, by-authority, by-bill, by-book, by-cause, by-ceremony, by-character, by-crop, by-dependency, by-feature, by-help, by-ingredient, by-knife, by-meaning, by-meter, by-ornament, by-part, by-root, by-rule, by-saint's-day, by-stamp, by-taste, by-tone, by-world, by-writer, etc., etc. Also by-bootings (? boltings), ‘the finest kind of bran’ (Halliw.); by-faith, a secondary article of belief; by-form, a collateral and sometimes less frequent form; spec. in Philology; by-foundation, a second endowment or benefaction; by-founder, the bestower of such an endowment; † by-leman, a second lover or gallant (see quots.); by-member, an additional limb; by-stake, each of the short intermediate stakes used in basket-making; hence by-stake v., to furnish with by-stakes; by-staking vbl. n.; by-tack (see quot.).
a1643W. Cartwright On death of Mrs. Ashford (R.) What others now count qualities and parts She thought but complements, and meer *by-arts.
1673Sir L. Jenkins Let. in W. Wynne Life I. 121 Encouraging a kind of *by-assembly here of the best affected princes of Germany.
1622F. Markham Bk. War iv. ix. §6. 156 Many other *by-authorities are transferred vpon these officers, as distribution of victuals.
1732Acc. Workhouses 148 The weekly payments to the poor were 3l. 5s. or thereabouts, besides *By-bills, as they are called.
1663–4Pepys Diary 24 Jan., I..fell on entering, out of a *bye-book, part of my second journall-book. 1593Munic. Acc. Newcastle (1848) 29 Keepeinge the by-booke of the rente of Gateshead.
1614B. Jonson Barth. Fair iii. i, I, the said Adam, was one cause (a *by-cause) why the purse was lost.
1633Ames Agst. Cerem. ii. 122 He..doeth now..admit such *by-Ceremonies.
1884W. G. Wills in Pall Mall G. 28 July 4/2 The *by-characters..support and feed the situations chiefly occupied by an impression full-length.
1880Academy 24 July 61 Jute is only a *by-crop, like turnips and beans in this country.
1611Shakes. Cymb. v. v. 390 All the other *by-dependancies, From chance to chance.
a1679T. Goodwin Wks. (1864) VIII. 487 The Jews sought it [i.e. righteousness] but as a *by-faith.
c1683Dryden Vind. Dk. of Guise Wks. 1725 V. 318 There is..no Dash of a Pen to make any *By-feature resemble him to any other Man.
1887tr. Hehn's Wanderings Pl. & Anim. 461 Some Teutonic languages have a *by-form in which the Latin n is retained. 1905Science 26 May 802/2 The English masque is a by-form of the English drama. 1934Priebsch & Collinson German Lang. ii. ii. 172 The plural Dinge has a pejorative bye-form in Dinger.
1655Fuller Ch. Hist. iii. 75 There is a *By-Foundation of Postmasters in this House, (a kinde of Colledg in the Colledg).
― Hist. Camb. (1840) 216 The bounty of sir Francis Clark..justly entitled him to be a *by-founder.
1571Golding Calvin on Ps. lxxiii. 25 They truste to theire owne riches and other *byhelpes. 1882T. G. Pinches in Trans. Philol. Soc. i. 99 We have, in these tongues, a valuable by-help in the Science of Semitic philology.
1645J. Goodwin Innoc. & Truth Tri. To Rdr. 2 Did not the God of Truth..put many a *by ingredient into his providence.
c1570Leg. Bp. St. Andrews in Scot. Poems 16th C. II. 323 With yt his *byknife forth hes tane. c1650in C. Innes Sk. Scot. Hist. (1861) 431 He had a dirk and a ‘by knife’ for Highland expeditions.
c1400Lay le Freine 103 Yif ich say ich hadde a *bi-leman. a1400Octouian (W.) 119 Thy yonge wyyf: Sche hathd a by-leman.
1836–7Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. iii. (1859) I. 54 Discharge from your minds the *by-meaning accidentally associated with the word empiric.
1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xxiii. iii, A *bye membre she [nature] wyll than more devyse.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour III. 270 (Hoppe) There were formerly several *bye-meters (for coal), chosen by the merchants from their own men, as they pleased.
1639Massinger Unnat. Comb. Ded., When such *by-ornaments were not advanced above the fabric of the whole work.
1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 19 A *by-part of Surgery not common.
1578Chr. Prayers in Priv. Prayers (1851) 527 To weaken the principal root, that the *byroots..may lose all their power.
1862Pope Dubois on People Ind. iii. vi. (ed. 2) 336 note, The *bye-rule that no one shall engage in the same employment as his neighbour.
1624Gee Foot out of Snare 79 When he preacheth vpon any *By-Saints-day.
1912T. Okey Art of Basket-making viii. 84 It is usual to supplement the stakes with *bye-stakes..which are inserted in the waling of the upsett between the pairs of stakes. This is termed half bye-staking. Square work is full bye-staked. 1960E. Legg Country Baskets 43 Double stakes—this is side stakes and long bye-stakes.
1884Law Times Rep. LI. 221/2 They registered such name in Sweden as a *bye-stamp in addition to such mark.
1836J. Downes Mount. Decameron III. 74 Didn't my father put his father into a *bye tack of our farm? 1847–78Halliw., Bytack, a farm taken in addition to another farm, and on which the tenant does not reside. Herefordsh. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. s.v., One 'afe o' the farms bin let bytack.
1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 183 Persons of a nice palate loathe the milk on account of a *by-taste, which the turnips give it.
1852Seidel Organ 87 The higher the fundamental tone is, the quicker the *by-tones follow each other.
1711Shaftesbury Charac. (1737) II. 298 'Tis only a separate *by-world, of which perhaps there are, in the wide waste, millions besides. 1872Lytton Parisians vii. iii, She..did enjoy that ideal by-world.
1577–87Harrison Descr. Brit. i. ix. 23 Let us see what Fortunatus hath written..and afterward what is to be found of other *by-writers.
6. in the sense of Counterfeit, mock, pseudo-, as † by-fruit, a gall or other excrescence simulating a fruit; † by-gold, imitation gold, tinsel; cf. bi-gold; by-teacher.
1679Plot Staffordsh. (1686) 224 That *by-fruit that grows on the leaves of the Oak, which we call Galls. 1682Lister in Phil. Coll. XII. 166 By-fruits or Wens which Insects raise upon Vegetables.
1611Cotgr., Orpel, silver and *by-gold; a kind of leafe-tinne.
1633Ames Agst. Cerem. ii. 210 He maketh shew of a distinction, betwixt an authentique teacher, and another..*by-teacher. |