| 释义 |
secession|sɪˈsɛʃən|
[ad. L. sēcessiōn-em, n. of action f. sēcēdĕre: see secede v. Cf. F. sécession (17th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), Sp. secesion, It. secessione.]
†1.
a. The action or an act of going away from one's accustomed neighbourhood, or of retiring from public view; the condition of living remote from one's former home, or retired from public view; retirement. Obs.
1604F. Herring Mod. Defence B j, Secession and departing the city hath beene a meane to preserue many [from the Plague]. 1645Bp. Hall Peace-maker viii. 64 The cels and cloysters of retired Votaries, whose very secession proclaimes their contempt of sinfull seculars. 1648― Select Th. Pref., To make use of my late Secession for the production of divers..Tractates. 1659Pearson Creed (1839) 302 The unspotted soul of our Jesus was really and actually separated from his body, that his flesh was bereft of natural life by the secession of that soul. 1689Andros Tracts II. 152 They [the Puritan founders of New England] resolved on a peaceable secession into a corner of the World. 1760Sterne Tr. Shandy iv. xv, No desire—or fear—or doubt that troubles the air,..that the imagination may not pass over without offence in that sweet secession. 1803Beddoes Hygëia x. 31 During this secession he lived under the same roof with an insane patient. 1847J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Ch. x. 106 The secession of many eminent men from the island.
†b. Of a material thing: Departure, removal to a distance; separation. Obs.
1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter v. 19 Natural darkness;..necessarily following upon the secession or absence of the sun. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. ii. 57 The accession of bodyes upon, or secession thereof, from its surface. 1797Cruikshank in Phil. Trans. LXXXVII. 213 The secession of the amnion from the chorion.
†c. (See quot.) Obs.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Secession of a Parliament, the Adjournment or breaking-up of it.
2. a. Rom. Hist. Used to render L. secessio (plebis), the temporary migration of the plebeians to a place outside the city, in order to compel the patricians to grant redress of their grievances.
1533Bellenden Livy ii. xxiv. (S.T.S.) I. 231 At þat tyme war acceppit be þame may wikkit & sorouffull lawis þan evir war acceppit be secessioun of pepill to þe sacrate montane. a1760W. Duncan Cicero's Sel. Orat. xiv. (1841) 298 At first, Caesar, you thought it only a secession, not a war. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage 63 Nor need we relate..how these same Plebeians,..by..their secessions to the sacred mount first obtained inviolable magistrates of their own.
†b. A desertion, repudiation of allegiance. Obs.
1601Bp. W. Barlow Serm. Paules Crosse 23 They..who with Shebah,..will make a secession from their prince.
3. a. The action of seceding or formally withdrawing from an alliance, a federation, a political or religious organization, or the like. Hence, a body of seceders.
War of Secession: the American Civil War (1861–5), which arose out of the attempt of eleven of the Southern States to secede from the United States of North America.
1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 222 The Sesession [sic] of the Church, King, and Kingdom of England, from the Papacy. 1670in Somers Tracts I. 12 This Secession of Members did very much facilitate the Entry into, and Continuance of the War. 1697S. Sewall Diary 20 Sept. (1878) I. 460 That Mr. Cotton should make an orderly secession from the Church. 1777Burke Let. to Rockingham Wks. IX. 171 If the Secession were to be general, such an attendance, followed by such an act, would have force. 1825Macaulay Ess., Milton (1851) I. 21 After so many deaths, secessions and expulsions. 1845Encycl. Metrop. X. 764/1 The Church of England..would be naturally perpetuated as it now is, and every secession from it would be as truly a Schism. 1848A. Jameson Sacr. & Leg. Art (1850) 115 The secession of the Protestant Church. 1861Lowell E Pluribus Unum Pr. Wks. 1890 V. 53 Rebellion smells no sweeter because it is called Secession. 1861Times 23 May, The term ‘secession’ is objected to,..because ‘secession’, like ‘federation’, expresses an absolute equality and correlation of rights which..the Northern States are not prepared to concede. 1872Yeats Growth Comm. 355 If the private interest of any town could be better served by severance from the league there was no spirit to prevent a secession. 1879Encycl. Brit. X. 469/2 (Germany), Several communities as well as individuals declared their secession from the Roman Church. 1885M. Pattison Mem. 235, I have spoken of the sudden lull which fell upon Oxford..the moment the secessions to Rome were announced. 1888A. Johnston in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 772/2 Some assurance of united action must have been obtained, for South Carolina ventured into secession.
b. spec. The separation from the Established Church of Scotland, initiated in 1733 by the Rev. Ebenezer Erskine and other ministers; the religious body (more fully the Secession Church) which originated from this separation.
1733E. Erskine, etc. Protest in A. Thomson Hist. Secession Ch. (1848) 72 Therefore we do..protest that we are obliged to make a secession from them [the prevailing party in this Established Church], and that we can have no ministerial communion with them, till [etc.]. 1782J. Brown Addr. Students of Div. p. xviii, I look upon the Secession as indeed the Cause of God. 1860J. Cairns Mem. J. Brown i. 3 That form of Scottish dissent, called the Secession..had taken its rise in 1733.
c. rarely in wider sense: Withdrawal (from a share in conversation, etc.).
1843Lytton Last of Barons i. vi, Perfectly unconscious of the secession of his other listeners.
d. Also with capital initial. [tr. G. Sezession.] A radical movement in art that began in Vienna and was contemporaneous with, and related to, art nouveau; the style of this movement. Freq. with the. Cf. Sezessionstil, secessionist b (quot. 1901).
[1890Art Jrnl. July 221/1 The important secession which..followed upon the recent retirement of M. Meissonier from all connection with the great annual exhibition of Paris. 1894Mag. of Art XVII. 416/1 The secession of Munich is only one of the effects of the painter's shyness of regulation.] 1896Amer. Architect & Building News 8 Feb. 63/1 ‘Secession’ is a nom de guerre of the ‘Verein Bildener Kuenstler Muenchens (A.V.)’. a1935F. Ponsonby Recollections of Three Reigns (1951) ix. 123 Inside it was composed of every style of mural decoration, but predominantly what was called ‘art nouveau’ or ‘secession’. 1972T. Walters Art Nouveau 6 The Secessionists..were determined to carefully build up a whole revolutionary way of life in which every object..whether a lavatory seat or an underground station, was designed to meet the ideals of the Secession.
†4. (See quots.) Obs.
1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. i. xiv. 28 A Medicament is called Cathartick, or purging, because by some way it draws noxious humours out of our bodies, as by vomiting, or secession. 1724Bailey (ed. 2), Secession (among Physicians), the going off [1742 (ed. 10) of a Disease] by Secretion.
5. attrib. and Comb.:
a. in sense 3 b, as in Secession church, secession movement, secession principles, secession synod;
b. with reference to the attempted secession from the United States (1861–5), as in secession-sympathizer; Secession War = War of Secession (see 3).
1803W. Taylor J. Brown's Lett. on Toleration Pref. 19 Evils which he saw coming on the Secession Churches. 1835[T. Jackson] Man. Sects & Heresies 113 In 1829 the two bodies were re-joined under the name of the United Secession Church. 1861Whittier in Life (1893) 136 In so doing I seem to take sides with the secession-sympathisers of the North. 1867Chamb. Encycl. IX. 645/2 It is not necessary to describe minutely the gradual extension of the ‘Secession movement’. 1883Encycl. Brit. XV. 132/2 This departure..from Secession principles. Ibid., Negotiations for union between the Burghers and Antiburghers resulted, in 1820, in the formation of the United Secession Synod. 1899Daily News 19 Oct. 6/4 Colonel Henderson..has long since made an exhaustive and minute study of the Secession War.
c. In sense 3 d, as Secession exhibition, secession school, secession style [tr. G. Sezessionstil].
1911R. Fry Let. 13 Apr. (1972) I. 345, I thought that the Grafton might be used for a general secession exhibition of all non-academy art of any importance. 1949New Yorker 5 Feb. 78/2 De Chirico..declares that the Ecole de Paris..was really founded on the Munich Secession School. 1973Times 18 Dec. (Hungary Today Suppl.) p. i/3 The Vigszinhaz..is in the turn of the century Secession style, the Vienna version of art nouveau.
6. attrib. (quasi-adj.) in the senses:
a. Belonging to the Secession Church;
b. Favouring the cause of secession (from the United States), secessionist. (With capital initial.)
1838A. Thomson Hist. Secession Ch. 171 The name among Secession authors which..is best known in purely literary circles is that of Dr. Jamieson. 1863Bright Sp. Amer. 26 Mar. 127 Not Union planters only, but Secession planters began to bring in the produce. |