| 释义 |
▪ I. bide, v.|baɪd|
Forms: 1 bídan, 2–6 biden, 3– bide; also 3–6 byde(n, 4 bidde, 5 Sc. byd. pa. tense 1 bád, pl. bidon, 3–5 bad(e, pl. 2–4 biden, 3–6 bod, 4–5 bood, 5 boode, 6–7 boad, 3– bode; 6 bid, 7– bided; also north. 3–4 badd, 3–6 baid, 4 badde, 5 bayd, 6 bed, 8 bade. pa. pple. 1–4 biden, 4–7 bidden, 6 bid; also 3–4 biden, 4–6 bydden, 5 beddyn, 6 byden, 9 dial. bodden.
[Com. Teut.: OE. bídan (pa. tense bád, bidon; pple. biden) = OS. bîdan (MDu. bîden), OHG. bîtan (MHG. bîtan, mod. dial. G. beiten), ON. bíða, Goth. beidan:—OTeut. *bîdan to wait. Mostly replaced in mod.Eng. by its compound abide, but regularly preserved in northern Eng. and Sc., and also employed by 19th c. poets, partly perhaps as an archaism, partly as an aphetized form of abide.]
I. intr.
1. To remain in expectation, to wait. Often with an adverbial adjunct of time. (Chiefly northern, but used by modern poets.)
c1000Ags. Ps. lv[i]. 6 Swa min sawl bad. a1300Cursor M. 10991 Quen þai had beden til þai war irk Þai com þamself in-to þe kyrk. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 982 Ones ho bluschet to þe burȝe, bot bod ho no lenger. a1400Sir Perc. 569 The childe thoghte he longe bade That he ne ware a knyghte made. 1483Cath. Angl. 31 To Byde, expectare. 1634Malory Arthur (1816) II. 307 He shall receive by thee his health, the which had bidden so long. 1816Scott Old Mort. xxiii, ‘Bide a wee, bide a wee,’ said Cuddie. 1864Tennyson En. Ard. 435 Will you not bide your year as I bide mine? 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. xvi, ‘Bide a bit.’
†b. Const. for, to; on, upon (north.). Obs.
a1300Vox & Wolf 135 Ich hedde so ibede for the. 1609Skene Reg. Mag. 124 Except he fraudfullie absent himselfe, and in that case, he sal be bidden vpon..be the space of fourtie dayes.
2. To remain or continue in some state or action; to continue to be (something). arch.
c893K. ælfred Oros. iii. iii. §3 Seo eorþe giniende bád. c1000Ags. Ps. ciii[iv]. 11 Bídað assan eac onþurste. a1300Cursor M. 1907 Yeit he baid seuen dais in rest. c1340Ibid. 19836 (Trin.) In orisoun he lay and bode. 1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle v. i. (1859) 68 Ful longe there I boode in my torment and peyne. c1530Jacob & 12 Sonnes (Collier) 12 Rachel bod long barrain. 1611Bible Rom. xi. 23 If they bide not still in vnbeliefe. 1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. vi. xliv, And thirstie drinks, and drinking thirstie bides. 1871R. Ellis Catullus viii. 10 Nor follow her that flies thee, or to bide in woe Consent.
b. to bide by (rarely at): to stand firm by, adhere to, stick to, maintain. † to bide upon: to dwell or insist upon (a point). Obs.
1494Fabyan vi. cciv. 214 For this [battle] was so strongly bydden by, that men coude nat iudge whiche parte had the better. 1526Tindale Mark x. 7 And for this thingis sake shall a man leve father and mother and byde by his wife. 1536Sir R. Moryson in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. App. lxxii, Many things..which be both truly spoken and cannot but do good being bydden bye. 1559Kennedy Let. in Misc. Wodrow Soc. (1844) 266 He gaif me nevir answir to my wryttingis, nor ȝit baid at his sayingis. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. i. ii. 242 To bide upon 't: thou art not honest. 1847Tennyson P'cess v. 316 Worthy reasons why she should Bide by this issue.
Cf. to be a bidden by, prop. abidden by: to be maintained; also advb. = undoubtedly, we may be sure.
1549Latimer Serm. bef. Edw. VI, v. (Arb.) 133 To be a bidden by he would have done much good in that part.
3. To remain in a place, or with a person, as opposed to going away; to stay. Often with the idea of remaining behind when others go. arch.
c893K. ælfred Oros. ii. v. §7 Þonne he þær leng bide. [c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxvi. 38 Gebídaþ her and waciaþ mid me.] c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 149 Wuo is mi soule þat ich bide here swo longe. a1300Cursor M. 16744 Durst naman wit him bide. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 34 Y thought to haue byddyn ther in the same place tyl the mornyng. 1515Barclay Ecloges i. (1570) A v/4 Better were for suche to have bid at home. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus ii. 399 He baid..Vpon that hill..Him to refresche. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. xi. 40 So there all day they bode, till light the sky forsooke. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. ii. 3 Such as dive and bide long under the Water. 1857Emerson Poems 89 Who bides at home, nor looks abroad. 1868Morris Earthly Par. I. 68 While we bided on that flowery down.
4. Of things: To remain, be left. to let a thing bide: to leave it where it is; to leave it alone for the present, to let it stand over.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 449 Þaȝ þe kyste in the cragez wern closed to byde. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. lxxix. (1495) 913 Yf they byde in the stomak they torne sone to fumosyte and corrupcion. c1470Henry Wallace v. 166 A gret power at Dipplyn still thar baid. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 154 Heauen and earth shal sooner perish, then one iot bide behind of that he hath promised. a1631Donne Poems (1650) 72 Waters stinke soone, if in one place they bide. 1866Kingsley Herew. iv. 97 We will let the crow bide.
5. To remain in residence; to sojourn, dwell, reside. arch.
c1280Fall & Passion 40 in E.E.P. (1862) 13 Nedis he most wend to helle..þere he most bide an dwelle. c1386Chaucer Cook's T. 35 This ioly prentys with his maister bood [v.r. bode]. 1482Monk of Evesham (Arb.) 26 Than bode with hym a certeyn brother. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 400 The world, in which they bootles boad. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. iii. (1651) 258 Some..will know..what God did..Where did he bide. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 321 All knees to thee shall bow, of them that bide In Heaven, or Earth, or under Earth in Hell. 1798Coleridge Anc. Mar. v. xxv, The spirit who bideth by himself In the land of mist and snow. 1821J. Baillie Met. Leg., Lady G. B. xii. 9 Many his wants who bideth lonely there.
II. trans.
6. To wait for, await. Now only in the phrase, to bide one's time: to await one's opportunity.
c950Lindisf. G. Matt. xi. 3 Oðer we bidas. 971Blickl. Hom. 7 Drihtnes engel bideþ þinre ᵹeþafunga. c1230Hali Meid. 11 Eauer bide his grace. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 622 We byde þe here. 1382Wyclif Ps. cxviii. [cxix.] 166, I bod thin helthe ȝiuere, Lord. c1420Avow. Arth. xxii, Atte Tarnewathelan Bidus me Sir Gauan. 1513Douglas æneis vii. x. 122 Now at the dur deyd redy bydis me. 1611Bible Wisd. viii. 12 When I hold my tongue they..shal bide my leisure. 1853Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. xvii. 218. §1 They bide their time and then suddenly present themselves. 1873Smiles Huguenots Fr. i. ix. (1881) 191 They held their peace and bided their time.
7. To await in resistance, to face, encounter, withstand; = abide 14.
[a1000Beowulf 3241 Se þe ǽr æt sæcce gebád wíᵹ-hrýre wráðra.] c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 376 He baldly hym bydez. 1480Robt. Devyll 23 None durst hym byde there at all. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxxxix. 532 Some of the capitayns wolde that thenglisshmen shulde be byden, and some other sayd nay, bycause they were nat strong ynough to abyde them that were fresshmen. 1664Floddan F. ix. 83 Yet for defence they fiercely frame And narrow dint with danger boad. 1813Scott Rokeby v. xxxii, They dare not, hand to hand, Bide buffet from a true man's brand. 1877Bryant Odyss. v. 583 Two men and three, in that abundant store, Might bide the winter storm.
†8. To await submissively, submit to. Obs.
c1205Lay. 4721 Þæt ne sulde he nauere ibiden þe while þe he mihte riden. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 545 The kynges wil wald he noght bide, Worth of him what may bityde.
†9. To endure, suffer, bear, undergo; = abide 16. Obs. exc. dial.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 33 Ne wot no man hwat blisse is þe naure wowe ne bod. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3105 Maniȝe ðor sorȝe on liue bead. c1400Sir Perc. 627 The sorowe that the kinge bade Mighte no tonge telle. 1530Palsgr. 454/2, I can nat byde this payne. 1601Shakes. Twel. N. ii. iv. 304 There is no womans sides Can bide the beating of so strong a passion. 1671Milton P.R. i. 59 Wherein we Must bide the stroak of that long threatn'd wound. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. i. xxii, Who bides his grasp will that encounter rue. 1816Scott Antiq. xl, I wonder how younger folk bide it—I bide it ill.
†b. to bide out: to endure to the end. Obs.
1637Rutherford Lett. 85 I. 217 To bide out the seige.
10. To tolerate, endure, put up with; = abide 17.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 1594 If iacob took her also a wif, Ne bode ic no lengere werldes lif. 1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 32 For he..May not byde þat burne. 1810Tannahill Poems (1846) 25, I cou'dna bide the thought. 1816Scott Antiq. xii, I could never bide the staying still in ae place. 1884Tennyson Becket 84 Tho' I can drink wine I cannot bide water, my lord.
▪ II. † bide, byde, n. Obs.
[f. prec. vb.]
1. A dwelling, dwelling-place, habitation.
a1300Salomon & Sat. (1848) 273 Ne make þe nout for þy to wroþt, þaȝ þou byde borewe. c1435Torr. Portugal 1463 With wyld bestis to have byde.
2. Delay, stay.
a1000Riddles iv. 3 (Gr.) Hwilum mec min frea..on bid wriceð. a1300Cursor M. 1761 Quen al was tift was þar na bide, þe stormes ras on ilka side. c1325Leg. Rood (1871) 113 Vp he rase wiþ-outen bide. |